No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Transesophageal*

No abstract available.

Tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) lymphocytes contain immunologically sensitized to tumor but functionally deficient T cells. The 30 kDa protein antigen, a major secreted protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, exhibits strong T cell stimulatory effect. In this study, it examined that the feasibility of using M tuberculosis 30 kDa antigen to stimulate tumor-draining lymph node cells for the generation of specific immune effector cells. Freshly isolated TDLN lymphocytes could directly respond to the 30 kDa antigen alone and their proliferative responses were markedly augmented by stimulation with rIL-2. TDLN cells were stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen for various time intervals and examined for the induction of IFN-r and IL-4 mRNA using RT-PCR. The expression of IFN-r mRNA was greatly augmented after 1 wk, whereas IL-4 mRNA is markedly decreased after 1 wk. Cytotoxic T cell activities induced by the 30 kDa antigen was also evaluated. TDLN cells stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen alone were able to generate remarkable cytotoxic response to K562 or Daudi cell lines after 6 days of culture. And their cytotoxic effects were highly augmented by stirnulation with rIL-2. These results suggest that the 30 kDa antigen of M. tuberculosis may selectively activate Thl cells of TDLN lymhocytes and induce the cytotoxic T cell activities. In conclusion, the 30 kDa antigen can be used as a biologic response modifier in tumor immunology.
Allergy and Immunology ; Cell Line ; Interleukin-4 ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th1 Cells* ; Tuberculosis

We report a case of congenital giant pigmented nevus with malignant melanoma of brain in a 14-year-old male patient. He had giant pigmented nevus on the back and neck, and multiple satellite lesions over the whole body since birth. One year prior to visit to our hospital, the patient suffered from various neurologie symptoms including headache, nausea, vomiting, seizure and right side motor weakness. Flistologic findings of skin lesions were benign nevocytic nevi. Computed tomogram of brain demonstrated increased densities in the both fronto-parietal leptameninges and brain parenchyme. Histologic findings of brain parenchyme by stereotaxic long needle biopsy showed the infiltration of melanin containing atypical melanocytes. There was no evidence of malignant melanoma at other organs. All of these findings suggested that origin of malignant melanoma of brain parenchyme was leptomeninges rather than skin.
Adolescent ; Biopsy, Needle ; Brain* ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma* ; Nausea ; Neck ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented* ; Parturition ; Seizures ; Skin ; Vomiting

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hypothermia on the recovery time after either vecuronium or atracurium given by repeated bolus injection, and to determine the adequate time of administration of neuromuscular blockers during cardiopulmonary bypass. Two groups of 10 patients each were studied before(Tl), during(T2) and after(T3) hypothermia. Following an initial intravenous bolus dose of 2X ED95 of either vecuronium(Group I) or atracurium(Group II), repeated bolus dose of ED95 was injected whenever twitch tension had returned to 20% block of train-of-four response before bypass of control As a result, the action duration of vecuronium(from injection of loading dose to twitch tension=20%) was 29.5+/-5.5 mins, 103.1+/-12.0 mins and 70.8+/-9.9 mins before, during and after hypothermia, respectively. The eorresponding values for atracurium were 26.3+/-5.1 mins, 85.7+/-11.4 mins and 42.5+/-5.1 mins. We conclude that hypothermia increases significantly the duration of action of both muscle relaxants(P<0.001) and vecuronium is influenced by hypothermia more than atracurium. The rate of recovery of twitch height after hypothermia is more rapid in atracurium than vecuronium(P<0.001). Single bolus injection of ED95 of vecuronium administered just before cardiopulmonary bypass is suitable for maintaining the neuromuscular block throughout cardiopulmonary bypass.
Atracurium* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Vecuronium Bromide*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of breathing exercises performed using panflutes in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. METHODS: The study design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-post test. The study included 24 patients in both the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed a daily breathing exercise regimen using panflutes for 30minutes after meals, whereas the control group was provided standard preoperative education, including breathing exercises using incentive spirometers. After the exercise regimen, breathing exercise compliance, pulmonary infections, and life satisfaction were measured in both groups, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The compliance rate of breathing exercises was significantly higher in the experimental group. The experimental group presented no pulmonary infections in the later period, whereas the control group presented higher pulmonary infection rates in the same period. In addition, the life satisfaction score in the experimental group significantly increased. CONCLUSION: The breathing exercise program using panflutes for elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery enhanced their breathing exercise compliance and their daily life satisfaction in addition to reducing their pulmonary infection rates.
Aged* ; Breathing Exercises ; Compliance* ; Education ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Meals ; Motivation ; Patient Compliance ; Personal Satisfaction ; Postoperative Complications ; Respiration* ; Work of Breathing

BACKGROUD: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the ictal semiology, interictal and ictal electro-encephalography(EEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), interictal and ictal single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT), positron emission tomography(PET) and neuropsychometry for localization or lateralization of the ictal onset zone, and analyze the result of surgical treatment. METHODS: We evaluated 13 children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, who are diagnosed at children's hospital of Seoul National University, from January 1995 to August 1996. The ictal onset zone was determined by ictal semiology, electrophysiologic study, structural and functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychometry. RESULTS: 1) Ictal semiology : Sixty-nine% of the studied children had change of consciousness, 62% had automatism, 31% had aura, 23% had contralateral versive movement, and 23% had contralateral dystonic posturing. Secondarily generalized seizure occured in 38% of them. 2) Interictal EEG showed localized or lateralized value in 8 cases(62%). In interictal EEG, 12 cases(92%) showed epileptiform discharges on the ipsilateral temporal lobe. 3) Magnetic resonance imaging revealed ipsilateral temporal lobe lesion in 8 cases(62%). Interictal SPECT was performed in 6 cases, only one of them had decreased cerebral blood flow on the ipsilateral temporal lobe. Ictal SECT was done in all, 8 cases(67%) had localized or lateralized value. PET was performed in 11 cases, 8 cases(73%) of them had localized or lateralized value. 4) Neuropsychometry was performed in 7 cases, 6 cases(86%) of them had localized or lateralized value. 5) Nine patients underwent epileptic surgery, 6 of them had class I outcome and each one of the rest had class II, class III and class IV. CONCLUSIONS: Electroencephalography, neuropsychometry, MRI, ictal SPECT, and PET are valuable for localization and lateralization of the ictal onset zone, but interictal SPECT is valuless. The outcome after surgery is relatively good, but more extensive study including patient's social, cognitive and emotional status will be necessary.
Automatism ; Brain ; Child* ; Consciousness ; Electroencephalography ; Electrons ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Temporal Lobe* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

No abstract available
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Eczema* ; Humans ; Nipples*

A case of the brain death confirmed by isotope angiogrphy is described. Isotope angiography is a simple and noninvasive technic compared to carotid angiography, and is recommended as a reliable test for the diagnosis of brain death.
Angiography* ; Brain Death* ; Brain* ; Diagnosis

A case of the brain death confirmed by isotope angiogrphy is described. Isotope angiography is a simple and noninvasive technic compared to carotid angiography, and is recommended as a reliable test for the diagnosis of brain death.
Angiography* ; Brain Death* ; Brain* ; Diagnosis