PURPOSE: Cerebral palsy or hearing disability of hyperbilirubinemic complication was reduced by blood exchange transfusion(BET) and phototherapy(PT). But in spite of these treatment, abnormal Auditory Brainstem evoked Response(ABR) finding after BET or PT and neurodevelopmental defect due to chronic bilirubin encephalopathy were observed. So we have studied risk factors and outcome of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy after BET, and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: We have analyzed clinical characteristics, the finding and change of ABR after BET in 17 hyperbilirubinemic neonates, and in 8 hyperbilirubinemic neonates who were treated by phototherapy and 15 normal control neonates. RESULTS: 1) Mean bilirubin concentraion were 27.5+/-4.1mg/dL in BET group and 22.1+/-2.3 mg/dL in PT group. There were no difference of clinical findings between BET and PT group. 2) Change of ABR (1) Wave I loss resulted in 4 neonates, wave III loss in 3 neonates, and wave V loss in 2 neonates in BET group(P<0.05). (2) Wave I peak latency and hearing threshold in BET group were significantly increased more than normal control group(P<0.01). 3) In 10 neonates(58.8%) among 17 BET group, 4 neonates(50%) in 8 PT group were observed abnormal initial ABR finding after jaundice treatment. Age at treatment and duration of jaundice(interval between onset of jaundice and treatment) in abnormal ABR group were significant prolongation compared with normal ABR group(P<0.05). 4) Chronic bilirubin encephalopathy(CBE) was observed in 3 neonates(17.6%) among 17 BET group and showed higher of bilirubin level than normalized group after BET (31.1mg/dL vs 26.6mg/dL), other clinical findings showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Bilirubin level was significantly elevated in CBE more than in BET group and duration of jaundice, age at treatment were longer in abnormal ABR group than in normal ABR group. So not only bilirubin level but also duration of jaundice shoud be considered at jaundice treatment, and ABR has a potential utility in detection of acute brain toxicity of bilirubin and follow up evaluation of bilirubin encephalopathy.
Bilirubin ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebral Palsy ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hearing ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Jaundice ; Kernicterus ; Phototherapy* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis*

BACKGROUND: The Korean Journal of Dermatology and the Annals of Dermatology are representative journals of dermatology in Korea. Evaluation of their content, authors and affiliations are valuable for our understanding of the situation, trends and interests of the Korean dermatologic society. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the original contributions in the major dermatology journals of Korea, and compare these with those of renowned international dermatology journals in terms of original contribution. METHODS: A total of 318 original articles from the last 3 volumes of the Korean Journal of Dermatology (2003, vol. 41 to 2005, vol. 43) were collected and analyzed for their characteristic features, such as categories, authors, and affiliations. We also compared these characteristic features with those of 18 original articles from the last 3 volumes of Annals of Dermatology (2003, vol. 15 to 2005, vol. 17), an English dermatologic journal in Korea. RESULTS: Thirty-two percent of original articles fell into the category of drug evaluation and clinical research, followed by laboratory and experimental research. Most articles had three to six co-authors (78%), and one (55.3%) or two (31.1%) affiliations. The number of articles by a specific corresponding author ranged from one to eight, and the majority of articles by a specific corresponding author were one (43.6%) during 3 years. These situations were similar with those of the Annals of Dermatology. The evaluation of the Korean Journal of Dermatology about charateristics of original articles showed a small number of original articles by a corresponding author and cooperative researches with other afilliations. The main subjects of articles were centralized to 3 major categories in the Korean Journal of Dermatology, whereas the other famous international journals showed a relatively uniform distribution. CONCLUSION: The participation of non-dermatologists was fewer in the Korean journals than the other famous international journals. The Korean dermatologic society should make an effort to involve the specialists of other fields in submitting excellent original articles to the Korean Journal of Dermatology. And for the academic position of the Korean dermatologic society, we should make an effort to register one of our journals to the SCI (science citation index). The Korean Journal of Dermatology should deal with more varied articles from new categories for a more uniform distribution of themes. It should also make more effort to improve the Korean Journal of Dermatology.
Dermatology* ; Drug Evaluation ; Korea* ; Specialization

Anti-E and anti-c is one of the clinical significant irregular antibodies developing a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Since anti-c occurs frequently with anti-E in immunized people whosoe cells are E-and c-, it has been recommended to select blood of the patient's own R1 phenotype for transfusion, even when the presence of anti-c cannot be demonstrated in his/her serum. To determine the utility of this approach, we reviewed the blood bank laboratory records of patients identified anti-E and anti-c in his/her serum in Severance hospital over a 12 year period (1985-1996). During the 12-year period of study, 53 patients were identified with anti-E and/or anti-c; 30(56.6%) patients had anti-E alone, 6(11.3%) had anti-c, and 17(32.1%) had both. Thirty eight of forty two patients whose Rh-hr phenotypes were tested were R1R1. Of these 38 R1R1 patients, 16 patients (42.1%) presented with anti-c concomitant with anti-E. Ouru study showed that the incidence of antni-c in R1R1 patients with anti-E is similar to that of studies reported in Caucasian groups. We highly suggest the transfusion protocol of prophylactic use of c negative blood for R1R1 patients with anti-E. Furthermore, because anti-c may be present in concentrations too low to be detected, the enzyme technique is recommended in parallel with standard serologic methods for the identification of irregular antibodies.
Antibodies ; Blood Banks ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Phenotype

Primary ampullary carcinoma is one of rare gastrointestinal malignancies which can be diagnosed by ERCP and endoscopic biopsy. However, sometimes it is difficult to comfirm the diagnosis when the tumor is not exposed out of orifice of ampulla. Recently, we diagnosed early stage ampullary carcinoma using endoscopic sphincetrotomy for the exposure of tumor in 54 year old woman ia whom ERCP revealed rather impacted stone like filling defect in distal common bile duct. we describe a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater diagnosed by edoscopic sphincterotomy.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Biopsy* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic*

This paper is to review Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the developmental perspective, focusing on clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD throughout life stage. When diagnosed with ADHD, before entering elementary school early diagnosis and early intervention is encouraged to reduce various impairments that occur during development. Thirty to eighty percent of school-age ADHD symptoms remain throughout the adolescence or meet the ADHD diagnosis criteria. During adolescence, hyperactivity and impulsiveness from other existing symptoms become less severe but children have insufficiency to continue studying or task compared to their peers. Pharmacologic treatment had been shown to be the most effective treatment regimen for adolescents who continue to have ADHD symptoms. In adults, representative symptoms of ADHD, hyperactivity and impulsiveness, often gradually decrease while lack of concentration remains. As Conner's Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID), a structured interview for the diagnosis of adulthood ADHD has been translated into Korean, it can be applied clinically. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment in adults had been shown to be effective.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Early Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention among male nurses in South Korea. METHODS: Data were collected in May, 2013 and a total of 150 male hospital nurses participated in this study. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention were measured using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 for windows. RESULTS: There were statistically significant correlations between job satisfaction and organizational commitment (r=.74, p<.001), job satisfaction and turnover intention (r=-.56, p<.001), and organizational commitment and turnover intention (r=-.69, p< .001). There was a statistically significant difference in job satisfaction of participants according to education, work unit, and salary. Organizational commitment showed significant difference according to age, education, work unit, and salary. Turnover intention was significantly different according to duration of employment in the hospital, and salary. The most influential factor for turnover intention was organizational commitment (beta=-.69, p<.001). This factor accounted for 47.8% of the variance in turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that to reduce turnover intention for men in nursing, it is necessary to increase job satisfaction, and organizational commitment.
Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Korea ; Male ; Nurses, Male* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is an acquired multisystemic disorder characterized by persistent elevated antiphospholipid antibodies and/or hypercoagulation in veins or arteries, or both. The clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid antibody syodrome are recurrent thrombosis, fetal loss, thrcenbocytopenia, and various cutaneous lesions. Skin lesions are the first sign of this syndrome in 41% of patients and systemic thrombosis develops in 40% of them. Livedo reticularis is the most common cutaneous finding of the antiphosphotipid antibody syndrome. Although vasculitis has not been frequently noted in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, some vasculitis such as polyarteritis nodosa, giant cell arteritis, and other nonspecific vasculitides have been found in association with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. We present a male patient with typical manifestations of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with deep vein thrombosis and positive antiphospholipid antibodies. It suggests that a case of antiphospholipid antibody syndorme was accompanied with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; Arteries ; Giant Cell Arteritis ; Humans ; Livedo Reticularis ; Male ; Polyarteritis Nodosa ; Skin ; Thrombosis ; Vasculitis* ; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: The objective of this case report was to present tube erosion of Ahmed valve implantation using a synthetic dura substitute (Neuro-Patch®, B. Braun, Boulogne, France). CASE SUMMARY: Tube erosion was caused by dissolution of the conjunctiva and partial-thickness scleral tunnel in 5 patients who received Ahmed valve implantation using a synthetic dura substitute for glaucoma treatment 2 to 4 months after the operation. Furthermore, the patients required re-operation for preventing secondary complications such as endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS: This case series using a synthetic dura substitute in Ahmed valve implantation demonstrated the risk of tube erosion with scleral tunnel melting and following secondary complications even with a partial-thickness scleral tunnel method.
Conjunctiva ; Endophthalmitis ; Freezing* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Methods