A survey was performed in order to determine the infection status of the metacercariae of heterophyid fluke in two goby species, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos sp., collected from Gangjin-gun, and Shinangun, Sooncheon-shi, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. A total of three metacercariae of Heterophyopsis continua was found in only one B. pectinirostris (10.0%) from Gangjin-gun. Heterophyes nocens metacercariae were detected in 24 B. pectinirostris (96.0%) and 14 Scartelaos sp. (63.6%) from Shinan-gun. Heterophyopsis continua metacercariae were found in 11 B. pectinirostris (44.0%) and 21 Scartelaos sp. (95.5%) from Shinan-gun. Stictodora fuscata metacercariae were detected in 18 B. pectinirostris (72.0%) from Shinan-gun. No metacercariae were detected in 20 B. pectinirostris from Sooncheon-shi. From the above results, this study is the first to prove that B. pectinirostris and Scartelaos sp. serve as the second intermediate hosts of some heterophyid flukes in Korea.
Trematoda/*isolation & purification ; Perciformes/*parasitology ; Korea ; Animals

BACKGROUND: To identify the prevalence and related factors for vitamin D deficiency in the patients who admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a Korean tertiary care hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data from ICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) for a period of > 48 h to identify the prevalence and associated factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level < 20 ng/mL. RESULTS: Among 570 patients admitted to the ICU, 221 were enrolled in the study, 194 in the vitamin D deficient group and 27 in the non-deficient group. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients was 87.8%. The patient age was lower in the vitamin D deficient group compared with the non-deficient group (64.4 ± 15.4 vs. 71.0 ± 9.6 years, p = 0.049). A higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.37) and chronic illness (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.08-9.01) were associated with vitamin D deficiency after adjusting for age and body mass index. Clinical outcomes of duration of MV, ICU stay, and 28- and 90-day mortality rates were not significantly different between the vitamin D deficient and nondeficient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was common in critically ill patients, particularly among younger patients. Higher APACHE II score and chronic illness were associated with vitamin D deficiency.
APACHE ; Body Mass Index ; Calcitriol ; Chronic Disease ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Mortality ; Prevalence* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Vitamin D Deficiency* ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Prevalence* ; Ulsan*

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Common Bile Duct* ; Endoderm* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor*

The thirty eight newborn infants with periventricular leukomalacia who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Gil General Hospital from March 1, 1988 to June 30, 1991, were investigated for ultrasonographic findings, risk factors and neurological outcome. The results were as follows: 1) There were 38 cases of PVL including 21 echogenic flarings and 17 cystic PVL's. 2) Mean birth weight was 2,250 gm and mean gestational age was 35 week. 3) Mean detection timing was 4th day in echogenic flarings and 18th day in cystic PVL's. 4) PVL's were located in the parietal region in 1 case and fronto-parieto-occipital in 3 cases. 5) Mean cyst size was 6 mm. 6) Multiple logistic regression analysis for the risk factors of PVL showed that low birth weight, apnea and seizure were the most significant contributing factors (p<0.05). 7) In the follow-up study of cystic PVL's, 7 cases showed improvement, 7 cases developed into multicystic encephalomalacia and 3 cases developed into atrophy. 8) Neurodevelopmental outcome of cystic PVL's showed nomal; 6.2%, minor neurodevelopmental defect; 43.8%, major neurodevelopmental defect; 31.2% and death; 18.8%. 9) Neurosonographic predictability for neurodevelopemental sequelae by cystic PVL's showed sensitivity; 63.6%%, specificity; 98.0%, positive predictive value; 92.8% and accuracy; 88.2%. 10) Major neurodevelopmental defect was more frequent, cyst size being larger and location being more extensive (p<0.05).
Apnea ; Atrophy ; Birth Weight ; Encephalomalacia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Logistic Models ; Rabeprazole ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Superficial siderosis (SS) is a rare disorder characterized by deposition of hemosiderin in the leptomeninges and subpial layer of the central nervous system. Recently SS suggested a subtype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy which is an important cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We present a patient with cortical SS had seizure and cognitive dysfunction as symptom and lobar ICH in the existed area of cortical SS 4 years later. This case suggested cortical SS could be a warning sign of lobar ICH.
Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Seizures ; Siderosis

