No abstract available.
Animals ; Capsaicin* ; Colon* ; Cytokines* ; Lung* ; Melanoma, Experimental* ; Mice* ; RNA, Messenger*

With an aging population, osteoporotic vertebral collapse is an increasingly common condition. This compression fractures has been considered a benign entity, quite responsive to conservative treatment. In a rare patients, however, a major neurologic complication and painful kyphosis despite conservative treatment can develop. Therefore, the purpose of this present study is to analyze the surgical results of 14 patients with severe back pain, an increasing kyphosis and neurologic deficits caused hy osteoporotic vertebral collapse following minor trauma, who were treated surgically. Presenting signs and symptoms included severe back pain with progression of kyphosis in 6 patients and increasing neural deficit in 8 patients. Of 14 patients, eight patients had an intravertebral cleft sign (vacuum sign). Indications for surgery included increasing kyphotic deformity, intractable pain, or increasing neurologic deficit. There was no correlation between intravertebral cleft sign and neurologic deficit. However, patients who had intravertebral cleft sign had not well respond to conservative treatment. As treatments, combined anterior and posterior fusion in 8, anterior fusion in 4, posterior instrumentation, and wide decompressive laminectomry in one patient, respectively, were carried out. The final correction of the deformity averaged 0.3 degrees. Therefore. correction of kyphosis was not favorably maintained because of variable surgical methods, and sinking of graft bone or instrumentation into the osteoporotic vertebral bodies. However, pain was reduced significantly in all patients. In addition neurological symptoms improved in 7 patients. One patient underwent reoperation with nnterior inierbody tusion together with anterior instrument because of an increasing kyphosis, neurologic. iymptoms and scvcre hack pain following wide decompressive laminectomy. There was no complication relatecl to instruments. The authors strongly helieved that surgical intervention has highly satisfactory results in patients who have intravertehral cleft sign with persistent back pain despite conservative treatment, and proressive or persistent neurologic deficits following osteoporotic vertebral collapse.
Aging ; Back Pain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Laminectomy ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Osteoporosis ; Pain, Intractable ; Reoperation ; Transplants

One of various decompression methods in treatment of spinal stenosis is the indirect instrumental decompression. Theoretically, the distraction of the disc space can widen the intervertebral foramen of the stenotic segment and even increase the canal diameter by distracting the posterior annulus as well as reduce the extent of decompressive laminectomy site. The indirect instrumental decompression, however, was not guaranteed to maintain the restored discal height because of the loss of fixation strength between rod and screw, viscoelasticity of vertebra itself, bone density, type of screw and rod, and operative technique. As well the magnitude of the stresses on the instrumentation particularly at the rod-screw interface may depend on rod-contouring in order to make mormal sagittal curvature of the lumbar spines. Therefore, the aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of different rod-contour on the axial sliding strength in Compact Cotrel-Dubousset (CCD) instrumentation. Axial sliding strength was tested by Universal Test Machine (Instron). Test was performed for 3 groups of different rodcontouring on the biomechanical axial strength: straight rod (no contour), 10 and 20 contouring rod. The length of contact surface between rod and screw was measured with Fuji pressure sensitive film. The study was performed using 6.5 mm open body screws and 7 mm rods of CCD instrumentation. Axial sliding strength of straight rod was 2518.6N, 1871.8N in 10 and 1528.8N in 20 contouring rod. The length of contact surface between rod and screw significantly decreased according to degree of rod contouring; 9.88mm in straight rod, 9.08mm in 10 and 8.57mm in 20 contouring rod. There was a statistically significant linear correlation (R=0.96) between failure load and length of contact surface. Therefore, this study has shown that excessive contour of the rod in order to make normal sagittal curvature of the lumbar spine using CCD instrumentation cannot provide sufficient axial sliding strength. That may be a cause of loss of restored disc space height after surgery.
Bone Density ; Decompression ; Laminectomy ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Parents* ; Siblings*

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome*

In the treatment of malleolar fracture, anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation are essential to prevent the complications such as infection, malunion or nonunion, traumatic arthritis, skin necrosis and joint contracture. But it is often difficult to obtain rigid fixation for medial malleolar fracture because of its comminution or thin cortex with osteoporosis. Generally, two operative methods are available for medial malleolar fracture, which are malleolar lag screw fixation and tension band wiring. The purpose of this paper is to analyze which operative method is better for anatomical reduction and rigid fixation and has less postoperative complications for medial malleolar fractures. From March 1992 through March 1995, 88 patients had undergone surgical intervention for medial malleolar fractures. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to operative method for medial malleolar fracture. For one group, malleolar lag screw together with or without a K-wire was used in 48 patients, and for the other group, tension band wiring was used in 40 patients. The average follow-up periods were 14 months in screw fixation group and 13 months in tension band wiring group. The average union time were 15.4 weeks (8-17 weeks) in screw fixation group and 12.2 weeks (6-15 weeks) in tension band wiring group. 27 cases (56%) showed excellent result in screw fixation group and 30 cases (75%) in tension band wiring group. In the patient over 50 years old, 2 (15%) in 13 cases showed excellent result of screw fixation group, while 5 (45%) in 11 cases of tension band wiring group. We concluded that tension band wiring is a better method for medial malleolar fracture to obtain early union and to prevent postoperative complications, especially in the elderly patient.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Contracture ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students and examine the relationships between these factors. METHODS: Participants in this study were 144 nursing students who have experienced clinical practice. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Win 23.0 program. RESULTS: Professional self-concept and ethical values were factors influencing patient privacy protection behavior among nursing students. These variables explained 21.9% of the variance for patient privacy protection behavior. A higher level of patient privacy protection behavior was associated with higher levels of professional self-concept and ethical values. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that strategies for enhancing patient privacy protection behaviors of nursing students should include methods for forming images of positive nurses and firming ethical values.
Ethics ; Humans ; Medical Informatics ; Nursing* ; Privacy* ; Professionalism ; Self Concept ; Students, Nursing*

OBJECTIVE: Korea (ranked 16th) and Japan (ranked 13th) show similar rankings, skills, and performance in basketball. However, the countries differ in size and the number of players in the national women's basketball system. The current study aimed to compare the psychological factors (anxiety, and temperament and character) and the national teams' players' characteristics between 80 Korean (WKBL players) and 76 Japanese (WJBL players) female basketball players in six professional teams each. METHODS: All players were asked to complete demographic characteristics including age, career years, position, number of past and presents positions, and clinical scales, including sports anxiety, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses among individual factors, physical factors, basketball status, anxiety factors, and temperamental conditions were conducted. RESULTS: In all basketball players, all five models were significantly associated with national team players. The TCI factors were the strongest predictive factors for Korean national team players, while the anxiety factors were the strongest predictive factors for Japanese national team players. WKBL players in all positions showed higher sports anxiety and harm avoidance than WJBL players. WJBL players scored higher on self-directedness and cooperativeness than WKBL players. CONCLUSION: For predicting national team players, temperament and character were crucial factors in WKBL players where anxiety was the most important one for WJBL players.
Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Basketball ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Psychology ; Sports ; Temperament ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the degree of pseudomyopia and prognosis in patients with convergence spasm and acquired pseudomyopia. METHODS: The medical records of patients with convergence spasm and acquired pseudomyopia at the Korea University Medical Center from 2011 to 2014 were identified. We reviewed the patients' gender, age, onset time, visual acuity, refractive error, angle of strabismic deviation and the selected management (cycloplegics, patching, cycloplegics + patching, prism glasses). RESULTS: At the first medical examination, the mean age was 20.08 years. The mean spherical equivalent was -3.75 diopter (D) in the right eye and -4.03 D in the left eye based on manifest refraction and -2.59 D in right eye and -2.85 D in left eye using cycloplegic refraction. Eleven of 12 patients had esodeviation with a mean esodeviation of 10.42 D. The pupil size was 3.63 mm in the right eye and 3.63 mm in the left eye. No patient experienced severe miosis (pupil size <2 mm). Observation (5), patching (3), cycloplegics (2), patching + cycloplegics (1) and prism (1) management were performed in 12 patients. Outcomes included completely cured (3), improvement (7) and no change or recurrence (2). CONCLUSIONS: Active management is necessary for patients with convergence spasm and acquired pseudomyopia.
Academic Medical Centers ; Esotropia ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Methods* ; Miosis ; Mydriatics ; Prognosis ; Pupil ; Recurrence ; Refractive Errors ; Spasm* ; Visual Acuity