No Abstract Available.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to nfluence of sequential embryo transfers in an invitro fertilization was examined. METHOD: After in vitro fertilization, a maximum of 6 fertilized oocytes was enrolled in this study. At day 3 after an oocytes retrieval, embryos with good quality were transferred (mean 4.9), remaining embryos (mean 2.0/cycle) were cryopreserved at blastocyst stage (Group 1). At day 5 after oocytes collection, second a embryos had reached the blastocyst stage (Group 2) using P1 supplemented with 10 SSS and 30% Follicular fluid. No statistical difference in the pregnancy rate could be seen between the group without a second embryo transfer (n=21; 28.6%) and the group with a second transfer (n=52; 28.8%). RESULTS: The incidence of multiple pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was not statistically different between both group and no high-rank multiple pregnancy (greater than triplete) were observed (o.9%, 15.4%, respectively, p=0.74, chi2). Out of 114 cycles (506 embryos) cultured embryos in group 2, 52 cycles (159 embryos, 29.8%) reached the blastocyst stage. CONCLUSION: The second transfer did not have a significant effect on the pregnancy rate. The most important factor for the pregnancy seems to be the quality of the embryos transferred on day 3 following oocyte retrieval. We recommend embryo transfer is performed only one, day 2~3 or D5.
Blastocyst ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Follicular Fluid ; Incidence ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Multiple

The gene encoding F protein of CBP-1 strain, a heat-stable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the diseased pheasants in Korea, was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Virus RNA was prepared from the chorioallatoic fluid infected with NDV CBP-1 virus and cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced to analyze. The PCR was sensitive as to detect the virus titer above 25 hemagglutination unit. 1.7kb (1,707bp) size of the cDNA was amplified and cloned into BamHI site of pVL1393 Baculo transfer vector. The nucleotide sequences for F protein were determined by dye terminator cyclic sequencing using four pairs of primers, and 553 amino acid sequences were predicted. In comparison of the nucleotide sequence of F gene of CBP-1 with those of other NDV strains, the homology revealed 88.8%, 98.5% and 98.7% with Kyojungwon (KJW), Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. As the deduced 553 amino acid sequences of F protein of CBP-1 were compared with those of other NDV strains, the homology appeared 89.9%, 98.7% and 98.9% with KJW, Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. The putative protease cleavage site (112-116) was R-R-Q-K-R, indicating that CBP-1 strain is velogenic type. The amino acid sequences include 6 sites of N-asparagine-linked glycosylation and 13 cysteine residues. These data indicate that the genotype of CBP-1 strain is more closely associated with the strains of Texas GB and Beaudette C than KJW strain.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular* ; Cysteine ; DNA, Complementary ; Genotype ; Glycosylation ; Hemagglutination ; Korea ; Newcastle disease virus* ; Newcastle Disease* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; Texas ; Viral Load

With the industrial development, vehicle, wars, and natural disasters, there are increasing chsnces of mass casuaities, it is very important to classify the injured patients by their severity, to give them immediate emergency care and to transfer them to the other medical facilities effectively. And it is more essential in the army. But in practice, there is no objective and comprehensive scale for injury severity yet. So we devised a method of comprehensive description for the injuredpatients. It is based on Abbreviated Injury Scale and Injury Severity Score and is composed of five parts of the body (General, Head & Neck, Chest, Abdomen, Extremities) and five degrees of severity (Grade I, Il, III, IV, V). For example, a description of a patient with multiple injuries such as generalized abrasion and cotusion, semicomatose mentality with skull fracture, hemoperitoneum, and fracture of right femoral shaft is very diffcult to understand quickly. But, with our method of description, the above is described as follows ; G(I)+(IV)+A (IV)+E(III), ISS =4+4+3 =41. And the high score is described as ISS makes it clear that the patient is very dangerous, even to death, so intensive care is immediately needed. Using this method, we reviewed 1,256 cases of passenger acidents of vehicles treated at our hospital during the last 2 years. The results were as follows ;1. The average ISS of 56 cases of dead is 33. 2. There are only 2 cases of death below 16 of ISS, and 84% mortality above 40 of ISS. 3. The average ISS of passengers in vehicles such as motocycles is 12, taxies 11, bongo 9, and buses 8. 4. We recommend our method of description for mass casualties, especially in the army. Because it is very useful to the injured patients by their severity, to give them immediate emergency care, to transfer them to the other medical facilities and to comprehend the whole condition of all patients.
Abbreviated Injury Scale ; Abdomen ; Critical Care ; Disasters ; Emergency Medical Services ; Head ; Hemoperitoneum ; Humans ; Industrial Development ; Injury Severity Score ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Methods ; Mortality ; Motor Vehicles ; Multiple Trauma ; Neck ; Skull Fractures ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: In an effort t enhance long term patency of coronary bypass grafts, utilization of arterial conduits have been on an icrease. With the same objective, we have been using the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) in coronary artery bypass procedures since 1998. The current paper has been undertaken with the aim of assessing the apropriateness, problems, and short term results of using the RGEA as an arterial graft conduit by studying the postoperative clinical results of 100 patients than received coronary artery bypass grafting (CARG) with this artery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between May of 1998 and May of 1999, an analysis of the mortality, postoperative myocardial infarction, and the need for IABP insertion as a result of low cardiac output were made between 100 consecutive patients undergoing CABG with the RGEA. There was one postoperative death due to cerebral infarction. Postoperative complications/morbidity comprised myocardial infarction in 2, cerebral infarct in 3, reoperation due to bleeding in 1, mediastinitis in 1, and low cardiac output syndrome necessitating IABP in 3 patients. Complicatons related to harvesting of the arterial grafts were not experienced in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: The results of the current data show that utilization of the RGEA in CABG is not associated with increased mortality/morbidity and demonstrates satisfactory short term results suggesting the usefulnessof this conduit as an arterial graft.
Arteries ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cerebral Infarction ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Gastroepiploic Artery* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mediastinitis ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Reoperation ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: There is a fundamental limitation in securing adequate amounts of blood without the donation from voluntary donors. In order to ensure the adequacy of the blood supply and the safety of blood, it is essential to encourage donors to remain in the pool. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to investigate the factors related to a repeated donation behavior. METHODS: Blood donors from the 28 blood centers of Korean Red Cross were mailed a questionnaire between September 1 and 30, 2003. The samples calculated by the total annual number of donors were allocated to each center. A total of 1,400 questionnaires were distributed at 28 regional centers, 681 subjects from 14 centers responded. The final sample was 655 in this study. RESULTS: Based on the result of logistic regression analysis after an adjustment, men are likely to donate regularly than women (OR=3.11). In addition, those 20 or over were more likely to be regular donors than those 16~19 years old (OR=2.28), and people who did not want a monetary reward (OR=3.74) or believed it is never given to them (OR=3.52) were more likely to donate frequently than people who think they deserved a reward. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it is important to encourage women to donate. Since a monetary incentive or reward is not supposed to increase the rate of blood donation, it needs to develop more effective incentives such as a donor's health management or blood credit.
Blood Donors* ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Motivation ; Postal Service ; Red Cross ; Reward ; Tissue Donors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Prone Position* ; Thoracotomy*

