No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor*

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Superovulation*

An ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node recurrence of breast cancer after surgery has been considered a predecessor to distant metastases. There still is a debate as to whether breast carcinoma patients with the isolated supraclavicular lymph node recurrence should be considered to have disseminated disease or if aggressive treatment, with curative intent, is justified. We report two cases of an isolated ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node recurrence following modified radical mastectomy, and multimodality treatments with modified radical neck dissection, systemic chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy. These patients have lived without locoregional recurrence or distant metastases for 3 and 2 years, respectively. Conclusively, we recommend aggressive combined multimodality treatments, including surgery, such as modified radical neck dissection or complete excision of the involved lymph nodes, systemic chemotherapy, and involved field radiotherapy, in patients with isolated supraclavicular lymph node recurrence, but with no other evidence of distant metastases.
Breast Neoplasms ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence

Consideration of the nutritional status of patients with acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation is important for effective patient assessment and management. Patients with acute respiratory failure are at a high risk for developing malnutrition. High glucose intakes given during the administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have been demonstrated to increase CO2 production. The workload imposed by the high CO2 production may precipitate respiratory distress in patients experiencing compromised pulmonary function. The authors report a case of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation in patient with post-operative ARDS by proper nutritional support and by changing the proportion of calories derived from carbohydrates and fats. Substitution of fat calories for carbohydrate in TNA solutions can reduce CO2 production and help wean patients from mechanical ventilation. Conclusively, the TNA (total nutrients admixture) system is more beneficial to patients with acute respiratory failure due to less CO2 production and surfactant production than TPN. For patients with hypercapnia, providing 25% to 30% of calories as carbohydrate and 50% to 55% of calories from fat may be beneficial.
Carbohydrates ; Fats ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Malnutrition ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritional Support* ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilator Weaning* ; Ventilators, Mechanical* ; Weaning

BACKGROUND: Automated external defibrillator(AED) represent a major breakdown to permit more widespread application of the principle of early defibrillation. Many recent efforts to improve emergency medical services(EMS) and increase survival rates are simply efforts to get defibrillation to patients as rapidly as possible. AED is major innovation for the prehospital care of ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the course of initial training to three different groups(nurses, firefighters, and EMT trainee) to use AED. METHOD: We studies the efficacy of education of AED to 33 nurses, 15 EMT trainee, and 16 firefighters. Training lasted 75 mins and included 45 mins an overview of defibrillation, protocols for using the AED, and operation of the AED(Laerdal Heartstart 3000),15 mins demonstraion.4 check list was used to grade the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, operation of the AED, and the time required to deliver the first three defibrillations. RESULT: There were no statistically significant differences in performance and time required to deliver an electrical countershock among the groups(p=0.4). To the second test 92fo of all group completed all steps successfully. The step most often foiled was the preparing of the AED for defibrillation. CONCLUSION: In nurses, EMT trainee, and firefighters, it is both feasible and effective to train AED use irrespective of the degree of the trainee.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Defibrillators* ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Firefighters* ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Survival Rate ; Ventricular Fibrillation

PURPOSE: Usually papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) grows very slowly with a good prognosis, although it frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and shows multiple tumor formation in the thyroid. Therefore, how to treat papillary microcarcinoma has been controversial. Recently several studies reported that some ultrasonographic features may potentially reflect the biological aggressiveness of a lesion. We investigated which ultrasonographic findings can reflect aggressive characteristics and whether US can helpful in selecting the appropriate surgical treatment of PMC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative ultrasonographic findings and pathologic risk factors of 68 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for PMC at the Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital from January 2004 to December 2005. RESULTS: The incidences of multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis of PMC were 42.6%, 48.5% and 20.6%, respectively. The Mean sizes of PMC were no significant differences according to age, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, stage and AMES risk group, and tumor size more than 5 mm was not linked to pathologic prognostic factors. Cases demonstrating multiple nodules in the unilateral or bilateral lobes, as well as those with fine strong calcifications in the tumor on US, were directly linked to multifocality on pathologic finding. US is insensitive technique for detecting lymph node metastasis and it's sensitivity was only 14.3%, but it's positive predictive value and specificity were high (100%). CONCLUSION: The date suggested that complete surgery with appropriate nodal dissection should be performed in patients with PMC which their US demonstrating multiple nodules in the unilateral or bilateral lobes, fine strong calcifications echoes in tumor and US-detected node metastasis.
Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Protestantism ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Various factors have been cited in the morbidity of small bowel resections, but their clinical importance is uncertain. We wanted to know what were the significant risk factors elevating the morbidity and how to reduce the morbidity of small bowel resections effectively. METHODS: A retrospective study was done for 107 patients who had undergone small bowel resections from Jan. 1992 to Jul. 1999. The patients were evaluated based on sex and age, the cause and site of resection, the presence of previous abdominal operations, the morbidity, the mortality, and the cause of death in order to determine their clinical significance for small bowel resections. Also the differences of morbidity were analyzed according to the risk factors of old age, pre-op hypotension and hypoalbuminemia, the cause of resection, emergency operation, the presence of a previous abdominal operation, the length of the resection, the presence of associated chronic illness, and spillage of the intestinal content. RESULTS: Complications after small bowel resections occurred in 41 cases (38.3%). The morbidity was significantly increased in the cases with associated chronic illness and spillage of intestinal content by perforation combined with strangulation (p<0.05). Factors such as old age, hypotension, hypoalbuminemia, cause of resection, emergency operation, the length of the resection and spillage of intestinal contents by simple perforation elevated the morbidity, but this result is not statistically significant (0.050.5). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that intensive peri-operative care, a rapid and precise operative technique, and the surgeon's efforts can decrease the morbidity and the mortality after small bowel resections. The selection of the high risk patients should be done based on the surgeon's knowledge of the risk factors including associated chronic illness, and cumulative data obtained by using instituted surveillance for morbidity.
Cause of Death ; Chronic Disease ; Emergencies ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hypotension ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the indications, clinical features, cytogenetic results and complications of amniocentesis and to determine the efficacy of antenatal genetic amniocentesis. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively maternal age, gestational age, indications, transplacental puncture, frequency, discoloration of amniotic fluid, karyotype and complications in 325 cases of prenatal genetic amniocentesis performed at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2000 to December 2002. RESULTS: The most common age group was from 30 to 34 (31.4%) and mean age was 32.7 years old. 85.3% of cases were performed at 16th-20th gestational weeks. Abnormal maternal serum markers were the most common indication of amniocentesis (56.0%) and the second most common indication was maternal age over 35 (33.2%). Abnormal karyotypes were found in 12 cases (3.6%) and normal variants were 21 cases (6.5%). Numerical aberration were 9 cases (2.7%) and structural aberration were 3 cases (0.3%). Among the autosomal aberrations, Down syndromes were 5 cases and Edward syndrome was 1 case. Among the sex chromosomal aberrations, 47,XXX were 2 cases and Turner syndrome was 1 case. As the increasing maternal age, the incidence of abnormal karyotype was increased. Procedure-related complications occurred in 11.7% of cases and fetal loss rate was 7.4%. No significant associations were found between procedure-related complications and maternal age, gestational age, transplacental puncture, frequency, discoloration of amniotic fluid, and antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION: Amniocentesis is useful for prenatal genetic diagnosis in pregnancies with increasing risk of chromosome aberrations, such as advanced maternal age, abnormal maternal serum markers or abnormal US findings. Further studies are necessary to identify risk factors of complications after invasive procedure.
Abnormal Karyotype ; Amniocentesis* ; Amniotic Fluid ; Biomarkers ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cytogenetic Analysis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Karyotype ; Maternal Age ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Turner Syndrome

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Oocyte Donation* ; Oocytes*