This study was conducted to invetigate the effect of high-dose steroid administration on adipogenesis and secretion of PAI-1 in rat. Sixty healthy Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group A consisted of 20 control animals received 5 ml/kg isotonic saline for 1 weeks. Group B consisted of 20 animals received 10 ml/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoeally for 1 week. Group C comprized 20 animals received 10 ml/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoneally for 1 week. After the completionof treatment, blood sampling was performed for measurenement of PAI-1 and the animale were sacrificed for histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical study. The PAI-1 protein expressin of femoral heads were evaluated with Western-blotting. Blood level of PAI-1 increased significantly in high-dose steroid treated group(Group B and C) compared to control group. In histopathologic examination, significant fat morrow conversion, fat cell hypertrophy and fat cyst formation were observed in high-dose steroid treated group. Immunohistochemically, PAi-1 expression was sprominent in the fat cells. Protein expression of PAI-1 of femoral heads increased significantly in highdose steroid treated group compared to control group. In lights of above results, it is postulated that increased secretion of PAI-1 from fat cells could play a major role in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats treated with high-dose steroid.
Adipocytes ; Adipogenesis* ; Animals ; Head ; Hypertrophy ; Methylprednisolone ; Osteonecrosis ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Prone Position* ; Thoracotomy*

For improved examination of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), bowel preparation is an essential issue. Multiple factors like air bubbles, food material in the small bowel, and gastric and small bowel transit time affect the small bowel visualization quality (SBVQ), diagnostic yield (DY) and cecal completion rate (CR). Bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution enhances SBVQ and DY, but it has no effect on CR. Bowel preparation with PEG solution 2 L is similar to PEG 4 L in SBVQ, DY, and CR. Bowel preparation with fasting or PEG solution combined with anti-foaming agents like simethicone enhance SBVQ, but it has no effect on CR. Bowel preparation with prokinetics is not commonly recommended. Optimal timing for purgative bowel preparation has yet to be established. However, the studies regarding bowel preparation for DAE are not sufficient. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommends 8–12 hours fasting from solid food and 4–6 hours fasting from liquids prior to the antegrade DAE. For retrograde DAE, colonoscopy preparation regimen is recommended. This article reviews the literature and ESGE, 2013 Korean published guidelines regarding bowel preparation for VCE and DAE, following suggestion for optimal bowel preparation for VCE and balloon enteroscopy.
Capsule Endoscopy ; Cathartics ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Fasting ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Simethicone

Plexiform schwannoma is a relatively rare, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that can be located either in the deep soft tissues or in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This tumor may occur singly or as multiple lesions and may be localized to one anatomic site or diffusely distributed. Plexiform schwannoma should be differentiated with plexiform neurofibroma or other plexiform malignant tumors. We describe a case of a 6-year-old patient with multiple cutaneous plexiform schwannomas who had no other stigmata of neurofibromatosis 1 or family history suggesting a genetic disorder. The histopathological study revealed a tumor composed of multiple intradermal or subcutaneous interlacing and interconnecting fascicles and nodules that vary in size and shape. Characteristic Antoni A type cellular tissue showing frequent nuclear palisading and Verocay bodies were observed within well circumscribed elongated nodules.
Child ; Christianity ; Dermis ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Peripheral Nerves ; Subcutaneous Tissue

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine prerequisite-program performance of the hospital foodservice operation and develop measures for improvement of prerequisite-program performance. METHODS: Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 hospital dieticians in the Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Daegu, and North Gyeongsang areas. Out of total questionnaires, 65 questionnaires were usable and the response rate was 38.7%. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program (ver 20.0) for chi2-test and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: According to the result of the prerequisite-program evaluation, the percentage of 'appropriate', 'needs to be improved', and 'inappropriate' was 44.6%, 47.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. The score for the 'inappropriate' group was significantly lower than that of the 'appropriate' group or 'needs to be improved' group on the food safety management (p < 0.001), preparation facility management (p < 0.001), water management (p < 0.001), and storage.transportation management (p < 0.05) parts. Holding rate of foodservice facility and equipments in the 'appropriate' group were significantly higher than in the others on convection oven (p < 0.01), air conditioner (p < 0.01), three-compartment sink (p < 0.01), hot-holding equipment (p < 0.01), cold-holding equipment (p < 0.05), exclusive thawing refrigerator (p < 0.05), and sterilizer for sanitary shoes (p < 0.05) items. CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of hospital foodservice, foodservice managers and HACCP specialists should develop and implement a prerequisite-program and a HACCP plan considering the characteristics of the hospital foodservice operation.
Convection ; Daegu ; Food Safety ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points* ; Hospitals, General* ; Incheon ; Nutritionists ; Seoul ; Shoes ; Specialization ; Water

Small bowel capsule endoscopy (CE) was first introduced 15 years ago, and a large amount of literature has since been produced, focused on its indication, diagnostic yields, and safety. Guidelines that have made CE the primary diagnostic tool for small bowel disease have been created. Since its initial use in the small bowel, CE has been used for the esophagus, stomach, and colon. The primary indications for small bowel CE are obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, unexplained iron deficiency anemia, suspected Crohn's disease, small bowel tumors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy, portal hypertensive enteropathy, celiac disease, etc. Colon CE provides an alternative to conventional colonoscopy, with possible use in colorectal cancer screening. Guidelines for optimal bowel preparation of CE have been suggested. The main challenges in CE are the development of new devices with the ability to provide therapy, air inflation for better visualization of the small bowel, biopsy sampling systems attached to the capsule, and the possibility of guiding and moving the capsule by an external motion controller. We review the current status and future directions of CE, and address all aspects of clinical practice, including the role of CE and long-term clinical outcomes.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Biopsy ; Capsule Endoscopy* ; Celiac Disease ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Crohn Disease ; Esophagus ; Hemorrhage ; Inflation, Economic ; Intestine, Small ; Mass Screening ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Cyclic GMP* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of refraction, geometry of the posterior corneal surface and the residual corneal thickness after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 15 patients were treated with Star S2 Smooth Scan (VISX, U.S.A.) and followed up for 3 months. The refractive, anteroposterior changes in the posterior corneal surface and residual corneal thickness were measured using slit-scanning topography, Orbscan IIR (Orbtek, Bausch & Lomb) at 1 week preoperatively, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean forward shift of the posterior cornea surface was 8.83+/-1.34 micrometer, 11.53+/-4.23 micrometer and 14.70+/-3.50 micrometer at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months respectively. Mean spherical equivalence of posterior cornea was = -7.01+/-0.31 D preoperatively; it changed to -7.17+/-0.47 D, -7.22+/-0.21 D and -7.17+/-0.6 D at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The degree of forward shift of posterior corneal surface is correlated with the posterior corneal refractive changes (r=-0.808, P< 0.01). The forward shift of the posterior corneal surface is correlated with the residual corneal thickness (r=-0.483, P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy significantly influenced the forward shift of the cornea, which is correlated with the residual corneal thickness.
Cornea ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

The topic of the extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection continues to capture the attention of many researchers all over the world. Some extragastric diseases, possibly linked to H. pylori infection, have been largely investigated. Although evidence is emerging that the prevalence of H. pylori is declining in all age groups, the understanding of its disease spectrum continues to evolve. There are, in fact, several studies concerning cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, hematologic disease, eye and skin diseases, hepatobiliary disease, diabetes mellitus, and neurological disorders. Among them, this article reviews the literature published pertaining to H. pylori eradication and pulmonary disease such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.
Asthma ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Nervous System Diseases ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Skin Diseases