No abstract available.
Incontinentia Pigmenti*

Intermittent Exotropia has been treated by various surgical methods such as bilateral medial rectus resection, lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection of deviating eye, and bilateral lateral rectus recession. However, the outcomes of such operations are unsatisfactory because of high incidence of postoperative undercorrection and overcorrection. Authors have performed a surgical method which is the medial rectus muscle resection of dominant eye and lateral rectus muscle recession of non-dominant eye in 68 patients. Authors considered the outcome successful if patients achieve deviation between 10 PD of exophoria and 5 PD of esophoria, good stereopsis, no suppression and no manifest deviation. The success rate was 83.8% (57/68) and there was no overcorrection over 6 months follow-up. As postoperative complications, 5 cases of temporary turning of face and 3 cases of asymmetric palpebral fissure were seen. Therefore, these results suggest that medial rectus resection of dominant eye and lateral rectus recession of non-dominant eye in intermittent exotropia may be an alternative surgical method for intermittent exotropia. However, further studies are necessary to determine the exact surgical amounts and mechanism of this surgical method.
Depth Perception ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Postoperative Complications

BACKGROUND: Understanding the differentiation and migrating character of the tympanic membrane, external auditory canal as well as cholesteatoma pathogenesis needs knowledge about epithelial generation center. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the distribution of the epithelial generation center in the tympanic membrane and external auditory canal using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU) immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BrdU was injected into peritoneum of 10 Mongolian gerbils and gerbil's temporal bones were obtained and serial section was done. Anti-BrdU antibody immunohistochemical stain was done. RESULTS: The labeling index was highest at posterosuperior quadrant of pars tensa, higher at malleus handle attached area and annulus region. On pars flaccida, labeling index was high at entire area. The labeling index of deep meatal skin was higher than that of lateral meatal skin, especially near annulus area. According to results, epithelial generation centers are thought to be on pars flaccida, posterosuperior quadrant of pars tensa, malleus handle attached area and annulus region. CONCLUSION: These findings are similar to those of human tympanic membrane and external auditory canal, and gerbils can be used as a animal model for study of normal human tymapnic membrane, external auditory canal and cholesteatomas.
Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cholesteatoma ; Ear Canal* ; Gerbillinae* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Malleus ; Membranes ; Models, Animal ; Peritoneum ; Skin* ; Temporal Bone ; Tympanic Membrane*

No abstract available.

Objectives: ：The purpose of this study is to compare bleeding tendency of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) using platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) in patients with major depressive disorder. Methods: ：This study is a prospective open-label study conducted by a single institution. A total of 41 subjects diagnosed with major depressive disorder under the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria participated in this study.The subjects were classified into SSRI (escitalopram) groups and SNRI (duloxetine) groups, respectively, according to random assignments. The closure time (CT) was measured using a platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) before each antidepressant was administered and after 6 weeks. Paired-sample t-test was conducted within each group to determine whether a specific antidepressant had an effect on closure time. In order to confirm the rela-tive change in platelet function between the two groups, an independent sample t-test was conducted to compare and analyze the change in closure time between the two groups. Results: ：There was no significant changes in closure time (CEPI-CT, CADP-CT) before and 6 weeks after drug administration in the SSRI and SNRI groups, and there was no difference in the amount of changes in closure time between the two groups. Conclusions ：Our results showed no difference in bleeding tendency between SSRI and SNRI. This study suggests that further large-scale studies on bleeding tendency for various antidepressants are needed in the future.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the arterial dominant phase images of spiral CT in the detection and localization of pancreatic islet cell tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients with pathologically proven isletcell tumors of the pancreas were studied with two-phase spiral CT. Images of the arterial dominant phase and delayed phase were obtained at 30 and 180 seconds after the initiation of injection of 100 ml of contrast materialat a rate of 3ml/sec. The parameters of scanning were 3-mm thickness, table speed of 4mm/sec, and reconstruction at 2-mm intervals. Images were prospectively analyzed and the operative findings were used as the reference standard for tumor detection and localization. RESULTS: On arterial dominant phase images, lesions were definitely depicted in five patients(83%) and were suspicious in one (17%). In the delayed phase, only two tumors(33%) were demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The arterial dominant phase of spiral CT is useful in the preoperative detection and localization of islet cell tumor of the pancreas.
Adenoma, Islet Cell* ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Pancreas* ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep problems in Korean elementary school children and the differences in sleep problems related to their school grade and gender. METHODS: One public elementary school in Dae-gu, Korea was randomly selected. And, parents who agreed to participate this study were asked to complete a modified version of Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea screening questionnaire (TuCASA). RESULTS: The most common sleep problem was 'falling asleep in a vehicle (44.2%)' and the prevalence rate of this problem differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while watching TV before 8 P.M. (8.0%), daytime fatigue (21.9%) and nocturnal enuresis during the past 6 months (5.3%) were significantly differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while doing home work, falling asleep during a lesson, snoring and bruxism were 12.6%, 1.0%, 26.7% and 13.2% respectively. Although these rates did not show any differences between grades, snoring was more in boys and daytime fatigue was more in girls.. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that many elementary school children may have various sleep problems. Lower grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems which related to neuro-developmental factors, whereas higher grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems related to sleep deprivation and stress. Finally, more female schooler showed signs of fatigue or sleepiness than male schoolers.
Bruxism ; Child ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Sex Characteristics ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Deprivation ; Snoring ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this article is to introduce a simple appliance that uses a setup model and a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire for correcting the mesial rotation and drift of the permanent maxillary first molar. The technique involves bonding a Ni-Ti wire to the proper position of the target tooth on a setup model, followed by the fabrication of the transfer cap for indirect bonding and its transfer to the patient's teeth. This appliance causes less discomfort and provides better oral hygiene for the patients than do conventional appliances such as the bracket, pendulum, and distal jet. The treatment time is also shorter with the new appliance than with full-fixed appliances. Moreover, the applicability of the new appliance can be expanded to many cases by using screws or splinting with adjacent teeth to improve anchorage.
Humans ; Molar* ; Oral Hygiene ; Splints ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Liver*

OBJECTIVE: Appropriate antituberculosis chemotherapy may not prevent occurrence or progression of tracheobronchial stenosis and obstruction in the patients with endobronchial tuberculosis. The effect of corticosteroid treatment combined with antituberculosis chemotherapy was inconclusive. We evaluated prospectively the effect of corticosteroid treatment. METHODS: We diagnosed endobronchial tuberculosis by bronchoscopic examination and bronchial biopsy in the patients of tuberculosis within one month of antituberculosis chemotherapy. After randomization, we prescribed isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide with or without prednisolone 40 mg for 4 weeks. We carried out bronchoscopy in second month and ninth month of treatment. RESULTS: Edematous endobronchial tuberculosis showed significant improvement of bronchial stenosis after corticosteroid treatment(p<0.05). Corticosteroid treatment did not have advantage of improvement of bronchial stenosis in the patients with infiltrative endobronchial tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: Corticosteroid is effective in the treatment of bronchial stenosis when endobronchial tuberculosis is edematous type, in the early period of antituberculosis chemotherapy.
Biopsy ; Bronchoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drug Therapy ; Ethambutol ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Prednisolone ; Prospective Studies ; Pyrazinamide ; Random Allocation ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis*