This studies were examined and compared the immunohistochemical distribution of the two calcium -binding proteins calbindin D -28K and parvalbumin positive neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord after transection of spinal cord in rats. In this experiment, calbindin D -28K immunoreactive neurons were mainly found in many pyramidal cells distributed in the brain stem and spinal cord of rats. Calbindin D -28K neuropil labeling was strongly noted in brain stem and in spinal all segments of the spinal cord. In contrast to parvalbumin, little differences were found in distribution, size and morphology of calbindin D -28K cell body or neuropil staining in the brain stem and spinal cord. Parvalbumin immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in all lamina of the gray matter of the spinal cord. These immunoreactive cells had the most high density in the layer I and II dorsal horn and several nuclei of the ventral horn of the all segments of the spinal cord. These immunoreactive cells between the brain stem and spinal cord were quite different markedly in number, cell size and morphology The number of parvalbumin positive cells were more than twice in the brain stem and spinal cord compared to the calbindin D -28K positive cells. Calbindin D -28K and parvalbumin -immunoreactive somata were round, oval, spindle and polygonal in shape, and the positive neurons were unipolar, bipolar, multipolar and horizontal in shape. The diameters of the somata of the two positive neurons were 30 ~40 micrometer, respectively. Also dendrites of two positive neurons were densely arrayed in arborization.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Calbindins* ; Calcium ; Cell Count ; Dendrites ; Horns ; Neurons* ; Neuropil ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord*

Authors have anthropologically measured the human skeleton from a Dugmoe Tomb of the technopolis of Kwang-ju city. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The human skeleton was thought to be constructed at the beginning of the period of the Chosun, judging from the Dugmoe Tomb. 2. It is female and its stature is estimated as about 163-165cm. The age of the skeleton is estimated to be late 50. 3. The cranial index is 77.09mm and the type is mesocephaly. 4. The cranial length-height index and the cranial breadth-height index were hypsicrane and acrocephaly. 5. The orbital index 95.0mm and the type is hypsiconch. 6. The humerus is comparatively long, slender and has more rounded diaphysis. 7. The femur is similar that of present day, and the type is platyer. 8. The abrasion of the occlusal surface of the teeth was 2.5 point.
Craniosynostoses ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Femur ; Gwangju* ; Humans* ; Humerus ; Orbit ; Skeleton* ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of combined transvaginal ultrasound and beta-hCG discriminatory zone for diagnosing intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy in early abnormal pregnancy. METHODS: Initial ultrasound findings and beta-hCG level were compared with final pregnancy outcome in 164 early pregnant women who visit our hospital with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value by the combination of two diagnostic tools were calculated. Statistic analysis of collected data used x2 of SPSS(9.0). RESULTS: Of 90 women with normal outcome, 64(71.1%) had a gestational sac 5mm, and in 47 cases, the hCG level was above 1,800 mIU/ml. Transvaginal ultrasound was non-diagnostic in 47(28.6%) of 164 women, and especially, 43(53.1%) of 81 cases with beta-hCG levels below 1,800 mIU/ml. The portion of accurate ultrasound diagnosis was significantly higher in women above 1,800 mIU/ml (85.5%, 71 of 83 cases) compard with levels below 1,800 mIU/ml (37.0%, 30 of 81 cases) : P < 0.001; Relative Risk(RR) 2.31; CI 95%. Sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy was 90.2%, 79.3%, and 66.7% in women who presented with beta-hCG levels above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 41.0%, 23.5%, and 75% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. And, negative predictive value was 83.9%, 89.7%, and 98.8% in each of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 64.6%, 60%, and 97.3% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing abnormal early pregnancy were poor except cases of ectopic pregnancy when beta-hCG levels were low than discriminatory zone. Ultrasound impressions were well related with beta-hCG levels.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnant Women ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Cancer chemoprevention can be defined as prevention or intervantion of cancer by the administration of one or chemical entities, either, either as individual drugs or as naturally occurring constituents of the diet. The name capsaicin(trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) was given by Thresh in 1848, and capsaicin is a primary pungent and irritating princple present in red peppers which are windely used as spices in korean food. The inhibitory effect of capsacin on stomach or skin cancers had been reported in lots of animal studies, but there were few reports In offal cancer carclnogenesls. This study is aimed to see the effect of capsalcln upon DMBA induced cancer of the buccal pouch in hamsters. In thls study, 87 Golden Syrian hamsters, weighing about 80-90g, were used and divided into 5 group : normal group (n=2)-untreated : control group(n=15)-DMBA painted : experimental group I(n=23)-capsaicin(10 micromol/2ml) and DMBA painted ; experimental groupII(n=23)-capsaicin administered and DMBA painted ; experimental group III(n=24)-administered and patinted. DMBA painted. According to groups, the animals were sacrificed at 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 week. Microscopic examination was done and BrdUrd labeling Index was calculated. The results are as follows : 1. According to gross examination, the leukoplakia at 5 week and the papilloma at 8 week were shown in the experimental group I, III. Those feature were appeased rapider than those of the control and expefimental group II. 2. According to gross examination, the exophytic tumorous lesions were shown in the control and all of the experimental groups from 14week, but the features of the control group were severer than those of the experimental groups. 3. According to histopathologic features, the papilloma was shown in all of the experimental group except the control group at 8 week 4. Histologically, the features of the control group were severer than those of the experimental groups from 14 week and there were similar features among the experimental group I, II, III at 17 week 5. At 8 week, BrdUrd labeling index of experimental group I, III were than that of control group and it was statistically significant (p<0.05) 6. The BrdUrd labeling index of experimental group III from 11week, experimental group I from 14week, experimental group II from 17 week were lowed than that of the control group respectively and It was statistically significant(p<0.05) 7. In the distribution of the BrdUrd labeled cells, BrdUrd was more significant in the basal and parabasal cell in dysplatic changes, but in carcinoma in situ, BrdUrd showed a irregular arrangement throughout the whole thickness of the tumor epithelium According to the abone results, the irritating property of the capsaicin accelerated the carcinogenesis in early phase, but the inhibitory effect was shown from carcinoma in situ phase. So the chemopreventive effect of the capaicin which is a major ingredient of red pepper can be expected. However, the further studies including the amount and method of capsaicin administration for preventive effect of oral cancer, should be followed.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene* ; Animals ; Capsaicin* ; Capsicum ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Chemoprevention ; Cricetinae* ; Diet ; Epithelium ; Leukoplakia ; Mesocricetus ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Paint ; Papilloma ; Skin Neoplasms ; Spices ; Stomach ; Wind

