The effects of BCG and vitamin A acetate, either alone or in combination were studied on rats with bladder tumors induced by N-butyl -N-(4 -hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. Therapy was started at week 12 and all rats were sacrificed at week 20. Vitamin A acetate therapy significantly reduced the mean number of tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer. The combination of vitamin A acetate and intraperitoneal BCG therapy, more effectively reduced the mean number of bladder tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer than vitamin A acetate therapy alone did. BCG therapy also significantly reduced the mean number of tumors and the incidence of bladder cancer. The difference between the effect of intraperitoneal BCG injection and that of intravesical BCG was not statistically significant. The combination therapy of BCG and vitamin A acetate more effectively reduced the mean number or tumors than BCG therapy along did. The incidence of bladder cancer was also reduced though the statistical significance was not definite (p =0.07). The above results suggest that vitamin A acetate and BCG therapy after initiation of precancerous lesions, alter favorably the course of the experimental bladder cancers in rats and the combination of the two does more effectively.
Animals ; Bacillus* ; Incidence ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is correlation between serum concentrations of lipoproteins (VLDL, HDL, LDL) and development of preedampsia. METHODS: The authors measured serum concentrations of lipoproteins(VLDL, HDL, LDL) and lipids(which are major components of lipoproteins) in 12 preeclamptic women admitted to Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University from March 1999 to August 1999 and 12 normal pregnant women matched in age, weight, parity and gestational age. RESULTS: The first, the values of median and range of VLDL are higher in preeclamptic women than in normal pregnant women(preeclamptic women : 244mg/dL & 124-521mg/dL, normal pregnant women : 149mg/dL & 68-308mg/dL, p=0.0005). But there are no difierences in serum concentrations of HDL(high-density lipoprotein) and LDL(low-density lipoprotein) between two groups. The second, the values of median and range of triglyceride and free fatty acids are higher in preedamptic women than in normal pregnant women(preeclamptic women : triglycerides : 305.5mg/dL & 231-545mg/dL, free fatty acids : 1,333mmol/L & 842- 1523mmol/L, normal pregnant women,: triglycerides : 239mg/dL & 151-414mg/dL, free fatty acids : 806.5mmol/L & 314-1517mmol/L, p=0.019 in triglycerides and p=0.033 in free Fatty acids). But the serum concentrations of cholesterol are similar in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of this study showed the serum concentrations of VLDL, triglycerides and free fatty acids are significantly higher in preeclamptic women than in normal pregnant women. So, the high serum concentration of VLDL is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In the next study, the prospective analysis will be necessary to identify whether serum concentration of VLDL is abnormaUy high in early gestational pregnant women who are destined to preeclamsia. Also, the measurement of pI 5.6 isoelectric form of albumin which is suggested to prevent VLDL toxicity will be necessary.
Cholesterol ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Lipoproteins* ; Parity ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnant Women ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there is correlation between serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and development of preeclampsia. METHODS: The authors measured serum concentrations of VEGF in 18 preeclamptic women admitted to Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University from February 1999 to September 1999 and in 18 normotensive pregnant women matched in maternal age, maternal body weight, parity and gestational age. VEGF was measured with a sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: VEGF was detected in all pregnant women. The results of this study showed that the serum concentrations of VEGF are significantly higher in the preeclamptic women than in the normotensive pregnant women. The values of median and range of VEGF are 7.74 ng/ml and 0.5-35.94 ng/ml in the preeclamptic women, and 0.5 ng/ml and 0.5-2.16 ng/ml in the normotensive pregnant women, respectively. There is significant difference in serum concentrations of VEGF between two groups(p<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Positive correlations were noted between VEGF concentraions and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure(Systolic BP: r2=0.688, Diastolic BP: r2=0.722, Spearman rank test). CONCLUSION: The high serum concentration of VEGF is thought to be important in the development or pathophysiologic mechanism of preeclampsia. In the next study, the prospective analysis will be necessary to identify whether serum concentration of VEGF is abnormally high in early gestational pregnant women who are destined to preeclampsia.
Body Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnant Women ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

