No abstract available.
Cytokines

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn maturity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of newborn. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity. A total of 75 newborn were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows: 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is proportional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination is more reliable and clinically feasible method to measure the accurate GA, compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the newborn maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics will enhance the clinical applicability of the examination.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Nurseries ; Nursing Process ; Respiration ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Blepharoplasty* ; Blepharospasm* ; Eyelids*

Antigens, Bacterial ; metabolism ; Bacterial Adhesion ; physiology ; Biofilms ; growth & development ; Dental Caries ; microbiology ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Glucosyltransferases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; physiology ; Streptococcus mutans ; enzymology ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors ; physiology

Class III malocclusions are difficult to treat and take more time than any other types. But if such problems are detected at the earliest opportunity, we may gain the best possible correction consistent with the limitations imposed by morphogenetic pattern. The question of whether a patient has false or real Class III malocclusion is not important. Therapy wilt eleminate the malrelationship, in any event. Graber said, "It has been my experience that many so-called "pseudo" Class III"s are full-blown Class III" s later on during the prolific growth period." The authors have attempted early treatment of a Class III malocclusion of 8-year old girl, who has the familial history of Class III malocclusion.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion*

Two cases of Dandy-Walker syndrome are reported with emphasis on CT findings. The Dandy-Walker syndrome is known to be a developmental anomaly, which is a congenital cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle due to atresia of foramen Magendie and possibly also foramen Luschka, associated with some form of vermian dysgenesis. The CT findings of one case reveal huge cystic mass in midline of the posterior cranial fossa with small compressed cerebellar hemisphere in the lateral portion, associated with hydrocephalus. The other shows semilunar-shaped cystic mass in posterior cranial fossa with anteriorly displaced cerebellum, which communicates with apparent fourth ventricle through the vallecula. Both cases show no inferior.
Cerebellum ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Dilatation ; Fourth Ventricle ; Hydrocephalus

An analysis of the joint fluid should be performed as part of the diagnostic evaluation in any patient with joint disease. It is an important role in the differential diagnosis of the joint disease such as pyogenic arthritis, traumatic arthritis, degenerative and rheumatoid arthritis and others. The authors examined synovial fluid analysis in 33 cases of rheumatoid arthritis at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital. The following results were obtained. 1. The age and sex distribution was 21 cases in the male and 12 cases in the female. The sex ratio between male and female was 1.8:l. 2. The gross appearance of synovial fluid was greenish-yellow with turbid in 29 cases, and 4 cases were transparent with clear and yellow colored. The range of specific gravity was 1.028, it was more higher than normal values. 3. The range of white blood cell count in the synovial fluid was 5955/cubic mililiter in its average and polymorphonuclear leukocytes found the major part of cell counts (63.6%). 4. The glucose content in the synovial fluid was 72.8 mg/100ml in the range of average. It was tended to decrease compared with increase leukocyte numbers. 5. The latex fixation test in the synovial fluid was positive reaction in 93.9%, and was more higher value than its serum reaction in the blood. 6. The protein content in the synovial fluid was 6.9 gm/100ml) in the range of average, and it was 1.7 times more higher value than the reported literature. The correlationship of protein content between the duration of disease and its prevalences could not found the clinical significance. 7. The relationship between the age and the clinical course in the synovial fluid analysis was not significant finding of its fluid content and others, but the more pronounced pattern was revealed in the acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis in the joint fluid.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cell Count ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Prevalence ; Reference Values ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Ratio ; Specific Gravity ; Synovial Fluid

No abstract available.
Airway Obstruction* ; Electrocoagulation* ; Tuberculosis*

Gastric volvulus is a rare surgical disorder in the pediatric population. We experienced a case of gastric volvulus. A 2-year-old boy was admitted to hospital with abdominal distension. An upper gastrointestinal series showed reversal of the greater and lesser curvatures. Surgical exploration revealed an organoaxial volvulus of the stomach, and anterior gastropexy was performed.
Child, Preschool ; Gastropexy ; Humans ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Male ; Stomach ; Stomach Volvulus*

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of an improved method of endotracheal suction on nosocomial pneumonia (NP) and tracheal colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: The study was carried out in both the medical and surgical ICUs of a tertiary-care university hospital; 2,347 patients were admitted in the ICUs from January 2003 to December 2004. The method of endotracheal suction to remove secretions was improved by using a sterile, individually packed catheter and sterile fluid filled in a small container for a single use instead of sterile catheters and fluid packed or filled in large containers for a multiple use. Then, we compared the incidence of NP, the colonization rates of P. aeruginosa and A. baumanni in the respiratory tract, and their carbapenem resistance before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The incidence of NP (1,000 patient-day rate) was decreased from 4.08 to 2.46 in the SICU and from 1.4 to 0.8 in the MICU after the intervention, but the differences were not significant. The colonization rate by A. baumannii was decreased significantly from 35.7% to 4.6% in the SICU (P<0.001) and from 12.7% to 7.6% in the MICU (P<0.001). The colonization rate by P. aeruginosa was decreased significantly from 17.7% to 7.4% in the SICU (P<0.001), but not in the MICU. There was also a marked decrease in carbapenem resistance, 21% to 8% in P. aeruginosa and 70% to 16% in A. baumannii. CONCLUSION: Endotracheal suction with a sterile catheter and sterile fluid is important in preventing respiratory infections and colonization by P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii in the ICU.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Acinetobacter* ; Catheters ; Colon* ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Pneumonia* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa* ; Pseudomonas* ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Suction*