From January 1995 to December 1997, a total of 219 cases pelviscopic surgery was performed at Il Sin Christian Hospital. To evaluate the safty and efficacy of pelviscopic surgery, we reviewed indication of operation, mean age, parity, history of abdominal operation, type of operation, duration of hospitalization and complication retrospectively. The number of pelviscopic surgery have risen from 33 cases in 1995 to 53 cases in 1996 and 133 cases in 1997. The most common indications were 118 cases for ectopic pregnancy (53.9%) and 42 cases for ovarian cyst (19.2%), 20 cases for infertility (9.1%) in order. Among the ovarian cyst, endometrioma was the most common. The mean age of patients was 31+/-6.7 years old and mean parity was 0.77. In most cases, mean blood loss was lesser than 100 cc except 500 cc in LAVH, 150 cc in CISH, 106.7 cc in ectopic mass removal. The postoperative hospital stay was varied from 0 day to 10 days, but usually 2 days. The 26 cases had complicated and the most common complication was fever above 38degrees C. In conclusion, it is evident that pelviscopic surgery is lesser invasive technique, has lower complication rate and shorter the length of hospitalization. So, we expect the number and indication of pelviscopic surgery will be increased in future.
Endometriosis ; Female ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infertility ; Length of Stay ; Ovarian Cysts ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Retrospective Studies

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn maturity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of newborn. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity. A total of 75 newborn were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows: 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is proportional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination is more reliable and clinically feasible method to measure the accurate GA, compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the newborn maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics will enhance the clinical applicability of the examination.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Nurseries ; Nursing Process ; Respiration ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Hodgkin Disease*

No abstract available.
Penicillin Resistance* ; Penicillins* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for low back pain in order to provide basic information for intervention programs to prevent low back pain in civil airline flight attendants. METHODS: Cross sectional observation was used by using systematic randomized sampling method. Among 1,764 study population, 398 people were selected. For statistical analysis, 210 completed questionnaires were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 11.0 for t-test, chi square and regression. RESULTS: 1. Positive low back pain rate was 58.7% in the whole study group. In the highest positive group age ranged between 25 to 29 years, and career duration between 37 to 60 months. 2. According to job position, the risk of low back pain was the highest in economy class senior, cabin sales charge, and economy class junior group. On the contrary, cabin manager was the lowest risk group. 3. According to the average score of job stress, low job control and low supervisory support were each associated with higher positive rate of low back pain. 4. Wide degree of bending, more frequent waist movement and heavy lifting showed high positive rate of low back pain. CONCLUSION: Low back pain prevention program should be developed on the basis of the confirmed risk factors. These data will be helpful to provide prevention strategy and to promote intervention program for low back pain in airline flight attendants.
Commerce ; Lifting ; Low Back Pain* ; Risk Factors* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical features, microbiologic results, and the efficacy of perineal hygienic care of pediatric vulvovaginitis. METHODS: Forty-two unselected premenarcheal patients with symptoms or signs of vulvovaginitis who were attended the outpatient pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic at Pundang CHA General Hospital from August 1997, to September 1999 were systematically interviewed and examined using a standardized format, studied microbiologically, and followed the efficacy of perineal hygienic measures prospectively. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 4.8 years (range 2.9 years to 10.9 years). Vaginal complaints of 42 patients were discharge(79%), genital pain or irritation(31%), odor(17%), pruritus(14%), and vaginal bleeding(7%). On physical examination, vaginal discharge and vulvar erythema were noted in 17(40%) and 22(52%) patients, respectively. Aerobic bacteria or yeast excluding vaginal normal flora were found in 24 of 42 patients(57%). Convincing evidence of specific pathogens was found in 9 of 42 patients(21%) including one case of pinworm infestation. Isolated pathogens were H. influenza(3), S. pyogenes(2), K. pneumonia(2) and N. gonorrhea(1). No patients were found to have chlamydial infection or trichomoniasis. In 14 patients, risk factors were identified such as swimming(14%), bubble bath(5%), sexual abuse(5%), genital trauma(5%) and foreign body(2%). After two weeks instructions of perineal hygienic care, 26(62%) of 42 patients revealed complete resolution of symptoms and signs of vaginitis without antibiotics. Efficacies of perineal hygienic care were 94%(17/18) in the patients with normal flora alone, 60%(9/15) in the patients with organisms suspected for nonspecific infection and 0%(0/9) in the patients with specific pathogens(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Majority(62%) of the pediatric patients with symptoms or signs of vulvovaginitis were cured with perineal hygienic care alone. And the efficacy of hygienic measure were higher in the patients without specific pathogens(79%, 26/33). Therefore, proper physical examination, microbiologic study and appropriate instructions of perineal hygienic care were more important than empirical antibiotic treatment in initial management of pediatric vulvovaginitis.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; Enterobius ; Erythema ; Gynecology ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vaginitis ; Vulvovaginitis* ; Yeasts

Even though the nonketotic hyperglycemia is a metabolic disorder, it complicates hemic- horea-hemiballism rarely. Moreover, generalized chorea-ballism associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is very rare, so it has not been reported in Korean literature. Although the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms of these disorders are still poorly understood, deficiency of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in nonketotic hyperglycemia or reduced GABAnergic inhibition by striatal lesion may increase inhibitory output to subthalamic nucleus. These result loss of pallidal inhibition and produce contralateral hemichorea-hemiballism. The striatal lesions, such as transient ischemia with reactive astrocytosis or small amount of petechial hemorrhage, are related with changes of magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings presumably. We report a diabetic old woman who developed generalized chorea-ballismus as a very rare complication of nonketotic hyperglycemia. Her brain MRI showed high signal intensity in left lentiform nucleus and right pallidum on T1 weighted images and low signal intensity in bilateral putamen on T2 weighted images with highly enhanced corresponding lesions on T1 weighted enhancement images.
Brain ; Corpus Striatum ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Gliosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia* ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Putamen ; Subthalamic Nucleus

Placenta previa percreta is an uncommon and lifetbreatening complication of pregnancy. tbe incidence of both placenta previa and placenta acaeta are increased in patients with scaned uteri, and patienth with uterine scars and placenta previa are at inaeased risk for also baving placenta accreta. A case of placents previa percreta involving the urinary bladder was experienced and treated with surgical management. We reported a case with concerned literatures
Cicatrix ; Humans ; Incidence ; Placenta Accreta* ; Placenta Previa ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy ; Urinary Bladder* ; Uterus

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the influence of workplace violence on anger and post traumatic stress disorder among nurses. METHODS: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a random sampling. Data collection was done using self-questionnaire with 477 nurses. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi2-test and logistics regression. RESULTS: The incidences of total violence, verbal, physical, and sexual violence were 31.2%, 28.7%, 6.3%, 3.6% of the nurses, respectively. Anger was significantly associated with verbal violence (OR: 2.34, CI: 1.40~3.91) and physical violence (OR:4.85 CI: 1.67~14.13). Post traumatic stress disorder was significantly associated with verbal violence (OR: 15.99, CI: 9.58~26.69) and physical violence (OR: 5.37, CI: 1.66~17.40). CONCLUSION: To promote psychological health in nurses, there is a need to develop prevention programs to decrease workplace violence and to develop programs supporting psychological aspects of verbal violence that nurses experience.
Anger ; Data Collection ; Incidence ; Sex Offenses ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic ; Violence