No abstract available.
Thrombosis* ; Veins*

With the recent advancement of antenatal intensive care and facilities for neonatal intensive care, the survival rate of preterm infants including extremely low birth weight infants has been significantly improved. Despite without structural disruption of the brain, the altered brain development might drive preterm infants to be prone to every neurodevelopmental disorder including cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, language delays, behavioral disorders, and executive function deficit in school age. Many studies reported that preterm children had long-term inferiority among peers in the area of cognitive and academic performance. Follow-up studies of neurodevelopmental outcome in children born prematurely deserve clinical attention, not only to decrease morbidity related prematurity but also to achieve high quality of life of preterm infants. Recent studies have been focused on the cognitive and language outcome of preterm infants. The aim of this article was to clarify the impact and consequences of preterm birth and/or very low birthweight without major disabilities on brain development throughout childhood, focusing on cognition and language function.
Brain ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Cognition* ; Executive Function ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Language Development Disorders ; Premature Birth ; Quality of Life ; Survival Rate ; Critical Care

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by connective tissue defects resulting in bone fragility, blue sclera, impaired hearing, defective dentition, and hyperlaxibility of the joints. The overall incidence of osteogenesis imperfecta is estimated at 1/25,000. We recently experienced a case of osteogenesis imperfecta type II diagnosed in uterus by ultrasonogram and confirmed after termination of pregnancy and autopsy. We report a case here with a brief review of the literature.
Autopsy ; Connective Tissue ; Dentition ; Diagnosis* ; Hearing ; Incidence ; Joints ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis* ; Pregnancy ; Sclera ; Ultrasonography* ; Uterus*

The prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida includes the combined use of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening and fetal sonography. On ultrasonogram, spina bifida is characterizd by visualization of the spinal defect and associated cranial abnomalities: the Lemon sign, the Banana sign, ventriculomegaly, small biparietal diameter, and obliteration of the cisterna magna. We should now be able to rely on ultrasound as the main technique for diagnosis of spina bifida when MSAFP is elevated. Recently, we have experienced three cases of spina bifida diagnosed with meningomyelocele, lemon sign, banana sign and ventriculomegaly on ultrasonogram at respectively 18+3, 18, and 18+6 weeks of gestation. We present these cases with a brief review of literatures.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Cisterna Magna ; Diagnosis ; Mass Screening ; Meningomyelocele ; Musa ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Spinal Dysraphism* ; Ultrasonography*

The common errors in preoperative treatment plan for the orthognathic surgery can be occurred during cast impression, cast mounting procedure with face-bow transfer, surgical stent fabrication, and so on. One of the most common errors exists during mounting process of the model on the articulator. Accurate mounting of dental casts to articulator should be achieved by transferring the 3- dimensional spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to an articulator. A face-bow is used for transfer this relationship to articulator, usually by relating the face-bow to a plane of reference of maxillary cast. The purpose of this study is evaluation of the accuracy of face-bow transferring of maxillary model to the articulator. The maxillary casts of thirty patients for orthognathic surgery were mounted on articulator with an face-bow instrument. The relationship of occlusal plane angle to Frankfort horizontal plane relations were compared the cephalogram with the cast-mounted articulator. As a result of this study, the significant difference between the maxillary occlusal planes angle in the cephalogram and articulator were found . The results were followed,1. The mean occlusal plane angle in cast-mounted articulator was 13.5.(SD+/-5.4).2. The mean occlusal plane angle in cephalogram was 10.4.(SD+/-4.3).3. The mean difference of occlusal plane angle between cast-mounted articulator and cephalogram was 3.3.(SD+/-4.6).According to the result, we should suggest that the occlusal plane angle to Frankfort plane in cast-mounted articulator is more steeper than that of cephalogram.And then, maxillofacial surgeon should try to get a more predictable result by suggesting the proper correction method and mounting the cast accurately.
Dental Articulators ; Dental Occlusion* ; Humans ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Stents

