PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum cystatin C and clinical manifestations in pediatric patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). METHODS: We studied 137 patients admitted with UTIs from June 2012 to May 2014. Depending on the presence of renal cortical defects on 99m Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy, we classified patients into non-renal and renal defect groups. Laboratory and clinical parameters were analyzed, including the levels of serum cystatin C. The correlation between cystatin C and other variables was assessed. RESULTS: Serum cystatin C levels did not differ between the non-renal and renal defect groups. In both groups, serum cystatin C levels increased after 4-5 days of treatment, compared with the level at admission (P<0.001). However, mean levels were within normal ranges. The concentration of serum cystatin C positively correlated with serum creatinine and negatively correlated with age (P<0.05). In contrast, there was no correlation between serum cystatin C and other variables. CONCLUSION: Serum cystatin C does not appear to be a useful biomarker for renal defects in pediatric patients with UTIs. Further studies are necessary to conclude whether serum cystatin C is helpful in predicting deterioration in renal function in pediatric patients with UTIs.
Child* ; Creatinine ; Cystatin C* ; Humans ; Pyelonephritis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Reference Values ; Urinary Tract Infections*

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to correlate the CT and histopathologic findings of abscess wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings of 12 patients with pathologically proven brain abscess were retrospectively analyzed with particular attention to the thickness, smoothness and uniformity of enhancing abscess wall, and the results were correlated with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Two patients with acute cerebritis showed an isodense ring on non-contrast CT(NCCT), but a true capsule formation could not be identified at pathologic examination. Six other patients with isodense ring on NCCT consisted of early to late cerebritis(3 cases), late cerebritis to early capsule(1 case), early capsule(1 case), and late capsule(1 case). These 6 cases showed ring enhancement on contrast enhanced CT(CECT) and true capsule formation pathologically. There was no isodense ring on NCCT in the remaining four patients. They consisted of early to late cerebritis(2 cases), late cerebritis(1 case), and late cerebritis to early capsule formation(1 case). These also showed ring enhancement on CECT and true capsule formation pathologically. CONCLUSION: We found that it is difficult to predict the exact stage of brain abscess on preoperative CT findings. It is suggested that clinical findings and sequential dynamic CT may provide more detailed informations for evaluation of abscess staging.
Abscess ; Brain Abscess* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Renal and perinephric abscesses are a rare but potentially fatal complication of urinary tract infection (UTI). Diagnosing renal and perinephric abscesses has been known to be difficult. These abscesses may occur when the appropriate antibiotic treatment for a UTI is delayed, or in cases with a congenital malformation of the urinary system, especially in children. In the present report, we describe 2 cases of renal abscesses with extra-capsular invasion in children with febrile UTI. A 4-month-old male infant with vesicoureteral reflux developed a renal abscess that infiltrated the perinephric area and the left psoas muscle, despite early antibiotic treatment. A 9-year-old boy with prolonged fever also showed a multi-loculated renal abscess that infiltrated the spleen and diaphragm. Both patients were successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics and percutaneous drainage.
Abscess* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child* ; Diaphragm ; Drainage ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Psoas Muscles ; Spleen ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Herein, a new left renal vein stenting procedure (expandable metallic stent placement), which provided relief for an 18-year-old man incapacitated by an intermittent gross hematuria, is reported. The placement of an expandable metallic stent is a minimally invasive therapy, and a simpler and more physiological therapy than previous approaches to Nutcracker syndrome.
Adolescent ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Renal Veins ; Stents*

Typhoid fever can cause serious complications, such as enterobrosia, meningitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis, osteomyelitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 10-15% of the patients. Kidney complications are very rare, and a few cases have been reported in children. We are reporting a case of childhood typhoid fever complicated with acute nephritis present with albuminuria, hypertension, and renal failure.
Albuminuria ; Child ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Meningitis ; Myocarditis ; Nephritis* ; Osteomyelitis ; Pneumonia ; Renal Insufficiency ; Typhoid Fever*

PURPOSE: Helicopter parenting is emerging in parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children. The aims of this study were to develop a Korean version of the Helicopter Parenting and Autonomy Supportive Behaviors Scale (HPASB). METHODS: The HPASB questionnaire items were translated into Korean and reviewed by experts and Content Validity Index (CVI) in a preliminary study with 10 university students. During September and October, 2014 data were collected from 229 nursing students from five different universities in different locations. For data analysis, SPSS 21.0 statistics which included exploratory factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA were utilized. RESULTS: Content validity was over CVI .8. The 6 factors of K-HPASB were extracted and accounted for 59.30% of variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .71 indicating high reliability. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the HPASB was identified as a scale with a high degree of validity and reliability. The results of this study provide a valuable scale which can be useful in the study of parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children in Korea. To enhance the positive aspect of helicopter parenting, we suggest the development of intervention programs on parenting.
Adolescent ; Adult Children ; Aircraft* ; Humans ; Korea ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing

A traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst is a rare complication of blunt thoracic trauma. The clinical symptoms and signs are similar to other respiratory diseases, such as pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, a trauma history with the resulting radiologic and clinical findings is important for making a diagnosis. A 26-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to cough for 3 days. The chest x-ray revealed diffuse infiltrations and a cavitary lesion at the left lung. His left chest had hit a tree as a result of motorcycle accident one day before admission. Initially, it was assumed that his symptoms and chest X-ray might be due to a tuberculosis infection. However, bronchoscopy revealed old blood clots at both lungs, particularly in the left lower lobe bronchus. A transbronchial lung biopsy showed alveolar hemorrhage. A traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst was diagnosed from his trauma history and these findings. Computed tomography of the chest performed 4 months later showed regression of the cavitary lesion.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Male ; Motorcycles ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for non-humidified low flow oxygen by nasal cannula and to provide a guide for consistent care in nursing practice. METHODS: A methodological study on the development of guidelines with experts' opinions on collected items, framing PICO questions, evaluating and synthesizing texts which were searched with the key words (low flow oxygen, nasal cannula, humidification of oxygen, guideline) from web search engines. RESULTS: Of the 45 researched texts on the web, 9 texts relevant to the theme were synthesized and evaluated. All patients with humidified or non-humidified oxygen therapy reported that they had no discomfort. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that there are no tangible grounds for patients' perceived differences between the humidified and non-humidified oxygen under 4L/min supplied by nasal cannula. with oxygen. Therefore, non-humidification oxygen therapy is strongly advised when suppling under 4L/min oxygen by nasal cannula (recommended grade A).
Catheters ; Humans ; Oxygen

PURPOSE: Helicopter parenting is an emerging concept as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children. However, helicopter parenting from a nursing perspective has not been elucidated. Therefore, we undertook a concept analysis to understand the attributes, antecedents and consequences of helicopter parenting in the context of nursing. METHODS: Using Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis, we analyzed literature on helicopter parenting to discover critical attributes, antecedents, and consequences of this phenomenon. Data were collected from seven electronic search engines. Twelve studies matching inclusion criteria were reviewed RESULTS: Three core attributes of helicopter parenting were hovering, highly deep involvement, and proxy decision making. The antecedents and consequences were retrieved from three important domains including social, parent, and child aspects. Surrogate terms were black hawk, hummingbird, and hovercraft parenting, and related terms were stealth fighter and Kamikaze parenting. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, helicopter parenting has both positive and negative effects on both children and parents. To enhance the positive effects, measurement tools for helicopter parenting and nursing interventions on parenting need to be developed.
Adolescent ; Adult Children ; Aircraft* ; Child ; Concept Formation ; Decision Making ; Family Relations ; Hawks ; Humans ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Proxy ; Search Engine

Fabry's disease, angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, is a rare X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism due to the lack of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A, resulting in a progressive intracellular deposition of neutral glycosphingolipids in various tissues, including the dorsal root ganglia, autonomic nervous system, vascular endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Clinical manifestations of Fabry's disease result predominantly from the progressive deposition of globotriaocylceramide in the nervous system or vascular endothelium, and are characterized by acro-paresthesia, angiokeratoma, corneal opacity, TIA or stroke, ischemic heart disease, and renal failure. We report a case of a 19-year-old man presenting with a 12-year history of severe distal pain, acroparesthesia, short stature, and delayed puberty. An enzymatic assay disclosed substantially diminished alpha-galactosidase A activity and an electron microscopy of the peripheral nerve showed lipid inclusions which were composed of concentrically laminated, ovoid osmiophilic bodies in the perineural fibroblast and endothelial cells. These findings are typical of Fabry's disease and additional genetic study revealed deletion mutation(TTAG) at the 6th exon of the alpha-galactosidase A gene, which is a novel mutation that had never been reported in literatures. Symptomatic treatment with carbamazepine and clonazepam was tried with a good response.
alpha-Galactosidase ; Angiokeratoma ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Carbamazepine ; Clonazepam ; Corneal Opacity ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Enzyme Assays ; Exons* ; Fabry Disease* ; Fibroblasts ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Nervous System ; Neutral Glycosphingolipids ; Peripheral Nerves ; Puberty, Delayed ; Renal Insufficiency ; Stroke ; Young Adult