Several techniques are now avallable for the treatment of fractuers of the shaft of the femur. We must be aware of the advantages, disadvantages and Ilmitation of each if we are to select the proper treatment for each patient. During last decades treatment had been varied markedly from time to time and from place to place. Before Word War II, most fractures of the femoral shaft were treated conservatively either by skeletal traction or by manipulation and immobilization in a spica cast. After medullary fixation was Introduced during that war, it became popular, and until 1960 many surgeons considered it as the treatment of choice for most of these fractures. If the case is properly selected the medullary fixation is almost perfect, provlded no complications develop; convalescence can be shortened and resldual disability can be decreased. We had experienced 14 complications among the 78 cases of Kuntscher nailing from may, 1974, to May, 1980. The results are as follows: 1. We operated 78 cases with Kuntscher nail among the 121 femoral shaft fractures. 2. 14 (17.95%) complications developed among the 78 cases of the Kuntscher nailing. 3. Technical errors were incarcerated nailing with thick nail, too long nail and thin nailing. 4. Early postoperative complications within a year were infection, bendlng, bursitis, angulation and rotation. 5. Late complications after one year were proximal or distal migration and refracture.
Bursitis ; Convalescence ; Femur ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgeons ; Traction

PURPOSE: In patient with blunt trauma of chest, supine AP x-ray cannot differenciate the lung contusion, laceration, atelectasis, and hemothorax definitely. Therefore, computed tomographic evaluation is needed for accurate evaluation of the injuries. In our knowledge, there are few reports about CT findings of blunt chest trauma, in our country, therefore we tried to fiud the characteristic CT findings in patients with blunt trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the plain x-ray and CT image of 4 patient with blunt chest trauma. Location and morphology of lung parenchymal contusion and laceration, hemopneumothorax, chest wall injuries and location of chest tube. RESULTS: Lung parenchymal contusion was noted in 53 segments. of 16 patiants'infiltration(n=27 segment), and multiple nodular pattern was noted in 15 segment, pattern of consolidation along the lung periphery was seen in 11 segment. Laceration was noted in 18 lesion and most commonly located in paravertebral area(b=8). CONCLUSION: CT scan of chest in patient with blunt chest trauma, provides accurate informations of the pattern of injuries, and localization, therefore, should be performed as po9ssible.
Chest Tubes ; Contusions ; Hemopneumothorax ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Lung ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Amlodipine* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Doxazosin* ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Lovastatin*

Subtrochanteric fracture of the femur is more difficult to treat than other bone fracture. Subtrochanteric fracture occurs in bone that is predominently cortical and biomechanical analyeis of stress in the femur ahowed that there is a high concentration of stress in the subtrochanteric region. These two factors, involvement of cortical bone tissue and concentration of stress, frequently have been mentioned as reasons for the high incidence of complications in the treatment of these fractures. The authors treated 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture of the femur in 1974 through 1981, at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang College. The results were as follows: 1. Of 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture, 15 cases occurred in man, 8 cases in woman. 2. The most common cause of fracture was due to traffic accident. 3. Of 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture, 9 cases were type lI, and 7 cases were type I & II by Fielding's classification. 4. 19 cases out of 23 were treated by means of the open reduction and internal fixation. As the internal fixation material, we used Kuntscher nail, Smith-Peterson and Thornton plate, Compression hip screw and plate until December 1978, and Zickel nail from January 1979. 5. The mean duration of bony union in subtrochanteric fracture treated by Zickel nail was shorter than the other implants. The incidence of complications such as coxa vara, delayed union, metal breakage occurred higher in the cases treated by Kuntscher nail, Smith-Peterson nail and Thornton plate, Campression hip screw and plate. 6. Zickel nail is one of the good implant for the treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of the femur.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bone and Bones ; Classification ; Coxa Vara ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Bone ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence

Urodynamic studies were performed pre- and post-operatively in 21 cases of bladder outlet obstruction patients who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital, during the period from March, 1982 to August, 1983. The following results were obtained. 1. Pre-operative maximum flow rates were below 15ml/sec in 20 cases and post-operative maximum flow rates were above 15ml/sec in 16 cases. 2. The pre-operative cystometric findings showed hyper-reflexia patterns in 7 cases(33%). Postoperatively hyper-reflexia patterns were disappeared in 4 cases of these cases. 3. The mean pre-operative prostatic urethral length was 5.9cm with prostatic plateau and the mean postoperative prostatic urethral length was 1.9cm without prostatic plateau. 4. In 3 cases of post-prostatectomy patients who had incontinence, urethral pressure profilometry and cystometry revealed normal maximum closing pressure and hyper-reflexia. 5. 8 patients with bladder neck contracture were treated by transurethral resection. Post-operative maximum flow rates were increased in all of these cases. In 5 cases, the maximum flow rates were above 15ml/sec.
Contracture ; Humans ; Neck ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urodynamics*