No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast*

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a bacteriostatic agent, is known to inhibit erythropoiesis leading to anemia. We aimed to investigate the associations of NGAL, anemia, and renal scarring in children with febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 261 children with febrile UTIs. The relationship between the presence of anemia and plasma NGAL levels was investigated. NGAL performance in comparison with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) at admission and after 72 hours of treatment was also evaluated for the prediction of renal scarring as well as acute pyelonephritis (APN) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). RESULTS: Plasma NGAL levels were elevated in patients with anemia compared with those without anemia. Multiple linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between NGAL levels and erythrocyte counts (standard β = −0.397, P < 0.001). Increased NGAL, but not CRP, was independently associated with the presence of anemia (odds ratio [OR], 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–5.27; P < 0.05). Receiver operating curve analyses showed good diagnostic profiles of pre- and post-treatment NGAL for identifying APN, VUR, and renal scarring (all P < 0.05). For detecting renal scars, the area under the curve of post-treatment NGAL (0.730; 95% CI, 0.591–0.843) was higher than that of post-treatment CRP (0.520; 95% CI, 0.395–0.643; P < 0.05). The presence of anemia and elevated NGAL at admission (> 150 ng/mL) were independent risk factors for renal scarring in children with febrile UTIs. With anemia, NGAL levels increased consecutively in children with febrile UTI without renal involvement, with APN without scar, and with APN with renal scarring. CONCLUSION Increased plasma NGAL levels may be associated with the presence of anemia and renal scarring in children with febrile UTIs.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a bacteriostatic agent, is known to inhibit erythropoiesis leading to anemia. We aimed to investigate the associations of NGAL, anemia, and renal scarring in children with febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs).METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 261 children with febrile UTIs. The relationship between the presence of anemia and plasma NGAL levels was investigated. NGAL performance in comparison with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) at admission and after 72 hours of treatment was also evaluated for the prediction of renal scarring as well as acute pyelonephritis (APN) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).RESULTS: Plasma NGAL levels were elevated in patients with anemia compared with those without anemia. Multiple linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between NGAL levels and erythrocyte counts (standard β = −0.397, P < 0.001). Increased NGAL, but not CRP, was independently associated with the presence of anemia (odds ratio [OR], 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–5.27; P < 0.05). Receiver operating curve analyses showed good diagnostic profiles of pre- and post-treatment NGAL for identifying APN, VUR, and renal scarring (all P < 0.05). For detecting renal scars, the area under the curve of post-treatment NGAL (0.730; 95% CI, 0.591–0.843) was higher than that of post-treatment CRP (0.520; 95% CI, 0.395–0.643; P < 0.05). The presence of anemia and elevated NGAL at admission (> 150 ng/mL) were independent risk factors for renal scarring in children with febrile UTIs. With anemia, NGAL levels increased consecutively in children with febrile UTI without renal involvement, with APN without scar, and with APN with renal scarring.CONCLUSION: Increased plasma NGAL levels may be associated with the presence of anemia and renal scarring in children with febrile UTIs.

Leukocytes, when subjected to phagocytic, immunologic or chemical stimuli, are known to exhibit a sequence of morphological and biochemical events which lead to the production of H₂, O₂, O₂⁻, and even OH as well as the secretion of various lysosomal lytic enzymes into the extracellular environments. It was been proposed that some antiinflammatory drugs may exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species or by abrogating the effects of reactive oxygen species ontissue components. In the present study, effects of various quenchers and antiinflammatory drugs were observed on the changes of viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation by oxygen radicals generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Quenching effects of antiinflammatory drugs on reactive oxygen species were also observed with gas chromatography. 1. Decrease of viscosity of hyaluronate and inhibition of collagen gelation by xanthine and xanthine oxidase were inhibited by various quenchers. 2. Several oxygen radical quenchers and antiinflammatory drugs did not affect viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation. 3. Reactive ouygen species generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase affected both viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation with similar pattem. Therefore, in this study quenching effects of antiinflammatory drugs on reactive oxygen species have been examined by observing viscosity changes of hyaluronate. Sodium salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and hydrocortisone affected viscosity changes of hyalumnate by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The pattem of inhibition of hyaluronate degradation by these drugs were comparable to the inhibition produced by OH scavengers and singlet oxygen quencher. 4. To danonstrate the generation of OH ethylene was determined from methional incubated with xanthine and xanthine oxidase according to gas chromatography method. Xanthine and xanthine oxidase produced ethylene fmm methional and the production was inhibited by antiinflammatory drugs. The result obtained in this study suggest that action of antiinflammatory drugs may, to some event, be attributed to their ability to intercept reactive oxygen species in addition to inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandin.
Aspirin ; Chromatography, Gas ; Collagen ; Hydrocortisone ; Indomethacin ; Leukocytes ; Methods ; Oxygen ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Singlet Oxygen ; Sodium Salicylate ; Therapeutic Uses ; Viscosity ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase

Female urethral adenocarcinoma is one of the rare tumors. It has been thought to arise in the paraurethral Skene's gland, the transitional epithelium of proximal urethra or the urethral diverticulum. This is to report a urethral adenocarcinoma developed in a 51 year-old patient who had a past history of suburethral abscess 7 years ago, and to discuss its possible histogenetic origin. The tumor was located in the urethral wall and revealed a centrifugal growth pattern toward the anterior wall of uterus and vagina and an upward extension to the bladder neck. The tumor was composed mostly of well differentiated adenocarcinoma and partly of signet ring cell carcinoma. The urethral and bladder epithelia were well preserved without cancerous or precancerous changes, and there was no urethritis glandularis nor cystitis glandularis. The secretary material of the neoplastic glands was weakly positive for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific acid phosphatase (PSAP). Although the tumor cells themselves were not reactive to PSA and PSAP, the histologic findings suggest that the urethral adenocarcinoma arises in the paraurethral Skene's gland which had probably been the site of abscess in this patient.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

