Eleven magnetic resonance(MR) and CT imagings were performed in nine patients with mild to moderate degree oddelayed neuropsychiatric symptoms following acute carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning, to evaluate the capability of MRin demonstrating any additional finding to CT. The MR images were obtained using 0.15 Tesla resistive system withvariuos combination of three pulse sequences, including partial saturation recovery, T2-weighted spine echo andinversion recovery. Bilateral white matter abnormalities suggesting demyelination were demonstrated in 4 patientswith MR and in only 2 patients wtih CT. The contrast discrimination between normal and abnormal white matterproved to be better with T2-wieghted spin echo and inversion recovery than with partial saturation recovery andCT. But necrosis of the globus pallidus(1 patient) and diffuse atrophy(3 patients) were equally demonstrated onboth MR and CT. It is suggested that MR be used as a initial imaging method in the evaluation of the delayedencephalopathy following acute CO poisoning, especially for the detection of the possible white matter lesions.
Brain Diseases ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Carbon Monoxide ; Carbon ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Poisoning ; Spine ; White Matter

No abstract available.
Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head*

The pseudolymphoma syndrome that may mimic malignant lymphoma clinically and histopathologically has been described as a hypersensitivity reaction to anticonvulsant drugs. It consists of the triad of a fever, generalized rash and lyrnphadenopathy. In some cases, varying degrees of malaise, hepatosplenornegaly, abnormal liver function tests, arthralgias, eosinophilia and blood dyscriasias may also be present. We report a case of pseudolymphoma syndrome due to carbamazepine in a 47-year-old man. He had a diffuse edematous and erythematous patches, papules and vesicles associated with high fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. The histopathologic finding slowed a dense atypical mononuclear cell infiltrate of the upper dermis associated with Pautriers microabscess like structures and severe dermal edema. Laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis and an abnormal liver function test. Three weeks after the withdrawal of carbamazepine and treatment with oral prednisolone, his skin lesion and general condition markedly improved.
Anticonvulsants ; Arthralgia ; Carbamazepine* ; Dermis ; Edema ; Eosinophilia ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Leukocytosis ; Liver Function Tests ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone ; Pseudolymphoma* ; Skin

Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma was first described in 1986 by Weiss and Enzinger as a low grade angiosarcoma resr mbling a cavernous hemangioma and kaposis sarcoma. Recently, it is suggested to be non neoplastic lesion or reactive process arising from pre-existing vascular mal- formation. We report a case of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma in a 9-month-old boy. He had multiple, variable sized, colorful, cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules on the forearm and hand. The tumor first appeared on the forearm as erythematous patches at birth and grew rapidly with- in 3 months. Histopatholgical findings showed that the lesion was composed of thin walled cavernous spaces mixed with spindle cells and occasional epithelioid endothelial cells containing intracytoplasmic vacuole. Most af the endothelial cells lining the cavernous spaces and intracytoplasmic lumina, were positive for factor VIII associated antigen. But the spindle cells were negative. Atypical vascular structures resembling arteriovenous shunts were noted around the tumor suggesting a reactive proliferation due to disturbance of local blood flow. Several turnors were excised. No recurrence has been recognized in the one year- follow-up period.
Endothelial Cells ; Factor VIII ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Hand ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: The bcl-2 is a newly known oncogene involved in tumorigenisis by blocking apoptosis or programmed cell death. Overexpression of bcl-2 protein has been detected in a variety of human malignancies. However, recent studies of the expression of bcl-2 protein in human melanoma and melanocytic nevus have been controversial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are any differences in the expression of bcl-2 protein between melanocytic nevus and rnalignant melanoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of bcl-2 protein expression was performed on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 22 melanocytic nevus and 29 malignant melanomas (20 primary and 9 metastatic) using anti bcl-2 monoclonal antibody with an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex procedure. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. The positive rate for bcl-2 protein was observed in 95.4% (21/22) of melanocytic nevus and 95.0% (19/20) of primary malignant melanomas. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the positive rate for bcl-2 prtoein. 2. The percentage of stained cells and the staining intensity of bcl-2 protein were significantly increased in melanocytic nevus compared to malignant melanoma (p<0.05). 3. The positive rate for bcl-2 expression of metastatic malignant melanoma [44.4% (4/9)] was significantly decreased compared to that of primary malignant melanoma [95.0%(19/20) ] (p<0. 05). But, there was no significant difference betweeen tumor thickness and histological type of malignant, melanoma in the expression of bcl-2 protein. 4. In melanocytic nevus, immunoreactivity of bcl-2 protein gradually diminished or even disappeared towards the deep dermis. CONCLUSION: the bcl-2 expression was decreased in malignant melanoma compared to melanocytic nevus. It. suggests that the loss of bcl-2 expression may play a significant role in the progression and metastasis of malignant melanoma.
Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; Dermis ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nevus, Pigmented* ; Oncogenes ; Peroxidase

PURPOSE: For the production and evaluation of the tissue-equivalent phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used agarous gel and oil as a basic component of the mixture and added Tween 80 for the stabilization of phantoms. We did the test for homogeneity and measured T1 and T2 relexation times of each phantom tube. RESULTS: T1 relaxation time ranged from 642 to 2781 msec and T2 relaxation times from 42 to 157 msec. Each phantom was significantly different in T1 relaxation time and T2 relaxation time (p < .0001). CONCLUSION: Tissue equivalent phantom may provide good information on the optimal sequence before MR imaging of patients and may be valuable if it is used with the patients' MR imaging.
Agar ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Polysorbates ; Relaxation

CT was done 81 times on 63 proven malignant maxillary sinus tumors for 3 years from Feb.1979 to May 1982 atSeoul National University Hospital. Pre-treatment CT were 54 and post-treatment CT were 31 on 28 patient. Theresult were as follows; 1. The most frequent histopathologic diagnosis was 44 cases (69.8%) of squamous cellcarcinoma. Others were 5 cases (7.9%) of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 3 cases (4.8%) of olfactory neuroblastoma, 3cases (4.8%) of malignant lymphoma, 2 cases (3.2%) of melanoma, 2 cases (3.2%) of malignant fibrous histiocytoma,a rhabdomyosarcoma, a basal cell carcioma, a fibrosarcoma and a metastatic carcinoma from thyroid follicular adenocarcinoma. 2. The CT findings in 54 untreated malignant maxillary sinus tumors were sinus opacification, softtissue mass, and bone destruction in all cases. Other findings were fat plane obliteration (70%),osteosclerosis(59%), bone erosion and displacement (46%), low densities within soft tissue mass (27%), and airdensitis wiithin soft soft tissue mass (27%), and air densities within soft tissue mass(13%). 3. The value of pre-treatment CT in malignant maxillary sinus tumors were outlining the disease process especially soft tissuesuch as orbit, infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, nasopharynx, pterygoid fossa and intracranialextension, and CT is the choice of diagnostic modality to determine the prognosis and the therapeutic planning insurgery and/or radiotherapy. 4. Post-treatment CT is also helpful to evalute the change in tumor size andpost-treatment complication.
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Diagnosis ; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory ; Fibrosarcoma ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Maxillary Sinus ; Melanoma ; Nasopharynx ; Orbit ; Prognosis ; Pterygopalatine Fossa ; Radiotherapy ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Thyroid Gland

Cerebral CT findings were described in twenty-six cases with the late sequelae of acute carbon monoxidepoisoning and were compared with the neurological symptoms and signs. The CT findins include symmetricalperiventricular white matter low density in five cases, globus pallidus low denstiy in six cases, ventriculardilatation in seven cases, ventircular dilatation and sulci widening in three cases, and normal findings in tencases. Only one case showed low densities in both periventricular white matter and globus pallidus, Late sequelaeof the interval form of carbon monoxide poisoning were clinically categorized as cortical dysfunction,parkinsonian feature, and cerebellar dysfunction. The severity of the clinical symptoms and sings of neurologialsequelae is generally correlated with presence and multiplicity of abnormal brain CT findings. But CT. Anothercase showing small unilateral low density of globus pallidus had no parkinsonian feature but showed mild corticaldysfunction.
Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Carbon Monoxide ; Carbon ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Dilatation ; Globus Pallidus ; White Matter

The authors experienced 52 patients with myasthenia gravis who were diagnosed at the Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital from August 1985 to January 1996. The following results were obtained through diagnostic evaluation and treatment. 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.7 and the most prevalent age group was second decade. 2. The most common initial presentation symptom was ocular(71.2%) and the peak incidence group was stage I (69.3%) according to the modified Osserman's classification. 3. In 16 patients(30.8%), it took more than a year to diagnose due to symptoms which were relapsed and remitting. 4. Of 52 patients, 2 cases were associated with thyroid disease(3.8%) and 2 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(3.8%). 5. All of those who received anticholinesterase and corticosteroid therapy were improved with the exception of 5 cases which were improved after thymectomy and/or plasmapheresis.
Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Neurology ; Plasmapheresis ; Thymectomy ; Thyroid Gland

The goal of this study was to evaluate the function of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the active oxygen release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the protective effect of bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) from activated PMNs. We used HA with three different molecular weights (MW 700, 000, 2, 000, 000, and 4, 000, 000) and five different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2, and 3 mg/ml). We evaluated the amount of released superoxide from activated PMNs by using dismutase-inhibitable ferricytochrome C reduction. To compare the property and protective effect of HA with those of other viscoelastic substances, we used the same concentration of methylcellulose. HA suppressed superoxide release from PMNs and protected BCEC from activated PMNs in a dose-dependent, rather than a molecular weight-dependent, manner. The effect of HA reached almost a plateau at concentration above 2 mg/ml. However, methylcellulose, another viscoelastic substance, showed a similar effect. Therefore, it seems that the suppression of superoxide released from PMNs is not a property that is unique to HA, but is a general property of viscoelastic substances. Our results indicate that the action mechanism of HA proceeds not only through cell surface HA-receptor. We think that HA also acts as a physical barrier and/or a scavenger of superoxide.
Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Comparative Study ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; Cytoprotection ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelium, Corneal/cytology/*drug effects ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/*pharmacology ; Methylcellulose ; Molecular Weight ; *Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophils/*drug effects/metabolism ; Superoxides/*metabolism