No abstract available.
Cytokines

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn maturity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of newborn. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity. A total of 75 newborn were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows: 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is proportional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination is more reliable and clinically feasible method to measure the accurate GA, compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the newborn maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics will enhance the clinical applicability of the examination.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Nurseries ; Nursing Process ; Respiration ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Blepharoplasty* ; Blepharospasm* ; Eyelids*

Antigens, Bacterial ; metabolism ; Bacterial Adhesion ; physiology ; Biofilms ; growth & development ; Dental Caries ; microbiology ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Glucosyltransferases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; physiology ; Streptococcus mutans ; enzymology ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors ; physiology

Class III malocclusions are difficult to treat and take more time than any other types. But if such problems are detected at the earliest opportunity, we may gain the best possible correction consistent with the limitations imposed by morphogenetic pattern. The question of whether a patient has false or real Class III malocclusion is not important. Therapy wilt eleminate the malrelationship, in any event. Graber said, "It has been my experience that many so-called "pseudo" Class III"s are full-blown Class III" s later on during the prolific growth period." The authors have attempted early treatment of a Class III malocclusion of 8-year old girl, who has the familial history of Class III malocclusion.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion*

An analysis of the joint fluid should be performed as part of the diagnostic evaluation in any patient with joint disease. It is an important role in the differential diagnosis of the joint disease such as pyogenic arthritis, traumatic arthritis, degenerative and rheumatoid arthritis and others. The authors examined synovial fluid analysis in 33 cases of rheumatoid arthritis at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital. The following results were obtained. 1. The age and sex distribution was 21 cases in the male and 12 cases in the female. The sex ratio between male and female was 1.8:l. 2. The gross appearance of synovial fluid was greenish-yellow with turbid in 29 cases, and 4 cases were transparent with clear and yellow colored. The range of specific gravity was 1.028, it was more higher than normal values. 3. The range of white blood cell count in the synovial fluid was 5955/cubic mililiter in its average and polymorphonuclear leukocytes found the major part of cell counts (63.6%). 4. The glucose content in the synovial fluid was 72.8 mg/100ml in the range of average. It was tended to decrease compared with increase leukocyte numbers. 5. The latex fixation test in the synovial fluid was positive reaction in 93.9%, and was more higher value than its serum reaction in the blood. 6. The protein content in the synovial fluid was 6.9 gm/100ml) in the range of average, and it was 1.7 times more higher value than the reported literature. The correlationship of protein content between the duration of disease and its prevalences could not found the clinical significance. 7. The relationship between the age and the clinical course in the synovial fluid analysis was not significant finding of its fluid content and others, but the more pronounced pattern was revealed in the acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis in the joint fluid.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cell Count ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Prevalence ; Reference Values ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Ratio ; Specific Gravity ; Synovial Fluid

Two cases of Dandy-Walker syndrome are reported with emphasis on CT findings. The Dandy-Walker syndrome is known to be a developmental anomaly, which is a congenital cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle due to atresia of foramen Magendie and possibly also foramen Luschka, associated with some form of vermian dysgenesis. The CT findings of one case reveal huge cystic mass in midline of the posterior cranial fossa with small compressed cerebellar hemisphere in the lateral portion, associated with hydrocephalus. The other shows semilunar-shaped cystic mass in posterior cranial fossa with anteriorly displaced cerebellum, which communicates with apparent fourth ventricle through the vallecula. Both cases show no inferior.
Cerebellum ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Dilatation ; Fourth Ventricle ; Hydrocephalus

