BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation(UVE) nduces photoaging characterized by dry, deeply wrinkled, inelastic, leathery, and irregulaity pigmented skin. UVR also induces solar keratosis and carcinoma, and is a contributing factor in melanoma. Sunscreens are used to prevent solar damage to skin and, if used on a daily lass should significantly reduce the incidence of the chronie photodamaging events. OBJECTIVE: We tried to evaulate the photoaging effects of UVR in the skin and the photoprotective effect of sunscreens. METHOD: We examined the gross and microscopic changes skin of albino hairless Skh : HR-1 mice exposed chronically to ultraviolet B(UVB) and suncreen-treated mice. RESULTS: The skin of the UVB-irradiated mouse shows chear, cteristic signs of photoaging, such as deep wrinkles across the back, and thickened and a hery skin. Histologically, the photoaged skin shows increased epidermal thickness, numeross fibroblasts and inflammatory cell infiltration in the upper dermis, and many enlarged keratering cysts in the lower dermis. By the 20th week, seven of the total of 9 mice(78%) in UVB irradiated mice developed at least one tumor. Histologically, the tumor is a papilloma, but the he are many dyskeratotic cells and loss of polarity in epidermis. Octyl methoxycinnamate or TiO ZnO Talc-treated mic show a significantly decreased wrinkling score, mimmal epidermal hyperplasia, slightly increased dermal cellularity, and lack of proliferation of cysts. The octyl dimethyl PABA-treatd mice shows significantly increased wrinkling score and marked inflammatory infiltration dermis. By the 20th week, only one mouse had developed a tumor in the octyl methoxy irmamate-treated group and no evidence of tumor was seen in the TiO ZnO Talc-treated group. In the octyl dimethyl PABA-treated group, five of 7 mice(71%) developed at least one tumor. CONCLUSION: The skin which is chronically exposed to UVB is subject to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis and regular use of an adequate sunscreen would prevent these photodamaging effects of UVB.
Animals ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Fibroblasts ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Keratosis ; Melanoma ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Papilloma ; Skin* ; Sunscreening Agents*

BACKGROUND: We compared factors associated with self-reported depression and, in particular, diagnosis and treatment of depressive symptoms in Korean adults. METHODS: The sample included 13,306 adults aged 19 years or older from the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). Data were applied to the chi2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The following characteristics of individuals are significantly associated with self-reported depression: female (vs. male, OR [odds ratio]=3.35), ages 50-59 years (vs. 60+, OR=1.45), economic status (low vs. high, OR=1.35; middle-low vs. high OR=1.29), unemployed (vs. employed, OR=1.23), education (elementary vs. college, OR=1.18; middle school vs. college, OR=1.27; vs. high school vs. college, OR=1.18), current smoking (vs. no, OR=1.19), high-risk alcohol consumption (vs. no, OR=1.18), perceived health (good vs. very good/excellent, OR=1.156; poor/fair vs. very good/excellent, OR=2.65), chronic disease (vs. no, OR=1.26), activity limitation due to health problems (vs. no, OR=1.74), and being in a sickbed during the past month (vs. not in a sickbed, OR=1.69). Living in a metropolitan area (vs. rural, OR=1.40) is significantly associated with greater odds of being diagnosed with depression. The odds of being treated for depression are lower for female (vs. male, OR=0.53). Greater odds of being treated for depression was seen for those with chronic conditions (vs. no, OR=1.73) and activity limitation due to health problems (vs. no, OR=2.05), as well as, those in a sickbed (vs. not, OR=1.88). CONCLUSIONS: Applying our findings, policy makers should address the lower rates of depression diagnosed in non-metropolitan areas to reduce regional variations, and also promote treatment in females.
Administrative Personnel ; Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Chronic Disease ; Depression* ; Diagnosis* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Choledochal Cyst*

We present a case of carcinoma erysipelatoides which or iginated from an internal organ. The patient was a 50 year-old female who had peritoneal carcinomatosis, She presented an erythematous lesion resembling erysipelas on her right breast. Histopathologic findings were consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma but clinically it was not associated with carcinoma of the breast.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast ; Carcinoma ; Erysipelas ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