Female urethral adenocarcinoma is one of the rare tumors. It has been thought to arise in the paraurethral Skene's gland, the transitional epithelium of proximal urethra or the urethral diverticulum. This is to report a urethral adenocarcinoma developed in a 51 year-old patient who had a past history of suburethral abscess 7 years ago, and to discuss its possible histogenetic origin. The tumor was located in the urethral wall and revealed a centrifugal growth pattern toward the anterior wall of uterus and vagina and an upward extension to the bladder neck. The tumor was composed mostly of well differentiated adenocarcinoma and partly of signet ring cell carcinoma. The urethral and bladder epithelia were well preserved without cancerous or precancerous changes, and there was no urethritis glandularis nor cystitis glandularis. The secretary material of the neoplastic glands was weakly positive for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific acid phosphatase (PSAP). Although the tumor cells themselves were not reactive to PSA and PSAP, the histologic findings suggest that the urethral adenocarcinoma arises in the paraurethral Skene's gland which had probably been the site of abscess in this patient.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to compare health value cognition and health promotion behavior compliance between healthy group and not being healthy group, and to evaluate the difference of health promotion behaviors compliance between high group and low group in health value cognition. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 565 workers, 233 healthy workers, 172 observation cases and 160 disease cases, selected from 4,919 transit coporations workers. RESULTS: In health promoting behavior compliance, not being healthy group showed lower level than healthy group in exercise and showed higher level than healthy group in interpersonal support significantly. A worker who replied on health as the most value in life was consisted in 37.3% of healthy group and 36. 1% of not being healthy group, Health value cognition according to general characteristics showed no significant difference except only variable of age in healthy group. Health promoting behavior compliance according to cognition of health value showed in healthy group that a high level group of health value cognition was more significant difference than a low level group in self actualization and health responsibility of health promoting behavior and didn't show difference significantly in not being healthy group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the relationship between health value cognition, health promotion behavior compliance and periodic health examination results showed weakly. Therefore, in order to develop and apply spontaneous health promotion program, it was considered that should emphasize compliance than cognition.
Cognition* ; Compliance ; Health Promotion*

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Blastoma*

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the values of serum lipids with hypertension and ischemic heart diseases. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured from 231 cases of hypertension, 23 cases of angina pectoris, 18 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 67 healthy adults together with normal value as controls. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean values of serum lipids in healthy adults were 111.0+/-41.3mg% for triglyceride, 171.2+/-33.5mg% for cholesterol, 175.1+/-36.3mg% for phospholipid, 479.9+/-82.6mg% for total lipid. The values of serum lipoproteins were 219.8+/-46.8mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 93.4+/-53.8mg% for pre beta-lipoprotein and 164.1+/-40.8mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. The values of cholesterol, triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein were gradually increased with aging. 2. The mean values of serum lipids in patients with hypertension were 176.3+/-94.5mg% for triglyceride, 199.7+/-36.9mg% for cholesterol, 207.8+/-38.0mg% for phospholipid, 601.9+/-139.9mg% for total lipid. The values of serum lipoproteins were 266.0+/-73.5mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 147.7+/-89.5mg% for pre-beta-lipoprotein and 187.7+/-56.7mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. The serum lipid values in patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. 3. The mean values of serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with angina pectoris were significantly higher than in healthy controls. 4. The serum lipid values in general were higher rather in patients with acute myocardial infarction than healthy controls, but the values of serum phospholipid, pre-beta-lipoprotein and alpha-lipoprotein in them were not significantly higher than those in healthy controls. 5. The values of serum HDL-cholesterol in patients with hypertension, anginal pectoris and acute myocardial infarction were lower than those in healthy controls. The values of serum HDL-cholesterol in all cases were in general higher rather in femal than male.
Adult ; Aging ; Angina Pectoris ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Reference Values ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: Ascorbic acid has been reported to have an adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, while evidence also suggests that ascorbic acid reduces body weight in humans. In this study, we tested the effects of ascorbic acid on adipogenesis and the balance of lipid accumulation in ovariectomized rats, in addition to long-term culture of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Murine 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and ovariectomized rats were treated with ascorbic acid at various time points. In vitro adipogenesis was analyzed by Oil Red O staining, and in vivo body fat was measured by a body composition analyzer using nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS: When ascorbic acid was applied during an early time point in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in rats, adipogenesis and fat mass gain significantly increased, respectively. However, lipid accumulation in well-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed a significant reduction when ascorbic acid was applied after differentiation (10 days after induction). Also, oral ascorbic acid administration 4 weeks after OVX in rats significantly reduced both body weight and subcutaneous fat layer. In comparison to the results of ascorbic acid, which is a well-known cofactor for an enzyme of collagen synthesis, and the antioxidant ramalin, a potent antioxidant but not a cofactor, showed only a lipolytic effect in well-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, not an adipogenic effect. CONCLUSION: Taking these results into account, we concluded that ascorbic acid has both an adipogenic effect as a cofactor of an enzymatic process and a lipolytic effect as an antioxidant.
3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes/drug effects ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipogenesis/drug effects ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Body Composition/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Female ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Lipolysis/drug effects ; Mice ; Ovariectomy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley