The aims of this study were to identify the mothers educational needs when they have children who have had open heart surgery in congenital heart disease, to identify the children's characteristics with this problem, and also to provide the basic information on the development of the educational program for the mothers. The subjects of the study were 101 mothers of children and their children hospitalized with congenital heart disease in pediatric wards of G. University Hospital in Inchon and S. Hospital in Puchon from June to November 2000. The study used a Likert-type questionnaire with 39 questions which was based on a previous questionnaire developed by Lee Mi-ryun(1989) for adult open heart surgery patients. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach' alpha= .9375. The data were collected directly from mothers of the patients in wards, The t-test, ANOVA was adopted for the data analysis. The key results of the study are as follows: 1) The average age of the children was 32.90 months. The majority of the children are male and weighted 3.0-3.5kg at birth. Most of the children had VSD(29.7%). and 10.9% of children had a family history of heart disease. 2) An average score of 4.62 out of a maximum of 5,00 was recorded for the educational needs of the children's mother. The highest score of 4,69 was for home care after discharge followed by a score of 4.67 for diagnosis and prognosis on congenital heart disease. And pre-post operation care scored 4.51. The mean scores of single-question items of educational need were. in order. 4.81 for immunization after operation, 4.80 for recovery process, and 4.77 for prognosis of the disease. The score of 4.18 for measurement of intake and output was the lowest. 3) The analysis on the children's mothers educational needs by social-demographic characteristics such as sex. age of patient and mother. economical status. educational status. number of child. hospitalization times. and hospitalization cause showed no significant difference statistically. but there was a significant difference between mothers with jobs and without jobs.
Adult ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Educational Status ; Gyeonggi-do ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Home Care Services ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunization ; Incheon ; Male ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic ; Thoracic Surgery*

PURPOSE: To extend the understanding on climacteric symptoms, and to improve women's health and the quality of life by providing the basic data relating to the climacteric symptoms of natural menopausal women and artificial menopausal women. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 149 women selected conviniently (89 natural menopausal women and 60 total hystrectomy women) who have visited the climacteric clinic of G. hospital in Inchon, the MENSI questionnaire which was developed by Sarrel (1995)was modified considering Korean culture for the measuring tool of this study with 20 items of question(Cronbach'salpa =.76), duration of data collection with the questionnaire was 5 months from Sept. 1, 2000 to Jan. 30, 2001. Result: Artificial meanopausal women showed statistically significant higher menopausal symptoms than the natural menopausal women in the most of the items, and psychiatric and urogenital symtoms of artificial menopausal women were significantly higher than those of the natural menopausal women. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention for psychological support upon artificial menopausal women and their spouses is recommended more than natural menpause women.
Climacteric* ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses ; Women's Health

No abstract available.
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic*

The paramount importance of breast feeding for the health of the infants has been recognized by untritionists and physicians. Although many advantages of the breast feedng, exclusive breast feeding without weaning diet or supplement food during prolonged perind in infants may produce iron deficiencyh anemia. This study was conducted to find out the hematologic state in exclusively prolonged breast-fed infants among these anemic patients and the way of thinking about their baby's feeding method in their mothers. Mothers of the anemic patients has been surveyed with questionare. The results and problems obtained from this study are summerized as follows. 1) Among 40 patients of this study, 27 were male (67.5%) and 13 were female (32.5%). Mean age was 12.6+/-2.7 month and 9 & 11 month of age were the most common, respectively (15.0%). 2) Mean age of mothers was 29.5 year. The 25 34 year-old group was most common. 3) Education levels of mothers were primary 10%, middle 10%, high 60%, and college graduate 20%. 4) In motivatins of breast feeding. Persuasion of husband or the parent of husband' 19(47.5%). 'Convenience for use' 12 (30.0%), and 'Through mass media or public information' 9 (22.5%). 5) In the causes of prolonged breast feeding, 'Think that satisfactory nutrition for baby is possible with breast milk alone' 4(10.0%), 'Due to persuasion of husband or the parents of husband' 11 (27.5%), 'Baby did no suck milk bottle or eat other diet except breast milk' 25 (62.5%). 6) In whether or not acknowledgment of the necessity of weaning diet, 'Know it but not consider so important 22 (55.0)%, 'Do not know at all) 15 (37.5%), and 'Breast milk, that will do' 3(7.5%). 7) Hb level in patient group, from 6 to 6.9g/dl was 2 (50.0%), from 7 to 7.9g/dl was 3 (7.5%), from 8 to 8.9%g/dl was 15 (37.5%), and from 9 to 10 g/dl was 20 (50.0%). From 9 to 10g/dl was the most common. Hematologic findings were Hb 8.8+/-0.9g/dl, Hct 28.8+/-3.0%, MCV 64.7+/-6.7 fl, MCH 20.0+/-2.5pg, MCHC 30.8+/-1.5g/dl. Platelet 452.5+/-142.9x103/mm3, Reticulocyte count 1.4+/-0.6%, Fe 28.6+/-14.1 g/dl, TIBC 446.7+/-66.2 g/dl, Ferritin 10.5+/-7.0ng/ml. Transferrin saturation 6.6+/-3.5%. 8) In association with duration of breast milk feeding and hematologic findings, as duration was prolonged, Hb, Hct, MCV & MCH were significantly decreased (p<0.01).
Adult ; Anemia* ; Blood Platelets ; Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Diet* ; Education ; Feeding Methods ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron ; Male ; Mass Media ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Parents ; Persuasive Communication ; Reticulocyte Count ; Spouses ; Thinking ; Transferrin ; Weaning*

Anthracycline drugs are chemotherapeutic agents highly effective against a wide range of neoplasms. However, its administration may be complicated by cardiotoxic reactions. There is a continuum of increasing risk with increasing total dose of drug rather than an absolute cutoff point for total dose drug of that should not be exceeded under any circumstances. At the present time it appears that a potentially important clinical application of Doppler echocardiography would be the noninvasive evaluation of global ventricular function. To assess the value of serial Doppler echocardiography in detecting early signs of anthracycline cardiotoxicity in children, we studied 50 patients (35 male and 15 female children, age range 1.6 to 20 years) admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in the Kyungpook National University Hospital for treatment of neoplasia between July 20, 1988 and April 20, 1991 prospectively. Eight three Doppler echocardiograms were performed prior to and at intervals after receiving varying doses of anthracycline and aortic velocity, acceleration time (AT), ejection time (ET), ratio at AT to ET (AT/ET), acceleration and velocity time integral, and mitral velocity of E and A waves and velocity time integral were measured. Pretreatment parameters were not differ from those of normal age matched control children. The aortic AT/ET showed significant increase with increase in anthracycline dosage, being a mean (+/-SD) of 0.30+/-0.07 in the pretreatment group, 0.33 (+/-0.09) after 100 mg/M2 (p<0.001) but the mitral E/A peak velocity ratio showed significant decrease, being a mean (+/-SD) of 1.47 (+/-0.26) in the pretreatment group and 1.36 (+/-0.09) after 400mg/M2(p<0.05). We could not reliably ascertain the relationship between Doppler echocardiographic changes and development of anthracycline cardiomyopathy but these preliminary data show that Doppler echocardiography may detect incremental changes in left ventricular function in anthracycline cardiomyopathy. It is hoped that further study at higher dose levels in large populations for a sufficient follow up time will identify those patients with a risk of developing cardiomyopathy and then manage them appropriately.
Acceleration ; Cardiomyopathies ; Child* ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hope ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left* ; Ventricular Function ; Ventricular Function, Left

A retrospective clinical observation was done in 90 cases of acute myocadial infarction admitted to Hanyang University Hospital from July 1972 to Dec. 1980. The following results were obtained. 1) The ratio of male to female was 2.3:1. Most patients(63.2%) were in the age groups between the 6th and 7th decades. 2) The main symptoms of acute myocardial infarction were chest pain(76.6%), dyspnea (64.4%), radiating pain(27.7%), epigastric pain(18.8%) and palpitation(15.5%). The painless infarction accounted for 11.1% of all cases. 3) The most common preceding disease was hypertension(38.5%) and other associated diseases were diabetes mellitus(13.2%), C.V.A.(8.8%), angina pectoris(8.8%), previous myocardial infarction(6.6%) and drug intoxication(3.3%). No preceding diseases were found in 12.0% of cases. 4) The anterior wall infarction was 45.5% of 90 cases, inferior wall infarction 22.2%, antero-inferior wall infarction 11.2%, subendocardial infarction 7.7%, posterolateral infarction 2% on ECG. 5) The mortality rate of patients according to the Killip class was 4.2% in class I, 14.3% in class II, 50% in class III and 76.9% in class IV. Group of high Killip class was associated with high mortality. 6) In long term prognosis according to Norris' coronary prognostic index, the highest value was 11.72 with average value of 7.02+/-2.65 in survival group, whereas in death group, the lowest value was 5.08, the highest 16.88 and average value was 10.4+/-3.86. 7) High risk subgroup who complicated within the first 4 admission days, occupied 21.1% and low risk subgroup without complication occupied 46.7%. After the 5th admission days, 2.2% of high risk subgroup was expired, whereas there was no death cases in low risk subgroup. 8) Average duration of hospitalization was 22.4+/-9.5 days in high risk subgroup and 17.3+/-6.8 days in low risk subgroup. In low risk subgroup, 10 cases were discharged within the 7th day of admission and 30 cases after the 8th day of admission. 9) 89.5% of total death occured within the 4th hospitalized day, and 66.7% of cases under systolic BP of 84mmHg were expired. Definite cardiomegaly on chest X-ray and past history of myocardial infarction were associated with high mortality. Half of cases with pulmonary edema were died.
Cardiomegaly ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax

With the increasing age of the population, abdominal aneurysms are increasing in frequency, especially in the old age. At present, surgical excision is recommended for all abdominal aneurysm as soon as possible after the diagnosis has been made because of its high incidence of rupture, a fatal complication. Authors had experienced 3 cases of ruptured abdominal aortic anurysm with a succesfully surgical repaire in intraduodenal ruptur of abdominal aortic aneurysm is Surgical Department, St. Mary's Hosp. Leterature was briefly reviewed.
Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Rupture

The author reviewed eighteen congenitally dislocated hips in Kyung Hee University Hospital during the three and a half year period (rom September, 1973 to March, 1977. The following observations were made. 1. The average age of the patients at the first visit was 17.9 months. 2. All 16 patients were female. 3. There were 2 bilateral dislocations and 14 unilateral dislocations. 4. Left side was dislocated in 12 hips snd right side in 6 hips. 5. Limping was the chief complaint in 12(75%) of the patients. 6. Arthrogram gave valuable information as to make correct diagnosis and treatment. 7. Twelve hips were successfully treated by closed methods and 6 hips required operative treatment. 8. Following reduction, cast immobilization was continued for an average of 5 months in the conservative series. 9. In the conservative series, the acetabular index decreased from 33.4 degree before treatment to 28.1 degree immediately after removal of cast. 10. The results were good or excellent in all except for 2 cases of avascular necrosis and 1 case of redislocation.
Acetabulum ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Necrosis

PURPOSE: This study was to test the effects of a full body massage on labor pain and delivery stress reaction for primipara during labor. METHOD: This study employed a quasi- experimental method(nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design). The subjects of this study were 57 primipara hospitalized at the U OB & GYN hospital in Inchon from November 1. 2001 to July 31, 2002. 28 women were assigned to the experimental group and 29 to the control group. The experimental group was given 20 minutes full body massage for each of three delivery phases. The control group was given conventional delivery care. The levels of labor pain were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale and the expression scores of the labor pain and the levels of delivery stress reaction were measured by pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, and State-Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), t-test, X(2)- test, simple ANCOVA with SPSS program. RESULT: There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.370, p=.693), but significant time effects were found for subjective labor pain(F=3.840, p=.028). There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.112, p=.894), but significant group effects were found for objective labor pain(F=12.299, p=.001). There was no interaction effect between time and group for PR(F=.172, p=.843), RR(F=.626, p=.539), SBP(F=.089, p=.915), DBP(F=.748, p=.479), but significant group effects were found for SBP(F=7.547, p=.008). The level of status anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(F=11.787, p=.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the full body massage has partially positive effect on labor pain and delivery stress reaction. Therefore this study suggested that the full body massage might be used clinically to help primipara during labor.
Anxiety ; Blood Pressure ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incheon ; Labor Pain* ; Massage* ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Rate

To study the frequency of the most common organisms according to culture sites, age, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance, we researched the medical records of the patients for the past 5 years who had ever been treated for infectious ocular disease. Total 19 strains and 226 bacterial organisms were cultured in 207 eyes. Most common organism was staphylococcus(37.6%). The overall percentage of gram-positive organisms showed 61.9% and that of gram-negative 38.1%. According to age, the most common organism was staphylococcus in neonatal period, streptococcus in the age from 1 to 10 and over 60, pseudomonas in the age from 21 to 30 and 41 to 50. The common organisms according to the culture site were staphylococcus in conjunctiva, staphylococcus and streptococcus in punctum, staphylococcus and pseudomonas in cornea, and staphylococcus in vitreous. The antibiotic sensitivity test of gram-positive organisms showed sensitivity more than 90% and rare resistance to ofloxacin and vancomycin. Gramneganisms showed sensitivity more than 80% to ofloxacin and resistance less than 30% to tobramycin. Ofloxacin showed high sensitivity and low resistance to all of the gram-positive and negative organisms. According to culture sites, it was vancomycin in conjunctiva and punctum, ofloxacin in cornea, and ciprofloxacin in vitreous that showed relatively high sensitivity and low resistance. Though it is necessary to culture and test antibiotic sensitivity in treating the ocular disease, it seemed effective as primary therapeutic agents to use appropriate antibiotics based on the clinical findings before the test results are reported. Periodic culturing of causative organisms and testing the antibiotic sensitivities would be helpful in selecting the effective antibiotics for treatment and reducing abuse of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections* ; Ciprofloxacin ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Ofloxacin ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Tobramycin ; Vancomycin