PURPOSE: This study set out to investigate the safety and efficacy of doxazosin treatment in symptomatic patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 237 male patients aged 50 or over with clinical evidence of BPH were enrolled into this 12-week, open, baseline-controlled, dose-response study. A run-in period of 2 weeks placebo treatment was followed by 10 weeks of doxazosin treatment. The initial dose was 1mg per day which, at 2-week intervals, could have been titrated up to 2, 4, or 8mg per day. Efficacy, in terms of International Prostate Symptom Score(I-PSS) and blood pressure(BP), was assessed from Week 6 onwards. RESULTS: A total of 180 patients(mean age 65.3 years) completed the study, with the most common reason for withdrawal being lost to follow-up(35 cases); four patients were withdrawn due to adverse events. Mean I-PSS score was reduced by 48.8%(from 21.5 at baseline to 11 at completion). Subset analysis of normo- or hypertensive patients showed that in the 26 hypertensive patients mean systolic BP was reduced by 12.3%(-19mmHg) and mean diastolic BP by 13.7%(-14mmHg), whereas in normotensive patients the reductions were 4.0%(-5mmHg) and 1.9%(-1.5mmHg), respectively. No differences in I-PSS improvements were seen between these two groups. The effects of age were also investigated and showed no significant differences in the changes in blood pressure for older patients(> or =65 years; n=91 ) compared with younger patients(7.5/5.8mmHg compared with 6.5/5.0mmHg). There were no differences in I-PSS improvement. Twenty eight adverse events were reported by 16 patients, the most commomly reported events being dizziness, postural hypotension, and headache. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness and safety of doxazosin in the treatment of BPH was confirmed in this Korean population, with significant improvements in I-PSS regardless of patient age and blood pressure at baseline. The baseline I-PSS was higher than is commonly seen in European populations, indicating a greater disease severity.
Blood Pressure ; Dizziness ; Doxazosin* ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Korea ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of terazosin, a selective alpha-1 blocker, in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Korea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a 24-month, open-label, baseline-controlled study with patients evaluated at 1-to 6-month intervals. A total of 228 male patients aged 50 years or older who had clinical evidence of BPH were enrolled. Terazosin was given starting at 1 mg per day and then maintained at a dose of 3-4 mg daily. Efficacy, as judged by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the blood pressure (BP) were assessed according to the schedule. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients completed the study, with the most common reasons for withdrawal being loss to follow-up or adverse events. The mean IPSS was reduced by 35% or greater. In the hypertensive patients, the mean systolic BP was reduced by 11.9%(-18 mmHg) and the mean diastolic BP by 16.8%(-17 mmHg), whereas in normotensive patients, the reductions were 4.0% (-5 mmHg) and 1.2% (-1 mmHg), respectively. There were no significant differences in the IPSS improvement in these two groups. Forty-nine adverse events were reported by 32 patients, the most common being dizziness, postural hypotension, and headache. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that terazosin is effective and well tolerated in long-term treatment of patients with BPH.
Appointments and Schedules ; Blood Pressure ; Dizziness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Korea ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

PURPOSE: We determined the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI), ZM260603 on the growth of prostate cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the synthetic TKI, ZM260603, cytotoxicity test and cell cycle analysis were performed on LNCaP, DU-145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. The bcl-2 and bax protein expressions were observed in PC3 prostate cancer cell line by western blotting. The inhibitory effect of TKI was determined under the presence or absence of dehydrotestosterone, in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. RESULTS: The synthetic TKI, ZM260603 showed definite cytotoxicity on all prostate cancer cell lines studied regardless of androgen-dependency. The IC50 were 0.35+/-0.08microM, 0.12+/-0.06microM and 0.21+/-0.09microM for LnCaP, DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. The G0/G1 phase arrests were observed commonly in all of these cell lines by flowcytometric analysis. Decrement in bcl-2 expression and increment of bax protein expression in the PC-3 cell line was observed by western blotting. The IC50 of hormone-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell line on TKI was increased about four folds by the addition of dihydrotestosterone. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the changes in the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins are related with inhibitory process of the synthetic TKI, ZM260,603 on the growth of prostate cancer cell lines. Androgen seems to act as compromising or weakening the effects of TKI in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, although the exact relationships between androgen-dependency and bcl-2 expression are unclear.
bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases* ; Tyrosine*

PURPOSE: It is presumed that lower urinary tract symptom(LUTS) and hypertension are related to the age-dependent sympathetic activity. Thus, the attempt to elucidate a correlation between these two conditions can be important in their management. We investigated the relationship between LUTS and hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 1997, 1011 men(422 from routine physical checkup, 288 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) patients, 301 hypertension patients) over 50 years were enrolled. The international prostate symptom score(IPSS) and blood pressure were recorded in all. 422 men from physical checkup were grouped into 4 categories according to the presence of LUTS(IPSS> or =8) or hypertension(systolic> or =140mmHg, diastolic> or =90mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension, and the degree of LUTS were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with t-test, chi-square test and Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension was not significantly different between the LUTS(n=177) and non-LUTS groups(n=245)(38.4% vs 35.9%, p=0.600) in men from physical checkup. There was no difference according to age(p=0.513). The prevalence of hypertension was 39.6% in the BPH group(N=288) and was not different compared to the non-LUTS group(n=245)(p=0.385). No significant difference in the prevalence of LUTS was seen between hypertensives(n=156) and normotensives(n=266)(53.2% vs 48.2%, p=0.447) in the physical checkup group. However, their mean IPSS (8.9+/-6.5 vs 7.6+/-5.6) were significantly different(p=0.030). The mean IPSS between hypertensives(15.21+/-4.5) and normotensives(12.75+/-5.0) from the LUTS group(n=178) were significantly different(p=0.002). The mean IPSS of the patients with hypertension(n=301, 9.6+/-5.9) was significantly higher than normotensive men(n=266, 7.6+/-5.6) from physical checkup(p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension and LUTS including BPH do not correlate prevalence-wise, however, hypertension may affect the degree of IPSS.
Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Genes, ras* ; Humans

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Caloric test and rotatory chair test have been adopted in diagnosing bilateral vestibulopathy. However, most of patients who were confirmed by the diagnostic testing not complained typical symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy such as ossilopsia and ataxia. Patients who do not have typical symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy, were often diagnosed with bilateral vestibulopathy by caloric test and slow harmonic acceleration test (SHA). The aim of this study is to assess the clinical features between groups classified according to the caloric test and SHA test, and possibly to investigate the representative test in the diagnosis of bilateral vestibulopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients were divided into three groups: (A) patients diagnosed with the caloric test only, (B) patients diagnosed with SHA test only, (C) patients satisfying the diagnostic criteria of both tests. Clinical characteristics, the results of physical examination, hearing test and vestibular function test (VFT) were compared among three groups. Results: There was no difference in clinical characteristics and results of physical examination among three groups. Regarding VFT results, only in step velocity test, The proportion of patients who showed low gain value on both sides were higher in group C than that of group A and B. No difference was observed in the other VFT results among three groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in clinical characteristics and results of physical examination among three groups. Regarding VFT results, only in step velocity test, The proportion of patients who showed low gain value on both sides were higher in group C than that of group A and B. No difference was observed in the other VFT results among three groups. CONCLUSION: We could not predict the clinical features of bilateral vestibulopathy by the results of VFT, and could not find preferable test in diagnosing bilateral vestibulopathy.
Acceleration ; Ataxia ; Caloric Tests ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Vestibular Function Tests

PURPOSE: To traditional treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fracture has been a traction and spica cast application. But flexible intramedullary nail fixation has been introduced as an alternative to other treatment modalities. With this in mind, we analyzed the clinical and radiologic results of flexible intramedullary nail fixation of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 12 patients (13 cases) who were treated with flexible intramedullary nail and followed up for at least 6 months at the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital since May, 2002. RESULTS: In all 12 patients (13 cases) involving 1 case with reoperation because of reduction failure, average duration of bone union was 12.6 weeks. There were no considerable complications except mild post-op knee pain and limitation of motion. CONCLUSION: In spite of relatively short term study, a flexible intramedullary nail fixation seems to be a useful method without serious complications on pediatric femoral shaft fracture. However, in big or older pediatric patients, interlocking intramedullary nail fixation may be a better choice rather than a flexible nail fixation because of it's insufficient stability.
Humans ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Reoperation ; Traction

A serious midface defect involving resection of squamous cell carcinoma originating from the hard palate was treated by an unusual reconstructive strategy. After tumor resection, surgical reconstruction was accomplished in one stage using one free flap with one distant and local flap: a radial forearm flap to reconstruct the upper lip, a forehead flap to reconstruct the external nose, a cantilever calvarial bone graft to replace the nasal skeleton and a nasolabial flap and split thickness skin graft to cover the internal nasal lining. The rationale for this one-stage reconstruction and the problems associated with midfacial reconstruction after wide tumor excision are discussed.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Forearm ; Forehead ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Lip ; Nose ; Palate, Hard ; Skeleton ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Transplants

Angioleiomyoma is a benign myogenic tumor that may develop wherever smooth muscle is present. It occurs commonly in the uterus, skin, and gastrointestinal tract and is rare within the nasal cavity, but only three of 24 reported cases of sinonasal leiomyoma may have originated from the nasal septum. Treatment of choice for these neoplasms is surgical excision. We present one case of nasal septal angioleiomyoma arising from the nasal septum with symptoms of nasal obstruction and epistaxis, which were successfully removed by endoscopic surgery.
Angiomyoma* ; Epistaxis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Leiomyoma ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Septum* ; Skin ; Uterus

With the wide use of button battery in everyday life, the risk associated with its use is also increasing. Mechanical pressure, chemical and electrical burn caused by button battery in the nasal cavity result in necrosis. Prolonged presence of button battery in the nasal cavity may also incur serious side effects of cosmetic nature, including saddle nose. Thus prompt diagnosis and treatment is important when button battery is detected in the nasal cavity. We present two cases of button battery in the nasal cavity with review of literatures.
Burns ; Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Nasal Cavity* ; Necrosis ; Nose