This study was performed to investigate the effect of endotoxin to the CCl4-induced liver injury. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected 1.6 g/kg CCl4 as control group. Another 24 rats were orally administrated 300 mg/kg of neomycin at 16 and 3 hours prior to CCl4 injection as experimental group. Twelve among them were intraperitoneally infected 1.0 mg/kg of endotoxin(E-Coli, 0111:B4, No L-2630, lipopolysaccharide, Sigma, USA) and CCl4 simultaneously for offsetting neomycin effect. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 4, 10, and 24 hours after CCl4 injection. The liver tissues from all experimental groups were observed by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In the CCl4 only group, the hepatocytes revealed sweling of ER and mitochondria with many lipid droplet in the cytoplasm. Focal cellular necrosis was seen at the later phase. The Kupffer cells were activated and showed many cytoplasmic processes, secondary lysosomes, and vaculoles. The endothelial cells were edematous. Several neutrophils, platelets, and microthrombi were scattered in the sinusoid. In the neomycin-CCl4-endotoxin administrated group, both hepatocytic destruction and intrasinusoidal microthrombi formation were more pronounced. In the neomycin pretreated group, the hepatocytes revealed mild cellular destruction without necrosis. There is no intrasinusoidal microthrombi. According to these results, it would be concluded that the small dosage of gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin affects to the liver injury caused by CCl4. The synergistic effects of CCl4 and gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin which can not be detoxified by damaged Kupffer cells, may be more important in the pathogenesis of CCl4-induced liver injury.
Rats ; Animals

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) is a systemic disease clinically characterized by fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, polyclonal gamma-globulinemia and Cooms' positive hemolytic anemia. The lymph node in AILD reveals a polymorphic feature consisting of a proliferation of small vessels, immunoblasts and plasma cells and acidophilic interstitial material. Progression into immunoblastic sarcoma is reported as high 35% of the patient with AILD. Nathwani et al have observed not only malignant transformation of AILD in sequential tissue examination, but also the coexistence of AILD and immunoblastic lymphoma in the same lymph node or at different sites in the same patient. Multiple clusters or islands of compactly arranged large lymphoid cells constitute the initial histologic evidence of immunoblastic sarcoma. Immunoblastic sarcoma is a large cell lymphoma conceptually related to transformed T-and B-lymphocytes of the extrafollicular compartment of the immune system, which proignosis is poor. We have recently experienced a case of immuno blastic sarcoma arising in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a 24-year-old woman. She had history of multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the inguinal, axilla and supraclavicular areas. Previous lymph node biopsies revealed reactive change. Six month later, right axillary lymph node biopsy reveled AILD with focal clusters of immunoblasts. Subsequent lymph node biopsy at the same site revealed diffuse immunoblasic sarcoma, B-cell type. A case presentation with histologic findings and a brief review of literature were done.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Polyarteritis Nodosa*

On patients with disorder of hematopoiesis such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, MDS(Myelodisplastic Syndromes), removal of infectious foci prior to the BMT(Bone Marrow Transplantation) is a necessity and what is more, there is no sufficient time to control the infections because the chemotherapy for BMT should be started as soon as possible. And the transfusion should be minimized to prevent the alloimmunization. In those reasons, oral & maxillofacial surgeons are often in need of multiple extractions, and should take into consideration the possibility of complications after multiples extractions such as infection, severe bleeding because those situations can be fatal on patients with disorder of hematopoiesis. We present our experience in multiple extractions on 30 patients with disorder of hematopoiesis referred from Catholic Hematopoiesis Stem Cell transplantation Center at St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Bone Marrow ; Drug Therapy ; Hematopoiesis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Stem Cell Transplantation

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in tear flow and tear filim stability in patients with long-term instillation of antiglaucoma drug. METHODS AND OBJECTS: We measured Schirmer test score and tear film break-up time (BUT) in long-term antiglaucoma drug instilling 60 patients (120eyes) who had been diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and in randomly selected 60 normal subjects (120eyes) from March 2000 to February 2001 at Chosun University Hospital. Obtained results were retrospectively analyzed with the age progression and sex of subjects, duration of instillation, number and type of drugs to find out correlations between these factors. RESULTS: Average Schirmer test score and BUT were measured considerably lower in antiglaucomat drug instilled group compared to normal-subjects group (P<0.05, student t-test). Both measurements considerably decreased as age of patients and drug instillation time increased (P<0.05, ANOVA test). But number and type of instilled drugs had no considerable correlation to the obtained results (P>0.05, ANOVA test). CONCLUSIONS: It should be predicted that the patients who had instilled antiglaucoma drug for a long time and who are also of old age may develop dry eye syndrome and eye surface problem. So special care should be taken with glaucoma treatment in such cases.
Dry Eye Syndromes ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop in vivo dosimetries using both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in mice to assess biological effects of radiations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five each mice were irradiated with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 Gy of Cs-137 gamma-rays. We scored numbers of chromosomal aberrations in metaphase spreads and numbers of micronuclei in bone marrow smears under light microscope, and obtained the dose-response relationships. We also examined the relationship between the two dose-response curves. RESULTS: The frequency of both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei increased with dose, in a linear-quadratic manner. The delta, beta, and alpha coefficients were 0.0176, 0.0324, and 0.0567 for metaphase analysis (r=1.0, p<0.001) and 0.0019, 0.0073, and 0.0506 for micronuclei assay (r=1.0, p<0.001). The frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in diffirent radiation doses was significantly correlated (r=0.99, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In vivo dosimetry using either metaphase analysis or micronucleus assay was feasible in mice. These methods could be useful to evaluate biological effects of radiation.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells* ; Bone Marrow* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Metaphase* ; Mice* ; Micronucleus Tests