No abstract available.
Blepharoptosis*

PURPOSE: To know the discrepancy of rotational alignment using human femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 22 adult human femurs which were not able to distinguish age and sex and absent articular cartilage. In a horizontal plane, we made a cross-section perpendicularly at supra-condyle of femur to a mechanical axis and took a simple roentgenogram in coronal plane focusing on the center of transepicondylar axis. In terms of roentgenogram and gross specimen, the angle between per-pendicular to the anteroposterior axis and the posterior condylar axis, the angle between the transepi-condylar axis and the posterior condylar axis were measured by 5 observers. According to t-test in statisti-cal method, we figured out the difference between two angles and made a significance at p<0.05. RESULTS: About posterior condylar axis, the line perpendicular to anteroposterior axis was observed the average 4.8(+/-1.5)degree, 6.0(+/-1.9)degree external rotation in roentgenogram and gross specimen respectively. The transepicondylar axis was observed the average 3.5(+/-1.2)degree, 3.9(+/-1.4)degree external rotation in roentgenogram and gross specimen respectively. There was statistically significant difference between two angles. Moreover, angles measured by 5 observers were found that to have a line perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis has much more external rotation respectively and there was a statistically significant difference also. CONCLUSIONS: On determination of a rotational alignment using human femur, there is statistically sig-nificant difference between the anteroposterior axis and the transepicondylar axis in gross specimen as well as roentgenogram.
Adult ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Cartilage, Articular ; Femur* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Currently establishment of public pharmaceutical companies became an issue for securing stable supply of national essential drugs in order to respond appropriately to national public health crisis. Pharmacy students as future pharmacists need to be interested in drug related issues under the discussion in our society. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of pharmacy students on the national drug supply strategy through public pharmaceutical companies. METHODS: A 20-items questionnaire designed for this study was used. Pharmacy students nationwide were enrolled in July 2017. They responded to questions through on-line survey program. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: 160 students from 26 pharmacy schools participated. 5th and 6th grade students accounted for two-thirds, and one third aspired future jobs in pharmaceutical industry. Among responders, 71.3% was unaware of current national essential drugs, 52.5% did not know the Rare and Essential Drug Center, and 91.9% was unaware of the legislation on the supply and management of essential drugs. 82.5% favored the establishment of public pharmaceutical companies. 80.6% agreed that government should intervene in pharmaceutical market for ensuring drug accessibilities, 73.8% agreed that public pharmaceutical companies make possible to reach a goal of stable supply of pharmaceuticals, and 85.1% agreed that active compulsory license by public pharmaceutical companies is necessary. CONCLUSION: We found that pharmacy students recognized the need for governmental control to achieve social values of pharmaceuticals. More attention and participation of the pharmacy students as well as pharmacists in the process of national debate on public pharmaceutical companies are expected.

PURPOSE: To introduce the minimal skin and orbicularis oculi muscle resection with the full thickness rotating suture technique for lower lid epiblepharon and to assess its surgical outcome. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on lower lid epiblepharon patients who were followed for more than 6 months after surgical correction performed between January 2004 and December 2015. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon using minimal skin and orbicularis oculi muscle resection and the full thickness rotating suture technique for lower lid epiblepharon correction. RESULTS: A total of 943 lower lid epiblepharon patients (403 male, 540 female) were included in the analysis. The mean patient age was 6.7 ± 2.4 years, and the mean postoperative follow-up was 12.9 ± 7.2 months. Eyelid shape and function were well maintained in 904 patients (95.9%), with no recurrence during follow-up. Among the recurrent cases (39 patients [4.1%]), 19 patients (2%) underwent a second correction surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal skin and orbicularis oculi muscle resection with the full thickness rotating suture technique for lower lid epiblepharon showed good surgical outcome with few complications and high success rate.
Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*