OBJECTIVE: To determine the significance of high risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and involvement of the resection margins of cervical cone biopsy specimens removed by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III). METHODS: Records of 506 LEEP procedures performed due to abnormal Pap result between December 1995 and December 1998 were reviewed. Among them, 232 cases with histologically proven as CIN III in LEEP and follow-up Pap smear more than 6 months was available were assessed. All patients were assigned according to HPV infection and resection margin involvement in LEEP, and recurrence rate in the follow-up was compared with reference to post-LEEP treatment regimen, observation or hysterectomy in each group. RESULTS: Of 232 cases reviewed, 10 cases(4.3%) were ASCUS, 19 cases(8.2%) were LSIL, 199 cases(85.8%) were HSIL, and 4 cases(1.7%) were invasive cancer in initial Pap smear. Abnormal Pap result in the follow-up was as follows: 4 cases of ASCUS, no case of LSIL, and 6 cases of HSIL. Excluding ASCUS, the overall recurrence rate in the follow-up was 2.6%(6/232). HPV positive was 164(70.7%) and HPV negative was 68(29.3%) in the LEEP specimen. Of 164 HPV positive, 41 were followed up without further treatment and 123 with hysterectomy. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups(P=0.41). Of 68 HPV negative, 27 were only followed up and in 41, hysterectomy was done. And also, there was no significant difference(P=0.32). Of 232 cases, resection margin was positive in 167(72.0%) and negative in 65(28.0%). Of 65 margin negative, 29 were followed up without further treatment and 36 with hysterectomy. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups(P=0.36). Among 167 margin positive, 39 were only followed up and in 128 hysterectomy was done. Recurrence rate was significantly higher in followed up only group(P=0.04). CONCLUSION: HPV infection in LEEP specimen was not helpful in deciding post LEEP treatment modality in CIN III patient. But, when resection margin was positive, hysterectomy should be performed because by doing so, recurrence rate was significantly lower than when only follow up was done.
Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Papilloma ; Recurrence

We report a rare cause of lung cavities, occurring in a patient with intrapulmonary cystic teratoma. Computed tomography (CT) provided us more detailed informations about the tumor characteristics containing fat and calcification, which could not be distinguished on the plain radiographs. In addition, CTscans clearly demonstrated the dilated anterior segmental bronchus of the left upper lobe entering the posterior aspect of the cavity.
Bronchi ; Humans ; Lung* ; Teratoma*

No abstract available.
Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells*

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes*

No abstract available.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Bone Density*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the morphological change of the iris and ciliary body of human eyes during fetal period. METHODS: Under the Registry of Congenital malformation, fetuses were supplied by the Department of Pathology of Seoul National University. We selected 81 eyes enrolled with the gestational age between 8 and 40 weeks, and examined under light microscope. RESULTS: The development of iris and ciliary body began from 12 weeks. During the gestational age 15-18 weeks, marginal sinus and the fold of iris and ciliary body were formed. At the gestational age 18 weeks, the iris sphincter located in front of marginal sinus was certainly distinguished, and the vessels of ciliary body formed. During the gestational age 19-22 weeks the minor folds of ciliary body were formed between the original it. During the gestational age 23-27 weeks marginal sinus was being diminished and dilator muscle was seen. During the gestational age 28-30 weeks the dilator muscle of iris was certainly developed and the longitudinal and circular muscle of ciliary body were distinguished. During the gestational age 34-40 weeks the adultlike appearance of the iris and ciliary body became apparent. CONCLUSIONS: The mesenchymal cells located in the anterior rim of optic cup began to develop after the gestational age 12 weeks. If the develpment of the iris and ciliary body was arrested around the gestational age 15-22 weeks, the congenital malformation of the iris and ciliary body could appear.
Ciliary Body* ; Fetus ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Iris* ; Pathology ; Seoul

The aim of this study is to elucidate the association of neovascularization in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) combined with major arterial insufficiency (MAI), compared with BRVO alone. The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts, color photographs, and fluorescein angiograms of 304 patients (308 eyes) who had BRVO from 1990 to 2002 at Hanyang University hospital. Patients with BRVO combined with MAI and patients with BRVO alone were differentiated by angiographic appearance. Of the 308 eyes, 12 (3.9%) had neovascularization, all of which were in the 56 eyes of the MAI group for which the neovascularization rate was 21.4%. Neovascularization in BRVO was more strongly associated with the non-perfusion caused by MAI, rather than with the extent of the non-perfusion area that originated from retinal capillary obstruction. MAI is considered as a risk factor for neovascularization and hence could be a prognostic factor.
Adult ; Aged ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Artery/*physiopathology ; Retinal Diseases/*complications/physiopathology ; Retinal Neovascularization/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/*complications/diagnosis/physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies

When recovery of specific reflexes after acute spinal cord injury are delayed or absent, we should consider an acute local complication or other factors that influence reflex function. We observed three spinal cord injury cases with a long-standing delayed plantar reflex and no evolution of Babinski sign despite enough recovery time had passed for the flexor spasm and all deep tendon reflexes of the lower extremities. In these cases we confirmed common peroneal nerve neuropathy at the fibular head by the nerve conduction study and electromyography. Long-standing delayed plantar reflex without evolution of Babinski sign, beyond expected recovery period, would be considered as a sign of local complication such as common peroneal nerve injury.
Electromyography ; Head ; Lower Extremity ; Neural Conduction ; Peroneal Nerve ; Reflex* ; Reflex, Babinski ; Reflex, Stretch ; Spasm ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a transrectal probe on the opening of internal urethral sphincter. METHOD: Twenty-five patients with a neurogenic bladder dysfunction were included in this study. For the transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), a transrectal probe was inserted into the rectum before the bladder was filled. Internal urethral sphincter opening was investigated during the filling and voiding phases. The bladder was emptied and the probe was introduced intrarectally after the bladder filling for the investigation of internal urethral sphincter opening. Twelve subjects underwent an additional cystometry for the recording of maximal intravesical pressure with and without transrectal probe. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of TRUS for the opening of internal urethral sphincter with insertion of the probe before or after the bladder filling. There was no significant change of the maximal intravesical pressure with or without the probe in the rectum. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that transrectal probe for TRUS does not cause a reflex effect on the opening of internal urethral sphincter.
Humans ; Rectum ; Reflex ; Ultrasonography ; Urethra* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between the location of motor points of gastrocnemius and soleus and the skin surface landmarks. METHOD: Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of each lattice of gastrocnemius and soleus in 11 healthy subjects were recorded. Standardized reference lines were made as follows: 1) a horizontal reference line (popliteal crease) and 2) a vertical reference line drawn between mid-points of the horizontal reference line and inter-malleolus connection line. The CMAPs were mapped horizontally and vertically 1cm width to the standardized reference lines. Location of motor points was mapped to the skin surface in the ratio of length of the vertical and horizontal reference lines. RESULTS: The motor point of medial head of gastrocnemius was located at 41.0+/-6.1% distal and 54.6+/-19.2% medial to the mid-point of horizontal reference line. The location of the motor point of the lateral head of gastrocnemius was 35.7+/-5.2% distal and 48.5+/-15.1% lateral, respectively. In the soleus, the motor point was at 68.6+/-8.0% distal and 10.5+/-9.0% lateral, respectively. CONCLUSION: The motor point of the lateral head of gastrocnemius was located more proximally relative to medial head, and the motor point of soleus was located at slightly lateral side of the vertical reference line. The author concluded that mapping of motor points of the gastro-soleus muscles would increase accessibility in performing phenol motor point block or botulinum toxin injection for management of spasticity or abnormal tonicity of the ankle.
Action Potentials ; Ankle ; Botulinum Toxins ; Head ; Muscle Spasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles* ; Phenol ; Skin