A series of 38 pediatric stone patients was studied retrospectively according to the clinical patterns of urolithiasis, etiology of stone disease, and management. The idiopathic cause was the most common of stone formation in the children. The most common type of stone in analysis was calcium oxalate. Thus, the etiology of stone disease and composition of stone was not definitely different in comparison with adult stone disease. We treated almost of stone patients with ESWL and peration was done in case of EWSL failure. And ESWL is the most effective and safe treatment of pediatric urolithiasis at present time. But anesthesia is needed to perform ESWL, especially younger children.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Calcium Oxalate ; Child ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Urolithiasis*

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cyanosis*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to predict spontaneous labor onset delivery within 7 days in low risk pregnant women at 38 weeks' of gestation by ultrasonographic examination of cervical changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 110 singleton low risk pregnancies between 37(+0) and 37(+6) weeks of gestation. Fifteen cases were lost during follow-up and finally 95 pregnant women (58 nulliparous, 37 multiparous) were analysed. The study period was from Oct/2005 to May/2007. Four cervical changes (length, gland thickness, funneling and canal formation) were evaluated. Main outcome was remaining day to delivery after the examination. Remaining days to actual delivery with spontaneous labor onset were recorded and the pregnancies were divided into two groups according to remaining days (within 7 days, over 7 days) to compare predicting power of delivery within 7 days. ROC curves were drawn to find out cut-off values of cervical length and gland thickness. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were extracted from four cervical changes. RESULTS: Mean cervical length of pregnant women at 38 weeks' of gestation was 25.8 (+/-10.0) mm and mean cervical gland thickness was 4.3 (+/-1.2) mm. Funnelings of uterine cervix were detected in 13 cases (13.7%), canal formations in 6 cases (6.3%). All four cervical changes were statistically valuable to predict delivery within 7 days and the cervical length showed highest sensitivity. When the cervical length was measured under 20 mm, the possibility of delivery within 7 days was 78.6% (p<0.001). The cervical gland thickness less than 4 mm could predict the delivery within 7 days with sensitivity of 57.1% (p<0.01). Sensitivities of funneling and canal formation for delivery within 7 days were 54.5%, 36.4% each. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographic examination of the cervical changes in low risk singleton pregnancy at 38 weeks' of gestation are valuable for predicting spontaneous labor onset delivery within 7 days. Among four cervical changes, cervical length is most sensitive ultrasonographic marker.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Labor Onset ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Renal cyst is a common renal disease. It rarely produces symptoms, and thus rarely require treatment. But the treatment is necessary when the cyst is symptomatic or complicated. The possible approach includes surgical unroofing or cyst puncture with or without intracystic injection of sclerosing agents. Thus we evaluated the efficacies of treatments in renal cystic disease. Cystic diseases were treated with percutaneous aspiration in 18 cases, percutaneous aspiration with sclerosing therapy in 26 cases. Overall efficacies were 22.2% with aspiration only and 95% with combined sclerosing therapy without no specific complications. Sclerosing therapy is relatively safe, less hazardous to the patient and shows high success rate in the treatment of cyst. We concluded that combined percutaneous cystic aspiration and sclerosing therapy was the best treatment of renal cystic disease. We assessed cystic fluid of 34 cases of simple renal cyst and 3 cases of polycystic kidney. The cystic fluid were analyzed for color, lipid profile, glucose, lactic acid dehydrogenase, amylase, electrolytes, culture and cell cytology. All aspirates of simple cyst were similar to composition of transudate. But aspirates of polycystic kidney were different from simple cyst.
Amylases ; Electrolytes ; Exudates and Transudates ; Glucose ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Oxidoreductases ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Punctures ; Sclerosing Solutions ; Sclerotherapy

Pre-surgical and post-surgical change in adult clef lip and palate patient following Le Fort I advancement osteotomy combined with bone graft was evaluated clinically and cephalometically. We obtained a successful function and esthetic improvement. The bone graft of alveolo-palatal clefts provides a stable bone support to the adjacent teeth of the cleft area, and well union of adjacent bone tissue, the closure of oronasal fistula and improvement of speech problem. Le Fort I osteotomy following the ostectomy of nasal septum for advancement of the maxilla was obtained relative improvement of esthetics and functional occlusion. 1. The orthodontic correction was required before and after surgery. 2. In this case, there was a limited range of anterior advancement of the Premaxillary-segment due to the scar tissue. 3. After 8 months of operation, we could show the new bone deposition on the cleft sites in dental radiograph and then the prosthetic treatment to the missing teeth was done.
Adult ; Bone and Bones ; Cicatrix ; Esthetics ; Fistula ; Humans ; Lip ; Maxilla ; Nasal Septum ; Osteotomy ; Palate ; Tooth ; Transplants

