This report was a 10year retrospective study on mandible fractures. The study was based on a series of 245 patients who had been treated for mandibular fractures as in-patient at Yongsan Hospital of Medical college of Chung-Ang University during the period of Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1996. The results obtained are as follows; 1. In respect of incidence, the number of fractures was increased to 1990 and then it was decreased. The ratio of Men to Women was 6 : 1. 2. The major etiologic factors were traffic accident(30.2%), fisticuffs(28.6%), falldown(25.3%), accident related to work(7.8%), and sports(6.9%). In recent years, the decreasement of fractures due to traffic accident and the increasement of fractures due to sports was impressive. 3. The age frequency was highst in the third decade(44.9%), and second(%), fourth(%), decade in orders. In the first decade, the cause of fractures was traffic accident and falldown only, and the fractures due to sports were concentrated on second and third decade. 4. The frequent location of mandibular fractures was symphysis(36.1%), left angle(16.4%), right condyle(10.4%), right angle(8.6%), left condyle(8.6%), left body(5.8%), left ramus(4.0%), ramus(3.8%). The number of average fracture site was 1.62 at each patient and the number of average fracture line was 1.91 at each patient. 5. The simple fracture was 43.7%, and the complex fracture was 56.3%, then the open fracture was 35.5%, and the closed fracture was 64.5%. 6. In respect of treatment, the frequency of open reduction was 74.3% and that of closed reduction was 25.7%, but in the condyle, closed reduction(68.0%) was the more frequently using method of treatment than open reduction(32.0%). 7. The patients were treated an average of 3.27 days after injury and the average hospitalization period was 10.07 days. 8. The mandibular 3rd molar was existing in 60.6% of angle fractures.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mandible* ; Mandibular Fractures ; Molar ; Retrospective Studies* ; Sports

No abstract available.
Meningitis*

The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of genistein, a widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on cloned Shaw-type K+ currents, Kv3.1 which were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, using the whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp techniques. In whole-cell recordings, genistein at external concentrations from 10 to 100 micrometer accelerated the rate of inactivation of Kv3.1 currents, thereby concentration-dependently reducing the current at the end of depolarizing pulse with an IC50 value of 15.71+/-0.67 micrometer and a Hill coefficient of 3.28+/-0.35 (n=5). The time constant of activation at a 300 ms depolarizing test pulses from -80 mV to +40 mV was 1.01+/-0.04 ms and 0.90+/-0.05 ms (n=9) under control conditions and in the presence of 20 micrometer genistein, respectively, indicating that the activation kinetics was not significantly modified by genistein. Genistein (20 micrometer) slowed the deactivation of the tail current elicited upon repolarization to -40 mV, thus inducing a crossover phenomenon. These results suggest that drug unbinding is required before Kv3.1 channels can close. Genistein-induced block was voltage-dependent, increasing in the voltage range (-20 mV~0 mV) for channel opening, suggesting an open channel interaction. Genistein (20 micrometer) produced use-dependent block of Kv3.1 at a stimulation frequency of 1 Hz. The voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation of Kv3.1 was not changed by 20 micrometer genistein. Our results indicate that genistein blocks directly Kv3.1 currents in concentration-, voltage-, time-dependent manners and the action of genistein on Kv3.1 is independent of tyrosine kinase inhibition.
Animals ; Clone Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Female ; Genistein* ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Kinetics ; Ovary ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases* ; Tyrosine*

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant threat to infants and young children in Korea and globally.Current preventive measures, such as palivizumab, have limitations, necessitating the exploration of new strategies.Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a promising option for protecting all infants from RSV. Clinical trials and real-world evidence support its effectiveness in reducing RSV-related hospitalizations.The economic burden of RSV infection in Korea underscores the need for cost-effective interventions. While several RSV vaccines are under development, none are currently available in Korea. Maternal immunization programs and vaccines for older infants offer potential avenues for expanding protection. This review highlights the evolving landscape of RSV prevention, with a shift towards nirsevimab and future vaccines. Further research is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of RSV infection and develop comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to the Korean population.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant threat to infants and young children in Korea and globally.Current preventive measures, such as palivizumab, have limitations, necessitating the exploration of new strategies.Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a promising option for protecting all infants from RSV. Clinical trials and real-world evidence support its effectiveness in reducing RSV-related hospitalizations.The economic burden of RSV infection in Korea underscores the need for cost-effective interventions. While several RSV vaccines are under development, none are currently available in Korea. Maternal immunization programs and vaccines for older infants offer potential avenues for expanding protection. This review highlights the evolving landscape of RSV prevention, with a shift towards nirsevimab and future vaccines. Further research is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of RSV infection and develop comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to the Korean population.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant threat to infants and young children in Korea and globally.Current preventive measures, such as palivizumab, have limitations, necessitating the exploration of new strategies.Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a promising option for protecting all infants from RSV. Clinical trials and real-world evidence support its effectiveness in reducing RSV-related hospitalizations.The economic burden of RSV infection in Korea underscores the need for cost-effective interventions. While several RSV vaccines are under development, none are currently available in Korea. Maternal immunization programs and vaccines for older infants offer potential avenues for expanding protection. This review highlights the evolving landscape of RSV prevention, with a shift towards nirsevimab and future vaccines. Further research is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of RSV infection and develop comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to the Korean population.

This study was conducted to evaluate the eating behavior and to analyze the various factors affecting eating behavior among middle school students. The subjents consisted of 212 middle school students(106 boys and 106 girls between 13-14 years) residing in Seoul. A questionnaire was used as the questionnaire consisted of four parts : the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, value toward food and nutrition, diet diversity(the number of food items) and eating behavior. Results showed that fifty three point five percent of males and fifty seven percent of females skipped breakfast. The main reason for skipping breakfast was shortage of time. Fifty five percent of the total number of subjects stated that they had more than two plasant meals a day. The number of food items eaten was significantly higher in males than in females. In only 16.4% of total subjects(18.5% of male and 14.2% of female), the primary pursuit in having meals was not to satisfy hunger but to consider nutrition and health. The eating behavior of the adolescents showed that 65% of the subjects had a 'good' eating behavior score and 17.4% had scores of 'excellent' and 'poor' respectively. The existence of parents, the economic level of the family, and concern of health and nutrition affected the eating behavior score. The less the subject skipped breakfast, the greater they placed a value toward food and nutrition. Value toward food and nutrition had a significant influence on their eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating eating behavior. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, factors affecting eating behavior were 'pleasant meal' , 'the value toward food and nutrition' and 'the numbers of food items' in order(R2=0.2984).
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Diet ; Eating* ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female ; Humans ; Hunger ; Male ; Meals ; Parents ; Seoul* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Wilms Tumor*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of two-phase dynamic CT, early and equilibrium pahse, in the preoperative staging of rectal cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed incremental dynamic CT after rectal infusion of water in 34 patients with pathologically proved rectal cancers. Two-phase dynamic CT findings were prospectively analyzed and correlated with surgical and histopathologic findings. A total of 150ml of nonionic contrast medium was intravenously administered with a power injector at a flow rate of 5ml/sec for 30 sec, and two-phase images were obtained at 30 sec(early phase) and 2 min (equilibrium phase) after bolus injection. Local tumor staging and regional lymph node were classified by TNM staging. RESULTS: All 34 rectal cancers showed a moderate to marked enhancement in the early phase and a homogeneous and prolonged enhancement of the entire lesion in the equilibrium phase. T-staging of primary tumors were 85.3%(29/34) in early phase and 70.6%(24/34) in equilibrium phase. The accuracy in determining the perirectal fat invasion of rectal cancer was 92%(23/25) in early phase, and 72%(18/25) in equilibrium phase. The sensitivity & specificity of the regional lymph node metastasis were 63.6% and 79.1% in early phase, and 54.5% and 65.2% in equilibrium phase, respectively. CONCLUSION: Early phase dynamic CT was more accurate for the preoperative staging of rectal cancer than that at equilibrium phase.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prospective Studies ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Water

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to estimate myocardial functions in patients with chronic renal failure by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, and investigate correlation between Doppler and disease parameters. METHODS: We studied 13 patients with chronic renal failure whose creatinine clearance rate less than 25ml/min. Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography with curve following method, we measured peak velocity, mean velocity, velocity-time integral and peak acceleration of aortic and pulmonic flow velocity curves, and peak velocity, mean velocity, area of rapid filling wave in early relaxation phase(E wave) and filling wave by atrial contraction in late relaxation phase(A wave) and A/E ratios of the peak velocity and area. And we compared these parameters with those of the normal controls, and then those with early chronic renal failure(less than 6 months of disease duration) and those with late chronic renal failure(more than 6 months of disease duration). RESULTS: In patients with early chronic renal failure, peak velocity, flow time and area of E wave of the mitral flow velocity curves were significantly decreased, and those of A wave were markedly increased and resulted in marked increase in A/E ratios of the peak velocity and area compared with those of the normal controls. In patients with late chronic renal failure, mitral A/E ratio of the peak velocity continued to be increased, and peak velocity, velocity-time integral and peak acceleration of the aortic flow velocity curves were significantly decreased but pulmonary velocity- time integral was increased markedly compared with those of the normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Significant increase of mitral A/E ratio in patients with early chronic renal failure and appearance of significant change in aortic flow velocity curves in patients with late chronic renal failure suggest that abnormalities of myocardial relaxation seem to be present in early phase of the chronic renal failure and continued into late phase but abnormalities of myocardial contraction to appear on late phase of the chronic renal failure.
Acceleration ; Creatinine ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed* ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Myocardial Contraction ; Recurrence ; Relaxation ; Ultrasonography