This study was conducted to invetigate the effect of high-dose steroid administration on adipogenesis and secretion of PAI-1 in rat. Sixty healthy Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group A consisted of 20 control animals received 5 ml/kg isotonic saline for 1 weeks. Group B consisted of 20 animals received 10 ml/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoeally for 1 week. Group C comprized 20 animals received 10 ml/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoneally for 1 week. After the completionof treatment, blood sampling was performed for measurenement of PAI-1 and the animale were sacrificed for histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical study. The PAI-1 protein expressin of femoral heads were evaluated with Western-blotting. Blood level of PAI-1 increased significantly in high-dose steroid treated group(Group B and C) compared to control group. In histopathologic examination, significant fat morrow conversion, fat cell hypertrophy and fat cyst formation were observed in high-dose steroid treated group. Immunohistochemically, PAi-1 expression was sprominent in the fat cells. Protein expression of PAI-1 of femoral heads increased significantly in highdose steroid treated group compared to control group. In lights of above results, it is postulated that increased secretion of PAI-1 from fat cells could play a major role in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats treated with high-dose steroid.
Adipocytes ; Adipogenesis* ; Animals ; Head ; Hypertrophy ; Methylprednisolone ; Osteonecrosis ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Prone Position* ; Thoracotomy*

For improved examination of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), bowel preparation is an essential issue. Multiple factors like air bubbles, food material in the small bowel, and gastric and small bowel transit time affect the small bowel visualization quality (SBVQ), diagnostic yield (DY) and cecal completion rate (CR). Bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution enhances SBVQ and DY, but it has no effect on CR. Bowel preparation with PEG solution 2 L is similar to PEG 4 L in SBVQ, DY, and CR. Bowel preparation with fasting or PEG solution combined with anti-foaming agents like simethicone enhance SBVQ, but it has no effect on CR. Bowel preparation with prokinetics is not commonly recommended. Optimal timing for purgative bowel preparation has yet to be established. However, the studies regarding bowel preparation for DAE are not sufficient. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommends 8–12 hours fasting from solid food and 4–6 hours fasting from liquids prior to the antegrade DAE. For retrograde DAE, colonoscopy preparation regimen is recommended. This article reviews the literature and ESGE, 2013 Korean published guidelines regarding bowel preparation for VCE and DAE, following suggestion for optimal bowel preparation for VCE and balloon enteroscopy.
Capsule Endoscopy ; Cathartics ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Fasting ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Simethicone

No abstract available.
Capsule Endoscopy*

No abstract available.
Capsule Endoscopy*

Plexiform schwannoma is a relatively rare, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that can be located either in the deep soft tissues or in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This tumor may occur singly or as multiple lesions and may be localized to one anatomic site or diffusely distributed. Plexiform schwannoma should be differentiated with plexiform neurofibroma or other plexiform malignant tumors. We describe a case of a 6-year-old patient with multiple cutaneous plexiform schwannomas who had no other stigmata of neurofibromatosis 1 or family history suggesting a genetic disorder. The histopathological study revealed a tumor composed of multiple intradermal or subcutaneous interlacing and interconnecting fascicles and nodules that vary in size and shape. Characteristic Antoni A type cellular tissue showing frequent nuclear palisading and Verocay bodies were observed within well circumscribed elongated nodules.
Child ; Christianity ; Dermis ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Peripheral Nerves ; Subcutaneous Tissue

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas represent 7% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and can arise from any extranodal site; however, at least one-third of them present as a primary gastric lymphoma. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with antibiotics should be employed as the sole initial treatment of H. pylori-positive gastric MALT lymphoma. H. pylori eradication can induce lymphoma regression and long-term clinical disease control in most patients. In H. pylori-negative cases or patients who fail antibiotics therapy, irradiation and systemic therapies should be applied depending on the stage of disease; surgery has not been shown to achieve superior results in comparison with more conservative approaches in various trials. Lymphoma with diffuse large cell infiltration should be treated according to the recommendations for diffuse large cell lymphoma. H. pylori eradication resulted in complete lymphoma remission in the majority of cases. Most patients with minimal histological residuals of gastric MALT lymphoma after successful eradication of H. pylori had a favorable disease course without oncological treatment. A watch and wait strategy with regular endoscopies and biopsies appears to be safe and may become the approach of choice in this situation. Nevertheless, long-term careful endoscopic and systemic (blood counts and minimal adequate radiological or ultrasound examinations) follow-up once per year is recommended for all patients. This article is a review for the current treatment and prognosis of gastric MALT lymphoma.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of refraction, geometry of the posterior corneal surface and the residual corneal thickness after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 15 patients were treated with Star S2 Smooth Scan (VISX, U.S.A.) and followed up for 3 months. The refractive, anteroposterior changes in the posterior corneal surface and residual corneal thickness were measured using slit-scanning topography, Orbscan IIR (Orbtek, Bausch & Lomb) at 1 week preoperatively, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean forward shift of the posterior cornea surface was 8.83+/-1.34 micrometer, 11.53+/-4.23 micrometer and 14.70+/-3.50 micrometer at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months respectively. Mean spherical equivalence of posterior cornea was = -7.01+/-0.31 D preoperatively; it changed to -7.17+/-0.47 D, -7.22+/-0.21 D and -7.17+/-0.6 D at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The degree of forward shift of posterior corneal surface is correlated with the posterior corneal refractive changes (r=-0.808, P< 0.01). The forward shift of the posterior corneal surface is correlated with the residual corneal thickness (r=-0.483, P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy significantly influenced the forward shift of the cornea, which is correlated with the residual corneal thickness.
Cornea ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

The topic of the extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection continues to capture the attention of many researchers all over the world. Some extragastric diseases, possibly linked to H. pylori infection, have been largely investigated. Although evidence is emerging that the prevalence of H. pylori is declining in all age groups, the understanding of its disease spectrum continues to evolve. There are, in fact, several studies concerning cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, hematologic disease, eye and skin diseases, hepatobiliary disease, diabetes mellitus, and neurological disorders. Among them, this article reviews the literature published pertaining to H. pylori eradication and pulmonary disease such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.
Asthma ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Nervous System Diseases ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Skin Diseases