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clinical practice and simulation-based practice for obstetrical nursing in terms of self-efficacy, practice satisfaction, and practice stress. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group post test design was used. The participants were 171 junior nursing students, 103 in the experimental group, and 68 in the control group. Simulation-based practice consisted of nursing assessment during labor, nursing assessment and intervention for normal and high risk mother, nursing education for mother and family during labor, and open lab. The experimental group participated in simulation-based practice for two days and the control group participated in clinical practice at delivery room for two weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher level of self-efficacy (p=.043), practice satisfaction (p<.001) and practice stress (p=.003) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Simulation-based practice is an effective learning method for obstetrical nursing and can be used as the alternative for clinical practice. However, stress management strategies are needed for simulation-based practice.
Delivery Rooms ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Mothers ; Nursing Assessment ; Obstetrical Nursing ; Personal Satisfaction ; Pyridines ; Students, Nursing ; Thiazoles

The purpose of this study was to verify the dietitian's job description(2000) for dietitians working at schools. The survey was carried out for the frequency, criticality and difficulty of each job description with 4 point scales. The number of subject was 125 dietitians, who have been working over 3 years at their position. The results are following ; 1. Duties with high frequency and criticality were menu managements, purchasing, storage and inventory controls, food productions, meal services, managing equipments and facility, waste managements, sanitation managements and self promotions. 2. Duties with middle frequency and high criticality were human resources managements and financial managements. 3. Duties with low frequency and high criticality were nutrition assessment (life cycles, certain diseases, specific condition), medical nutritional theraphy, nutrition education and public health nutrition. 4. For difficulty, duties related food service had lower points than that of nutrition service.
Education ; Food Services ; Humans ; Job Description* ; Meals ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritionists ; Public Health ; Sanitation ; Waste Management ; Weights and Measures

The purpose of this study was to verify the dietitian's job description(2000) for dietitians working at hospitals. The survey was carried out for the frequency, criticality and difficulty of each job description with 4 point scales. The subject was 62 dietitians, who have been working over 3 years at their position. The results are following ; 1. Duties with high frequency and criticality were menu managements, food productions, meal services and self promotions. 2. Duties with middle frequency and high criticality in food service area were purchasing, storage and inventory controls, waste managements, sanitation managements, managing equipments and facility, human resources managements and financial managements. 3. Duties with middle frequency and high criticality in nutrition service area were nutrition assessment (life cycles, certain diseases, specific condition), medical nutritional theraphy and nutrition education. 4. For difficulty, duties related nutrition service had higher points than that of food service.
Education ; Food Services ; Humans ; Job Description* ; Meals ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritionists ; Sanitation ; Waste Management ; Weights and Measures

The purpose of this study was to verify the dietitian's job description(2000) for dietitians working at business and industry foodservice. The survey was carried out for the frequency, criticality and difficulty of each job description with 4 point. The number of subject was 39 dietitians, who have been working over 3 years at their position. The results are following ; 1. Duties with high frequency and criticality were menu managements, purchasing, storage and inventory controls, food productions, meal services, waste managements and sanitation managements. 2. Duties with middle frequency and high criticality were managing equipments and facility, human resources managements, financial managements, self promotions. 3. Duties with low frequency and high criticality were nutrition assessment (life cycles, certain diseases, specific conditions), medical nutritional theraphy, nutrition education and public health nutrition. 4. For difficulty, duties related food service had lower points than that of nutrition service.
Commerce* ; Education ; Food Services ; Humans ; Job Description* ; Meals ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritionists ; Public Health ; Sanitation ; Waste Management

PURPOSE: This study aims to develop a self-reflection program for nurses who have experienced the death of pediatric patients in the intensive care unit and to evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: The self-reflection program was developed by means of the following four steps: establishment of the goal through investigation of an initial request, drawing up the program, preliminary research, and implementation and improvement of the program. The study employed a methodological triangulation to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Participants were 38 nurses who had experienced the death of pediatric patients (experimental group=15, control group=23); they were recruited using convenience sampling. The self-reflection program was provided over 6 weeks (6 sessions). Data were collected from April to August, 2014 and analyzed using t-tests and content analysis. RESULTS: The quantitative results showed that changes in personal growth (t=-6.33, p<.001) and burnout scores (z=-2.76, p=.005) were better in the experimental group compared to the control group. The qualitative results exhibited two themes, namely “personal growth” and “professional growth”, and ten sub-themes. CONCLUSION: The self-reflection program developed by this study was effective in helping nurses who had experienced the death of pediatric patients to achieve personal growth through self-reflection, and it was confirmed that the program can be applied in a realistic clinical nursing setting. Furthermore, it can be recommended as an intervention program for clinical nurses.
Critical Care* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Nursing ; Program Development