PURPOSE: In this study we demonstrate effect of selective nicotinic agonist, ABT-594 on voiding in spinal cord injury rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spinal cord injury rat was made by complete resection of the spinal cord(T8~9) and checked cystometry three weeks after injury. In female Sprague-Dawley awake rats, an intravesical catheter was inserted through the bladder dome and intravenous catheter was inserted to right jugular vein. After the surgery, cystometry was performed by infusing saline into the bladder(0.08 ml/min). Cumulative doses of ABT-594 (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 ug/kg) were injected intravenously in spinal cord injury rat at 1 hour intervals. RESULTS: All dose(0.01~10 ug/kg) of ABT-594 did not affect the intercontraction interval(ICI), maximal voiding pressure(MVP), and pressure threshold(PT), and from voiding contraction to non-voiding contraction(from VC to NVC), voiding volume(VV), residual volume(RV). But moderate dose(1 ug) of ABT-594 significantly decreased number of non-voiding contraction(55.6+/-13.7% of control)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These result suggest that the nicotinic agonist ABT-594 might in part affect voiding function through stimulation of serotonergic nerve to lumbosacral level in spinal cord injury rat.
Animals ; Catheters ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Nicotinic Agonists* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Humans ; Transplants*

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cancer in the digestive system based on survey of domestic cancer incidence, and the ratio of elderly aged 65 or older is expected to rise steadily, leading to a higher incidence of total hepatocellular carcinoma. The most important thing in treating these older patients with HCC is to assess the benefits and risks of the treatment in advance. In other words, the benefit of treatment should be greater than the reduction of survival period or maladjustment due to treatment. Based on these perspectives, we examined how the detailed treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma differs from that of general treatment in elderly patients. In conclusion, older age was not a definite prognostic factor of survival risk-benefit comparison in the most treatment modalities. However it should be carefully considered and approached about possible complications in treating HCC in elderly patients.
Aged ; Aging ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Digestive System ; Humans ; Incidence ; Risk Assessment

PURPOSE: To establish a new therapeutic strategy for proliferative vitreoretinopathhy (PVR), we examined the effect of combined treatment with HDAC inhibitor SAHA and proteasome inhibitor lactacystin in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, ARPE-19. METHODS: Viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry. Proteasome activity was measured by fluorophotometry. The expression and degradation of apoptosis-related proteins were assesssed by Western blotting. Subcellular location of apoptosis-related factors was monitored by confocal miscroscopy. RESULTS: A single treatment with 5 micro M SAHA or 10 micro M lactacystin did not reduce cell viability. However, combination treatment with 5 micro M SAHA and 10 micro M lactacystin substantially reduced the viability, because the mixture induced the reduction of MMP and nuclear condensation or fragmentation. Moreover, the combination treatment triggered the activation of caspase-3 and the production of PARP cleavage products. These data indicate that the combination treatment efficiently induces apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. However, co-treatment of SAHA did not augment the proteasome inhibitory activity of lactacystin, nor did co-treatment of lactacystin augment acetylation of histones. It is notable that while p53 and CAD were observed in the mitochondria of cells treated with SAHA, they were translocated into the nucleus after the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the combination treatment of SAHA and lactacystin effectively induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Further work is warranted to develop this combination therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy for PVR.
Acetylation ; Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Survival ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorophotometry ; Histones ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteasome Inhibitors ; Retinaldehyde ; Trypan Blue

OBJECTIVE: Cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interaction are crucial in tumor development and progression. Tight junction proteins such as claudins and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) play an important role in these processes. This study was performed to investigate the difference of expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: The expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 78 cervical tissue specimens (LSIL 22 case, HSIL 36 case, and ISCC 20 case). RESULTS: Claudin-1 expression was positive in 40.9% of LSIL, in 94.0% of HSIL and in 20.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.0001). Claudin-4 expression was positive in 31.8% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL and in 25.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-4 was high in HSIL, but it was not statistically different. ZO-1 expression was positive in 13.6% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL, and in 25.5% of ISCC. The expression of ZO-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: These results indicate increased expressions of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in the HSIL that includes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3, which decrease during progression to cervical cancer.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Cervix Uteri ; Claudin-1* ; Claudin-4* ; Claudins ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Tight Junction Proteins ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms