A clinical observation was made on 38 patients with the suspicion of prostatic cancer in the department of urology, St. Mary's Hospital during the period from January, 1969 to December, 1978. The results are as follows. 1. The most prevalent age was from 60 to 69 (44.7%) 2. Among 38 cases of the transrectal needle biopsy, the adequate tissues for the histologic diagnosis were obtained in 34 cases. 3. Of 34 cases whose tissue were obtained adequately by the needle biopsy, 22 cases were diagnosed the malignancy of prostate. 4. Among 38 cases of the transrectal needle biopsy, the fever were developed in 4 cases and the rectal bleeding in one case.
Biopsy, Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Needles* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Urology

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis*

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of automated computer aided volumetry for simulated small pulmonary nodules at computed tomography using various types of phantoms MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of synthetic nodules (small, calcified and those adjacent to vessels) were studied. The volume of the nodules in each set was already known, and using multi-slice CT, volumetric data for each nodule was acquired from the three-dimensional reconstructed image. The volume was calculated by applying three different threshold values using Rapidia(R) software (3D-Med, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: Relative errors in the measured volume of synthetic pulmonary nodules were 17.3, 2.9, and 11.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=0.96, p<0.001). For calcified nodules, relative errors in measured volume were 10.9, 5.3, and 16.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=1.03, p<0.001). In cases involving synthetic nodules adjacent to vessels, relative errors were 4.6, 16.3, and 31.2 % at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively. There was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -200 HU (r=1.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using computer-aided volumetry, the measured volumes of synthetic nodules correlated closely with their true volume. Measured volumes were the same at each threshold level, regardless of window setting.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Meningitis*

The objective of this paper is to introduce the schematic protocol of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of varicose veins. Indication: anatomic or pathophysiologic indication includes venous diameter within 2-20 mm, reflux time > or =0.5 seconds and distance from the skin > or =5 mm or subfascial location. Access: it is recommended to access at or above the knee joint for great saphenous vein and above the mid-calf for small saphenous vein. Catheter placement: the catheter tip should be placed 2.0 cm inferior to the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction. Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis > or =class III should be treated with low-molecular weight heparin. Tumescent solution: the composition of solution can be variable (e.g., 2% lidocaine 20 mL+500 mL normal saline+bicarbonate 2.5 mL with/without epinephrine). Infiltration can be done from each direction. Ablation: two cycles' ablation for the first proximal segment of saphenous vein and the segment with the incompetent perforators is recommended. The other segments should be ablated one time. During RF energy delivery, it is recommended to apply external compression. Concomitant procedure: It is recommended to do simultaneously ambulatory phlebectomy. For sclerotherapy, it is recommended to defer at least 2 weeks. Post-procedural management: post-procedural ambulation is encouraged to reduce the thrombotic complications. Compression stocking should be applied for at least 7 days. Minor daily activity is not limited, but strenuous activities should be avoided for 2 weeks. It is suggested to take showers after 24 hours and tub baths, swimming, or soaking in water after 2 weeks.
Baths ; Catheter Ablation* ; Catheters ; Consensus* ; Heparin ; Knee Joint ; Lidocaine ; Saphenous Vein ; Sclerotherapy ; Skin ; Stockings, Compression ; Swimming ; Thrombosis ; Varicose Veins* ; Walking

The authors attempted to examine the allelic association between the A1 allele of Dopamine D2 receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism, drug addiction in Koreans. Schizophrenic patients(n=31), alcoholism(n=65), drug addiction(n=18) and controls(n=52) were examined by case-control study for distribution of the Taql polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor gene in Korean population to minimize the effect of racial differencies in gene frequencies. In schizophrenics, the numbers of schizophrenics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 9(29%), 15(48%) and 7(22%) respectively and in alcoholics with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 14(21.5%), 36(55.4%) and 15(23.1%) respectively and in drug addiction with A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 were 4(7.6%), 24(46.2%) and 24(46.2%) respectively. The prevalence of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction and controls were 77%, 76.9%, 67% and 53.8% respectively. And the frequency of the A1 allele in schizophrenics, alcoholics, drug addiction, and controls were 0.53 0.49, 0.39 and 0.31 respectively. There was significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between schizophrenics, alcoholics and controls. We also classified our alcoholic population. For classification by severity, we used the median MAST score 30 in our samples. There was also significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between less severe group(0.42) and more severe group(0.57). This data suggest that the A1 allele is associated with schizophrenia and alcoholism in Korean. Furthermore the prevalence of the A1 allele increased in more severely affected alcoholics. The authors conclude that our data support an allelic association between the A1 allele at dopamine D2 receptor and schizophrenia, alcoholism. These results suggest the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene is associated with a number of behavior disorders in which it may act as a modifying gene rather than as the primary etiological agent.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Classification ; Dopamine* ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Dopamine D2* ; Schizophrenia* ; Substance-Related Disorders*

