Nutrition education in elementary school is confronted with the present problem, as a legal basis about obligation of nutrition education in school was clarified. Moreover, it's also important for providing evidence based scientific resources to make a study of evaluating the education effectiveness. Most studies of the nutrition education effectiveness have evaluated the changing dietary attitude and nutritional knowledge score before and after the nutrition education, and suggested the effectiveness of intervention as changing between pre- and post-treatment. Nutrition education, however, purposing long-term changes, follow-up evaluation process about the learned attitude and knowledge of nutrition education were requested. For these reasons, this study attempted to fulfilled standardized nutrition education program which use "Na Story and Food World" and "Na Story for Me", a textbook for the 1st-3rd grade and 4th-6th grade designed by KFDA, and analyzed the changes about the effectiveness of nutrition education happened over a period of time. In this study, each student was assessed their dietary attitude and nutritional knowledge by four periods, before the education, right after the education, after 3 months, and after 6 months. As a result, an average score of nutritional knowledge before the education, 70.08 +/- 17.91, were changed significantly higher right after the education to 85.69 +/- 15.05 (p < 0.001), but it lowered to 84 +/- 15.56 after 3 month. After the nutrition education, students in all grades had positive dietary attitude to Na reduction (p < 0.001). However, the healthy eating attitude about Na reduction had been unable to maintain after 3 and 6 months. Therefore, the systematic reeducated program in elementary school was positively necessary to reinforce children's learning and cognitive skills to maintain healthy eating knowledge and attitude toward Na reduction.
Eating ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Learning

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation (DLBCL-CI), specifically arising in ileal neobladder, is a rare neoplasm. We present an unusual case of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–positive DLBCL-CI arising within neobladder with detailed clinical, histological, and immunophenotypical features in an immunocompetent patient. An 88-year-old male was admitted for gross hematuria. He had undergone radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder 17 years ago for invasive bladder cancer. Computed tomography showed enhancing lesions on dome and posterior wall of neobladder with mucosal thickening and multiple enlarged retroperitoneal lymphadenopathies. Transurethralresection of neobladder lesion revealed the diffuse infiltration of large lymphoid cells which were positive for CD20, CD30, and multiple myeloma oncogen-1 with EBV-encoded small RNAs co-localizing, and diagnosis of EBV-positive DLBCL-CI was made. After multi-agent chemotherapy, the lesion disappeared. We suggest that clinicians should consider the possibility of DLBCL-CI in patients presented with hematuria during follow-up after bladder reconstruction.
Aged, 80 and over ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cystectomy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Male ; Multiple Myeloma ; RNA ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Antisynthetase syndrome has been recognized as an important cause of autoimmune inflammatory myopathy in a subset of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. It is associated with serum antibody to aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases and is characterized by a constellation of manifestations, including fever, myositis, interstitial lung disease, mechanic's hand-like cutaneous involvement, Raynaud phenomenon, and polyarthritis. Lung disease is the presenting feature in 50% of the cases. We report a case of a 60-year-old female with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which later proved to be an unexpected and initial manifestation of anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive antisynthetase syndrome. The present case showed resolution of ARDS after treatment with high-dose corticosteroids. Given that steroids are not greatly beneficial in the treatment of ARDS, it is likely that the improvement of the respiratory symptoms in this patient also resulted from the prompt suppression of the inflammatory systemic response by corticosteroids.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Arthritis ; Dermatomyositis ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Ligases ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Middle Aged ; Myositis ; Polymyositis ; Raynaud Disease ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult* ; RNA ; Steroids

The management of malignant left colon obstruction remains a difficult problem. Conventional surgical treatment is muti-staged and each stage carries its own morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to identify the feasibility and safety of one stage operation in patients presenting with acute obstruction of the left colon. From January 1991 to June 1996, 29 patients received one stage resection for acutely obstructed carcinoma of the left colon at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. Subtotal colectomies were performed in 9 patients(31.0%), left hemicolectomies in 6(20.7%), low anterior resection in 6(20.7%), sigmoid colectomy in 4(13.8%), anterior resection in 4 patients(13.8%). Subtotal colectomy was performed in patients with massively distended colon of dubious viability and to contain ischemic lesions at proximal colon. Total operative mortality was 6.9%: 5% in the immediate resection with anastomosis group, 11.1% in subtotal colectomy group. Complications included wound infection(4), fecal incontinence(2), intestinal obstruction(2), anastomotic leakage(1), upper G-I bleeding(1), postoperative bleeding(1), pulmonary complication(1). Our results suggest that resection and primary anastomosis can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality in patients with acute malignant obstruction of the left colon.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Colectomy ; Colon* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Humans ; Mortality ; Wounds and Injuries

Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary (MCT) are usually observed in women of reproductive age with the most dreadful complication being malignant transformation which occurs in approximately 1% to 3% of MCTs. In this case report, we present a patient with squamous cell carcinoma which developed from a MCT during pregnancy. The patient was treated conservatively without adjuvant chemotherapy and was followed without evidence of disease for more than 60 months using conventional tools as well as positron emission tomography-computed tomography following the initial surgery. We report this case along with the review of literature.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Dermoid Cyst ; Electrons ; Female ; Humans ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Teratoma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Electrocochleography is the only proven investigation and diagnostic tool to demonstrate the endolymphatic hydrops at this time. We designed this study to assess the characteristics of transtympanic electrocochleographic findings and to estimate the clinical value of the test results in the patients with Meniere's disease. MATERIALS AND METHOD:Electrocochleographic duration and amplitude were measured in a clinically defined definite Meniere's disease group and the results were compared with those from a normal hearing control group. RESULTS:The summating potential (SP)/action potential (AP) amplitude ratio was significantly different among study groups with 0.40+/-.10 in the bilateral Meniere's group, 0.34+/-.08 in the unilateral Meneire's group and 0.22+/-.08 in the normal group (p<0.01). The elevated SP/AP ratio in the patients with such a relatively long duration of Meniere's disease in this study was mainly due to the decreased AP amplitude rather than the enhanced SP amplitude. CONCLUSION:Measuring electrocochleography and demonstrating the elevated SP/AP ratio could be quite valuable to diagnose the patients with Meniere's disease. The recognition of decreased AP amplitude might be helpful to understand the cochlear pathologic status in the patients with Meniere's disease.
Audiometry, Evoked Response* ; Endolymphatic Hydrops ; Hearing ; Humans ; Meniere Disease*

Palatal myoclonus is a rare condition in which there are rhythmic jerky movements of the soft palate and sometimes of the other muscles innervated by the brainstem A particularly annoying symptom is a rhythmic clicking sound in the ear due to the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube. Orofacial buccal dystonia is a focal dystonia with sustained spasms of the masticatory, facial or lingual muscles. The frequent symptoms of this disease have mainly been reported to be involuntary and possibly painful jaw opening, closing, deflecting and retruding, or a combination of the above. However, the subtle and unnoticeable involuntary movement of multiple facial muscles, which might be an infrequent symptom of orofacial buccal dystonia, makes this disease hard to diagnose. Understanding the functional orofacial anatomy that is responsible for the clinical signs and symptoms is necessary for making a proper diagnosis. Here we report on a rare case of palatal myoclonus that was associated with orofacial buccal dystonia, and such a case has not been previously reported. We describe the diagnostic approach and excellent treatment results after Botulinum toxin A (Dysport) injection and proper counseling.
Botulinum Toxins ; Brain Stem ; Counseling ; Dyskinesias ; Dystonia ; Dystonic Disorders ; Ear ; Eustachian Tube ; Facial Muscles ; Jaw ; Muscles ; Myoclonus ; Palate, Soft ; Spasm ; Tinnitus

No abstract available.
Hepatitis C* ; Interferons* ; Polymyositis*

No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Humans* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Telomerase*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Movement of mitral valve during diastole and blood flow velocity through the valve can be accurately measured using M-mode and pulsed wave Doppler technique, respectively. However, the relationship between mechanical excursion and flow phenomenon at the same cardiac cycle has not been seriously investigated. METHOD: The subjects of this study included twenty cases with normal mitral flow pattern in Doppler echocardiography (Group I, mean age:44+/-20.8years, mean ejection fraction (EF):52+/-20.9%), twenty three cases with relaxation abnormality (Group II, mean age:59+/-11.4years, mean EF:43+/-18.2%) and seventeen cases with restrictive physiology (Group III, mean age: 47+/-15.9years, mean EF: 24+/-11.0%). We measured excursion of mitral leaflets at early (DE) and late (DA) diastole, area of mitral valvular opening using two dimensional calibration on M mode images, and transmitral inflow velocity (E (early ventricular filling)-, A (atrial contraction)-velocity), TVI (time velocity integral) on Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: DE-excursions (mm) in group I, II, III were 16.8+/-4.7, 14.2+/-3.5, 15.3+/-4.1, DA-excursions (mm) were 9.8+/-3.2, 10.7+/-3.0, 8.3+/-2.7, E-areas (cm2) were 2.8+/-1.3, 2.6+/-0.8, 2.5+/-1.0, A-areas (cm2) were 1.7+/-0.8, 1.7+/-0.7, 2.0+/-0.6, respectively. In E-, A-velocity, deceleration time, E-TVI and A-TVI, there were significant differences among three groups. However, in DE-, DA-excursion, E-, A-area, there were no significant differences among three groups. Between DE excursion and E velocity, DA excursion and A velocity, and total opening area and total TVI in total subjects, significant correlations were absent. CONCLUSION: The mitral excursions and mitral opening areas on M mode images did not show any significant correlations with the mitral inflow velocities and TVI by pulsed Doppler, which suggests that the excursion of mitral leaflets is independent of transmitral inflow.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Calibration ; Deceleration ; Diastole ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Mitral Valve* ; Physiology ; Relaxation