No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

The art of body adornment by body piercing and tattooing has become increasingly popular in our modern culture. Temporary henna tattoos are readily available worldwide, last several weeks on the skin, and offer a self-limited, convenient alternative to a permanent tattoo. The addition of para-phenylenediamine (PPD), which is widely recognized as a sensitizer, increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis from these henna tattoo mixtures, and a number of cases have been reported. We report a case of contact dermatitis from a henna tattoo mixture, which was diagnosed by the patch test and identification and quantification of PPD and nickel in a temporary henna tattoo.
Body Piercing ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Nickel ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Tattooing*

The majority of deaths due to intracranial tumors are preceded by long periods of symptoms, resulting in diagnosis of the tumors. And introduction of CT and MRI have led to increased early detection of intracranial tumors. Nonetheless, sudden unexpected deaths from intracranial tumors are rarely encountered at autopsy. We report an autopsy case of 2-year-old boy who died from medulloblastoma.
Autopsy ; Brain Neoplasms ; Death, Sudden ; Medulloblastoma ; Preschool Child

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Otitis media is one of the most common inflammatory disorders in the field of otolaryngology. Fortunately, with development in antibiotics and advances in preventive therapy otitis media is on the decrease. Nevertheless, there are only few reports about the prevalence rate of otitis media in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of each type of otitis media among young adults in Gwangju and the Province of Chonnam, Korea. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 28, 200 men aged 19 years old who underwent physical examination for conscription at the Military Manpower Administration in Gwangju from February to september, 2002 were analyzed, retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of otitis media was 0.219%. Prevalence of each subtype was as follows; acute otitis media, 0%; otitis media with effusion, 0.049%; chronic otitis media, 0.17%, respectively. In the group of chronic otitis media, chronic perforated otitis media was 95.8%. The prevalence of otitis media did not vary by urban-rural difference, nor by coastal-inland area. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of chronic otitis media was remarkably decreased, compared with 10 years ago (0.70%), and conspicuously with 20 years ago (2.81%). Therefore, we think this low prevalence rate is partially due to remarkable improvement in socioeconomic conditions with better nutrition, housing, hygienic condition, social environments and advances in public health and medical care.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Gwangju* ; Housing ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do* ; Korea* ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Otolaryngology ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence* ; Public Health ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Conditions ; Young Adult*

Tuberculosis of the salivary gland is a very rare disease and the incidence of the primary lesion more frequently involves the parotid gland than the submandibular or sublingual gland. Secondary tuberculosis may also occur but tends to occur in the submandibular or sublingual glands more frequently than in the parotid. It is associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and occurs in one of two forms-an acute inflammatory lesion or a chronic granulomatous lesion. In particular, the chronic granulomatous lesion presents a difficult diagnostic problem because it may mimic the more common tumorous lesion: usually, it is diagnosed after the excision biopsy. We have recently experienced a case of parotid tuberculosis that was diagnosed as the pleomorphic adenoma preoperatively, but which was confirmed as tuberculous lymphadenitis after superficial parotidectomy. We report it with a review of literature.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Biopsy ; Incidence ; Parotid Gland ; Rare Diseases ; Salivary Glands ; Sublingual Gland ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) allows the patients to titrate the dosages of sedative drug according to their needs. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and the efficacy of nurse-administered propofol sedation (NAPS) with those of PCS. METHODS: Eighty one patients were randomly assigned to two groups. All patients received meperidine 25 mg and propofol 40 mg as an initial dose for sedation. Patients in PCS group were subsequently infused with propofol 15 mg over 80 seconds through infusion pump whenever they required. Patients in NAPS group were injected with 10~20 mg propofol by nurse with supervision by endoscopist. The dosage of propofol, cardiopulmonary parameters, procedure time, sedation score, pain score, the patients' and endoscopists' satisfaction scores were assessed. RESULTS: With regard to blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation, serious complications were not observed. Especially, there was no significant difference of mean total dose between two groups (NAPS group and PCS group received 76.7+/-24.7 mg and 82.5+/-26.6 mg respectively). Pain score was higher in woman than in man (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: 1.2~1.5 mg/kg of propofol with small dose of opioid during colonoscopy was effective and safe. NAPS was more practical and useful method of sedation than PCS during colonoscopy.
Blood Pressure ; Colonoscopy* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Meperidine ; Organization and Administration ; Oxygen ; Propofol*

PURPOSE: To analyze the associations among the degrees of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by ultrasonography and metabolic syndrome, degrees of obesity in children, and degrees of parental obesity. METHODS: A total of 198 children with obesity who visited a pediatric obesity clinic were prospectively enrolled in this study. The severity of NAFLD based on ultrasonography was classified into no, mild, moderate, or severe NAFLD group. The degree of obesity based on the percentage over standard weight for height per sex was classified into mild, moderate, or severe. RESULTS: Of 132 patients evaluated for the degree of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome, the p-value of correlation between the two factors was 0.009. Therefore, metabolic syndrome might significantly affect the degree of NAFLD. Of 158 patients evaluated for the degree of NAFLD and the degree of obesity, the p-value of correlation between the two factors was 0.122. Of 154 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and father's obesity, the p-value was 0.076. Of 159 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and mother's obesity, the p-value was 0.000, indicating that mother's obesity could significantly affect the degree of obesity in children. Of 142 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and metabolic syndrome, the p-value was 0.288. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome might significantly affect the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver in children. In addition, mother's obesity might be a significant factor that affects the degree of obesity in children.
Child* ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* ; Obesity* ; Parents* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Kidney length is the most useful parameter for clinical measurement of kidney size, and is useful to distinguish acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease. In this prospective observational study of 437 normal children aged between 0 and < 13 years, kidney length was measured using sonography. There were good correlations between kidney length and somatic values, including age, weight, height, and body surface area. The rapid growth of height during the first 2 years of life was intimately associated with a similar increase in kidney length, suggesting that height should be considered an important factor correlating with kidney length. Based on our findings, the following regression equation for the reference values of bilateral kidney length for Korean children was obtained: kidney length of the right kidney (cm) = 0.051 × height (cm) + 2.102; kidney length of the left kidney (cm) = 0.051 × height (cm) + 2.280. This equation may aid in the diagnosis of various kidney disorders.
Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Body Surface Area ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Diseases/diagnosis ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Republic of Korea ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: With previous methods based on only age and location, there are many difficulties in identifying the etiology of acute abdominal pain in children. We sought to develop a new systematic classification of acute abdominal pain and to give some helps to physicians encountering difficulties in diagnoses. METHODS: From March 2005 to May 2010, clinical data were collected retrospectively from 442 children hospitalized due to acute abdominal pain with no apparent underlying disease. According to the final diagnoses, diseases that caused acute abdominal pain were classified into nine groups. RESULTS: The nine groups were group I "catastrophic surgical abdomen" (7 patients, 1.6%), group II "acute appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis" (56 patients, 12.7%), group III "intestinal obstruction" (57 patients, 12.9%), group IV "viral and bacterial acute gastroenteritis" (90 patients, 20.4%), group V "peptic ulcer and gastroduodenitis" (66 patients, 14.9%), group VI "hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease" (14 patients, 3.2%), group VII "febrile viral illness and extraintestinal infection" (69 patients, 15.6%), group VIII "functional gastrointestinal disorder (acute manifestation)" (20 patients, 4.5%), and group IX "unclassified acute abdominal pain" (63 patients, 14.3%). Four patients were enrolled in two disease groups each. CONCLUSION: Patients were distributed unevenly across the nine groups of acute abdominal pain. In particular, the "unclassified abdominal pain" only group was not uncommon. Considering a systemic classification for acute abdominal pain may be helpful in the diagnostic approach in children.
Abdominal Pain* ; Appendicitis ; Child* ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulcer

Especially in design of automobile, there are many professional softwares based finite element or multi-body like Madymo, Pam-Crash, Ansys. These program have been released almost every car maker and university. Also in accident reconstruction fields, there are some softwares like PC-Crash, HVE was developed. Unfortunately these programs for accident reconstruction are so general and its input data are so limited, it is very difficult or even impossible to analyze some special cases. In this study, we reconstruct two crime scenes using Madymo program. Although this program was developed for design of car, we apply to crime scene reconstruction. First case is regarding traffic accident. A car was fell under 5m from the road and turn over and then move about 40m. Finally the driver eject from the car. Second case is regarding suicide by hanging. When the police investigate the crime scene at first time, they assume that this crime is a murder case but we carried out autopsy and investigated the crime scene again and analyzed by computer simulation and finally find out this crime is suicide case not murder.
Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles ; Autopsy ; Computer Simulation* ; Crime* ; Homicide ; Humans ; Police ; Suicide