OBJECTIVES: To determine if unilateral pedicle screw fixation is comparable to bilateral fixation in one-or two-segment lumbar spinal fusion. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis were assigned to either unilateral or bilateral pedicle screw instrumentation groups. Demographic variables, preoperative diagnosis, number of fusion segments, and kinds of instrumentation used were similar between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of blood loss, clinical results, time at which fusion was complete, fusion rate, and complication rate. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of duration of operating time, duration of hospital stay, medical expenses. The number of fusion segments or kinds of instrumentation did not affect the fusion rate, time at which fusion was complete, or clinical outcomes. Metal failure rate of unilateral fixation was higher in patients with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis than in patients with spinal stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral pedicle screw fixation was as effective as bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal fusion independent of the number of fusion segments (one or two segments) or pedicle screw systems. Unilateral pedicle screw fixation is not recommended for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis patients who were treated with Gill' s decompression.
Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Spinal Fusion* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis

PURPOSE: Stress, depending on its intensity and duration, results in either adaptive or maladaptive physiological and psychological changes in humans. Also, it was found that stressful experiences increase the signs of behavioral despair in rodents. On the other hand, exercise and melatonin treatment is believed to have many beneficial effects on health. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of physical activity and melatonin against chronic stress-induced depression in rats. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(200-250g, 7 weeks of age) were subjected to depression induced by chronic stress. Chronic depression was induced with forced-swim stress (FSS) and repeated change of light-dark cycle for 4 weeks. In the last 2 weeks, some rats were confined in a cage enriched with a running wheel, seesaw and chewed a ball from 19:00 to 07:00 every day. Melatonin was injected intra-peritoneally (I.P), and the rats received intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (15 mg/kg). The Forced Swim Test (FST) was performed to evaluate the immobility behaviors of rats for a 5 min test. RESULTS: It was found that, the immobility time in FST was significantly (p<.05) lower in physical exercise (M=58.83+/-22.73) and melatonin (M=67.33+/-37.73) than in depressive rats (M=145.93+/-63.16) without physical activity. Also, TPH positive cell in dorsal raphe was significantly (p<.05) higher in exercise (M=457.38+/-103.21) and melatonin (M=425.38+/-111.56) than in depressive rats (M=258.25+/-89.13). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that physical activity and melatonin produces antidepressant-like effect on stress-induced depression in rats. So, physical exercise and melatonin may be a good intervention in depression patients.
Adult ; Animals ; Depression* ; Exercise ; Hand ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Melatonin* ; Models, Animal* ; Motor Activity* ; Photoperiod ; Rats* ; Rodentia ; Running

Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (IV PCA) after general or spinal anesthesia may be a method of postoperative pain control, but side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and sedation occurs in most patients. The following research is based on the ultrasound guided femorosciatic nerve block held on parts below the knee joint operation. Because this anesthesia is held locally on the sciatic nerve with continuous anesthesia performed through perineural catheterization, the complications of nausea, vomiting, and sedation may be reduced while postoperative pain caused by the sciatic nerve is controlled. The following report is held on this experience.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Nausea ; Nerve Block ; Pain, Postoperative ; Sciatic Nerve ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the proximal nerve stump, in end-to-side nerve repair, to functional recovery, by modifying the classic end-to-side neurorrhaphy and suturing the proximal nerve stump to a donor nerve in a rat model of a severed median nerve. METHODS: Three experimental groups were studied: a modified end-to-side neurorrhaphy with suturing of the proximal nerve stump (double end-to-side neurorrhaphy, Group I), a classic end-to-side neurorrhaphy (Group II) and a control group without neurorrhaphy (Group III). Twenty weeks after surgery, grasping testing, muscle contractility testing, and histological studies were performed. RESULTS: The grasping strength, muscle contraction force and nerve fiber count were significantly higher in group I than in group II, and there was no evidence of nerve recovery in group III. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution from the proximal nerve stump in double end-to-side nerve repair might improve axonal sprouting from the donor nerve and help achieve a better functional recovery in an end-to-side coaptation model.
Anastomosis, Surgical/methods ; Animals ; Axons/pathology ; Forelimb ; Hand Strength ; Male ; Median Nerve/pathology/*surgery ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Nerve Regeneration ; Nerve Transfer/*methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recovery of Function ; Ulnar Nerve/pathology/*surgery