BACKGROUND: White coat effect (WCE) and white coat hypertension (WCH) are relatively prevalent in clinical situation (20 - 57% of WCH in the hypertensive population). The aim of this study was to analyze the determinant factors of WCE. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in outpatient clinic in a consecutive hypertensives without receiving pharmacologic treatment. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed following more than two resting blood pressure (BP) determinations carried out with the interval of 1 - 2 weeks by mercury sphygmomanometer. WCE was calculated for systolic and diastolic BP as the difference between a clinic BP (CBP) and an average daytime ambulatory BP (ABP). WCH was defined as;BP in the clinic > or = 140/90 mmHg with a mean daytime BP by ABPM < or =137/< or =89 mmHg. RESULTS: 1) Two hundred thirty-five patients (mean age 49.7 years, females 74%) were studied. Thirty-seven percent in male and forty-six percent in female patients fulfilled WCH criteria. 2) CBP was significantly correlated to daytime ABP (systolic BP;r=.47, p<.001 and diastolic BP;r=.65, p<.001). 3) The magnitude of WCE was greater in the group of WCH (28.9+14.6/19.3+6.9 mmHg) than ambulatory hypertensives (15.1+15.7/13.0+8.2 mmHg) (p<.001). 4) The magnitude of WCE is significantly correlated with female (r2=.12, p<.001) and the stage of CBP according to JNC-V (r2=.23, p<.001) in systolic BP, the stage (r2=.08, p<.001) in diastolic BP, and the stage (r2=.09, p<.001) and weight (r2=.15, p<.01) in mean BP. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of WCE in essential hypertension diagnosed at the clinic is significantly correlated with female, the magnitude of clinic BP, and weight.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Sphygmomanometers ; White Coat Hypertension

Industrial exposure to toxic agent may produce a wide variety of respiratory damage. Acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent vingar-like odor. It is a rare case that acute lung injury is caused by inhalation of acetic acid. Acetic acid is miscible with water, and may directly produce damage to mucosa of respiratory tract due to its irritant quality. The outcome of the reaction is dependent on the intensity and duration of exposure and varies from death or pulmonary edema in acute phase to resolution or bronchiolitis obliterans or bronchiectasis. We experienced a rose of acute lung injury due to accidental inhalation of acetic acid. The patient was a 31-year-old male who had developed progressive chest discomfort, chilling sense, and mild dyspnea after accidental inhalation of acetic acid. He had severe hypoxemia and chest radiograph showed diane bilateral alveolar edema. He responded to conservative treatment with oxygen inhalation and was discharged with improved condition on the 7th hospital day.
Acetic Acid* ; Acute Lung Injury* ; Adult ; Anoxia ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Odors ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory System ; Thorax ; Water

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence between author's first and current report on urinary tract stone in patient with spinal cord injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of recent developed in medical technology and care on in treating the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed urinary tract stone in 257 patients with paraplegia or quadriplegia after spinal cord injury. These patients were diagnosed retrospectively by KUB and intravenous urography at the Korea Veterans Hospital during 10years from January, 1984 to December, 1993. We evaluated and compared the overall incidence, incidence of specific location of urinary tract, recurrent rate, incidence according to the level of spinal cord injury, and the duration of development in urinary tract stone. RESULTS: Total patients were 257 with 186(72.4%) paraplegia and 71(27.6%)quadriplegia. Overall incidence of the stone was 16.0% in this study and 38.1% in the first study. Incidence of the stone in individual organ ;5.5% in kidney, 1.2% in ureter, and 13.6% in urinary bladder. The recurrent rate was 29.3% in this study and 40.6% in the first study. Incidence of the stone according to the level of spinal cord injury was as follows;15.6% in cervix, 17.1% in upper thorax, 17.9% in lower thorax and 13.9% in lumbar. The stone developed during the first 4 years and between 12 to 16 years following spinal cord injury was 28.3% each. CONCLUSION: Overall incidence and recurrent rate of urinary tract stone was obviously decreased since the first study. Highest incidence of the stone occurred in urinary bladder and in patient with lower thoracic spinal cord injury, which is similar to first report. Peak incidence of the stone was in the first 4years, and another peak was in 12-16years after spinal cord injury. The decreased overall incidence of urinary tract stone maybe attributable to the development in medical technology and care, and active rehabilitation.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Korea ; Paraplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thorax ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urography