We investigated elementary school students' knowledge, behavior, experience and preference of education method related to food safety in order to provide basic information for food safety educational program. A survey study was conducted with 569, fourth and sixth grade students, from two schools in Seoul and Ulsan. Students were asked thirty-two questions regarding food safety knowledge, behavior and experiences as well as their attitude to food safety class and preference for teaching method. The data was analyzed for the frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation using the SPSS/Windows. Results indicated that 91.9 percent of the respondents did not know what unsanitary food is. 67 percent of the respondents did not know the proper method of hand washing. Although the students' level of knowledge and behavior associated with food safety was low, there was meaningful correlation(r =.184, p<.01) between knowledge and behavior. Surprisingly, students in higher grade did not demonstrate an exceeding food safety knowledge and behavior. More than 50 percent of the subjects did not have food safety education either at home or school. 60 percent of the respondents interested in food safety and the majority recognized that a food safety education is needed. Students want to learn about unsanitary food(34.1%), foodborne illness(29.7%), food selection and storage method(21.3%), and personal hygiene(11.2%) through game, role play, and practice in real situation. These results suggest that development of food safety education program is needed through the elementary school year and the education program must include fun activities in which students can participate.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education* ; Food Preferences ; Food Safety* ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Seoul ; Teaching ; Ulsan

The term pseudolymphoma is not specific, and a variety of infl; m atory reactions may simulate clinically and histopat,hologically a cutaneous malignant lymphomas udolymphoma induced by drug therapies, especially anticonvulsants, have been reportecl. These pseidayrnphornas most commonly appear as single lesions. Characteristically, few localized lesions disappear after discontinuing therapy with the offending drug. Multiple and generalized tumors are very rate. We report a case of generalized cutaneous pseudolymphoma assocated with phenytoin therapy in a 52-year old male patient.
Anticonvulsants ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenytoin* ; Pseudolymphoma*

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by thunderclap headache with reversible vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries. RCVS has been reported to occur in various clinical settings. However, RCVS triggered by blood transfusion is rare. A 50-year-old woman had severe anemia and received multiple blood transfusions. She developed thunderclap headache after transfusion. Cerebral artery vasoconstrictions were demonstrated by magnetic resonance angiography and transfemoral cerebral angiography. RCVS might be triggered by red blood cell transfusion in patients with severe anemia.

One adverse effect of PUVA therapy is the development of severe dermatitis. Only a few cases of photoallergy to psoralens during PUVA therapy have been reported. We describe herein a patient with photoallergic dermatitis induced by PUVA with 8-methoxypsoralen(8-MOP). A 38-year old woman with generalized vitiligo had acute pruritic exanthematous maculopapular lesions in the treated areas after PUVA therapy with 8-MOP. A patch test and photopatch test were performed with 8-MOP, 5-MOP, and 4,5,8-trimethylpsoralen(TMP). The patch test carried out with these psoralen derivatives were all negative, but the photopatch test showed a positive reaction to 8-MOP. The patient consequently had PUVA therapy with 5-MOP and she had no further experience of a photoallergic reaction.
Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Photoallergic* ; Female ; Ficusin ; Furocoumarins ; Humans ; Methoxsalen* ; Patch Tests ; PUVA Therapy ; Vitiligo

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Blood Donors* ; Chemistry* ; Chlamydia* ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae* ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Prevalence*

The gene encoding the 66 kilodalton (kDa) protein of Borrelia hermsii HS1 was cloned and sequenced. Chromosomal DNA was prepared from purified B. hermsii and used in construction of genomic library. The library was screened for positive clones by 314 bp DIG-labeled probe synthesized on the basis of the part of the sequence of B. hermsii. Positive clone was subcloned into p2ErO vector and was designated as pBH11. pBH11 were subcloned into pBluscript vector and were designated as pBH11-1 (500 bp), pBH11-2 (800 bp), pBH11-3 (600 bp) and pBH11-4 (800 bp). The plasmids were sequenced and determined the nucleotide sequence of p66. The open reading frame of the p66 consisted of 1803 base pairs coding for 600 amino acid protein. The basic information on the p66 gene of B. hermsii HS1 obtained from this study will be useful for further analysis and experiment of pathogenesis of the borrelia.
Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Borrelia* ; Clinical Coding ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA ; Genomic Library ; Open Reading Frames ; Plasmids