PURPOSE: To report a case of corneal perforation caused by non-infectious corneal ulcer in a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). METHODS: A 29-year-old female visited the hospital with bullous lesions on the erythematous body surface. She also had severe conjunctivitis and keratitis in both eyes. She had been taken antibiotics and analgesics for nasopharyngitis. The patient was diagnosed with TEN. Although she was hospitalized and treated in the department of internal medicine, the left cornea was severely necrotized and became thinner. Slit-lamp examination showed focal descematocele in the central cornea. The result of corneal culture was negative and corneal infiltration that would suggest an infectious ulcer was not observed. RESULTS: The patient was in poor general health because of pneumonia. We performed tectonic amniotic membrane transplantation to prevent corneal perforation. Fibrovascular tissues were growing on the amniotic membrane from the surrounding conjunctiva. However, they did not cover the descemetocele area. Her general condition continued to worsen and she was transferred to the intensive care unit. The cornea was perforated and the patient died of septic shock. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal perforation may occur in a patient with TEN without secondary bacterial infection. Therefore, patients with TEN need to be informed of this serious complication and the possible need for more intensive treatment.
Adult ; Amnion ; Analgesics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Blister ; Conjunctiva ; Conjunctivitis ; Cornea ; Corneal Perforation* ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Internal Medicine ; Keratitis ; Nasopharyngitis ; Pneumonia ; Shock, Septic ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome* ; Ulcer

Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) is a recognized late complication of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus(CDLE). There are many case reports of SCC in white patients with chronic DLE. However, it is uncommon in blacks and Asians. The etiology of squamous cell carcinoma is multifactorial. The predisposing factors for the development of SCC in these patients include actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, burn scars, arsenic keratosis, and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Of these causes, SCC developing in the lesions of CDLE is very rare. We report a patient who has been evaluated for ten years with a diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus and has squamous cell carcinoma.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Arsenic ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bowen's Disease ; Burns ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Causality ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid*

OBJECTIVE: Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) is a X-linked recessive disease and results from mutation in the dystrophin gene. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in prenatal genetic diagnosis of DMD. METHODS: DNA was isolated from DMD family's blood and fetal amniocyte and used to perform PCR-RFLP. In DMD family(3 cases), linkage analysis was tried with 5 RFLP probes. RESULTS: DMDs of the family A had mutiple exon deletions(6, 8, 12, 13, 17). The mother was a heterozygote of pERT84;MaeIII. The male fetus had a same allele and also same exon deletions with the affected males. The pregnancy was terminated at IUP 18 gestational weeks. Pregnant woman of the family B was heterozygote of both pERT84;MaeIII and pERT87-15;BamHI, and pregnant woman of the family C was of pERT84;MaeIII. The both male fetuses , as compared with the affected male of each family, had a different allele. Thus, the fetuses were probably not affected with a confidence level of 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal diagnosis in prevention of DMD is most important. PCR-RFLP analysis in DMD family is rapid and useful diagnostic tool.
Alleles ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Dystrophin ; Exons ; Female ; Fetus ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis*