The goal of this study was to develop a method to measure the degree of hope of mothers whom their children have cancer. Data collection was held on 144 mothers who had their children diagnosed as cancer, and were treated in C hospital and S hospital located in Seoul. The data was collected from January to August of the year 1999, and collected data was then computerized for T-test, factor analysis and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1) The measurement method used to measure the degree of hope was divided into 7 categories and composed of 35 questions in total. The level of confidence was 0.90. The 7 categories were named 'gaining insight into life' , 'realizing oneself's own role in life' , 'attempting a change in life' , 'taking in destiny' , 'having trust in the treatment being held out by the medical faculty' , 'recognizing or escaping from reality''obtaining support from religion' respectively. 2) The average score of mothers with cancer children was 3.22. The 6th category 'recognizing or escaping from reality' , had the highest score and the 1st category of 'gaining insight into life' the lowest. 3) The degree of hope did not have any differences according to the general characteristics of the children with cancer and the characteristics of the disease. However there was a difference following the characteristics of the mothers with cancer children. Mothers with jobs tend to have scored higher compared with mothers without any occupation.
Child* ; Data Collection ; Hope* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Occupations ; Seoul ; United Nations ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Humans ; Needles* ; Peritonsillar Abscess*

Verrucous carcinoma is a low-grade squamous cell carcinoma first described in 1948 by Ackerman. It is a slowly growing, fungating and verrucous tumor that may penetrate deep into the tissue. There are many causative agents such as HPV infection, chronic irritation, radiation, and etc. We report a case of verrucous carcinoma developed at the wrist joint, a relatively unusual site.

In neuronal recording studies on anesthetized animals, reliable measures for the transitional moment of consciousness are frequently required. Previous findings suggest that pupil fluctuations reflect the neuronal states during quiet wakefulness, whose correlation was unknown for the anesthetized condition. Here, we investigated the pupillary changes under isoflurane anesthesia simultaneously with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG). The pupil was tracked by using a region-based active contour model. The dose was given to the animal in a stepwise increasing mode (simulating induction of anesthesia) or in a stepwise decreasing mode (simulating emergence of anesthesia). We found that the quickly widening pupil action (mydriasis) characterizes the transitional state in anesthesia. Mydriasis occurred only in the light dose in the emergence phase, and the events were accompanied by an increase of burst activity in the EEG followed by EMG activity in 47% of the mydriasis events. Our findings suggest that recording such pupil changes may offer a noncontact monitoring tool for indexing the transitional state of the brain, particularly when a lower threshold dose is applied.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Brain ; Consciousness ; Electroencephalography ; Isoflurane* ; Mydriasis ; Neurons ; Pupil* ; Wakefulness

In neuronal recording studies on anesthetized animals, reliable measures for the transitional moment of consciousness are frequently required. Previous findings suggest that pupil fluctuations reflect the neuronal states during quiet wakefulness, whose correlation was unknown for the anesthetized condition. Here, we investigated the pupillary changes under isoflurane anesthesia simultaneously with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG). The pupil was tracked by using a region-based active contour model. The dose was given to the animal in a stepwise increasing mode (simulating induction of anesthesia) or in a stepwise decreasing mode (simulating emergence of anesthesia). We found that the quickly widening pupil action (mydriasis) characterizes the transitional state in anesthesia. Mydriasis occurred only in the light dose in the emergence phase, and the events were accompanied by an increase of burst activity in the EEG followed by EMG activity in 47% of the mydriasis events. Our findings suggest that recording such pupil changes may offer a noncontact monitoring tool for indexing the transitional state of the brain, particularly when a lower threshold dose is applied.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Brain ; Consciousness ; Electroencephalography ; Isoflurane* ; Mydriasis ; Neurons ; Pupil* ; Wakefulness

True mixed liposarcomas are extremely rare tumors. We report here on a case of mixed liposarcoma that was composed of well differentiated and pleomorphic liposarcoma. A 76-year-old man presented to us with a mass in his left upper arm. This lesion had been there for twenty years, it was recently growing rapidly and had doubled in size during the recent 2 months. The MR image showed a mass composed of a fat component and a soft tissue component with necrosis. The old fat component was revealed as well differentiated liposarcoma, and the recent growing soft tissue component was revealed as pleomorphic liposarcoma. The two components showed different immunohistochemical results for MDM2.
Aged ; Arm ; Humans ; Liposarcoma* ; Necrosis

As obesity is known to be related to hyperlipidemia, insulin and leptin resistance, and other chronic diseases, much recent research has focused on functional food materials and their anti-obesity activity. This study was performed to study the effects of Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide AIPI on the anti-obesity function in normal rats and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. F344 male rats were divided into four groups: Normal-control (CONT), normal-AIPI, DIO-CONT and DIO-AIPI. The groups were provided with water (in the CONT groups) or another drink for 4 weeks. The final body weights of rats in the DIO-AIPI group were lower than those in the CONT group. Abdominal adipose tissue weight per kg of body weight in the DIO-AIPI group was significantly lower than that in the DIO-CONT group. Also, the final levels of serum-triglyceride, serum-total cholesterol and serum-low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the DIO-AIPI group were lower than those in the DIO-CONT group. Moreover, the serum-high density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the normal-AIPI group was significantly higher than that in the normal-CONT group. Finally, the serum-leptin concentration was significantly lower in the DIO-AIPI group. Total lipid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol contents in the feces of the DIO-AIPI group were as high as 142%, 199%, and 165% of the respective values of the DIO-CONT GROUP. These results indicate that orally administered Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide not only has hypotriglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, but also has the effect of reducing the body weight and the abdominal adipose tissue weights obese rats. Therefore, we expect that Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide AIPI may have an anti-obesity function in F344 diet-induced obese rats.
Abdominal Fat ; Animals ; Artemisia* ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Feces ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Insulin ; Leptin* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Obesity ; Rats* ; Triglycerides ; Water ; Weights and Measures

Polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine he types of human papillomavirus (HPV) causing condylomata acuminata in frozen tissues and paraffinembedded tissues of condylomata acuminata. HPV DNA was detected in 31 of 32 patients with condylomata aciminata. HPV 6 and/or 11, low-risk types in genital carcinogenesis, were present in all cases in whieh HPV was detected. Both types were present in 5 cases. It is, therefore, supposed that there is not much risk of this disease to transform to the invasive cancer in Korean and polymerase chain reaction can be used to deteet HPV and identify its type from paraffin-embedded tissues.
Carcinogenesis ; Condylomata Acuminata* ; DNA ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

Overcrowding of emergency department is a serious and growing problem at St. Mary's Hospital. This has motivated the development of short-stay unit(SSU) as an alternative ward to routine hospital admission and ED discharge. In our hospital a SSU begun to admit patients in January 6, 1997. the SSU received 247 patients from the ED during the eight month interval(January 6, 1997 to August 31, 1997). To examine the utilization of the SSU in ED, we retrospectively analyzed 247 patients admired in SSU from the ED, and compared the average hours per patient with acute gastroenteritis spent in the ED doing the 2-month intervals before(July-August 1996) and after(July-August 1997) the establishment of the SSU. The following results were obtained; 1. The total patients consist of EM 92(37.2%), GS 48(19.4%), IM 24(9.7%), PS 21(8.5%), OS 20(8.1%), OBGY 14(5.7%) and others 28(11.3%). 2. The results of EM patients admitted in SSU from ED 1) Sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.1 and the mean age was 37.3+/-16 years. 2) In diagnosis, acute gastroenteritis was 29 cases(31.5%), multiple contusion 14 cases(15.2%), drug intoxication 12 cases(13%), limb laceration 6 cases(6.5%), tendon rupture offhand 6 cases(6.5%), and others 19 cases(20.6%). 3) Mean length of stay in ED was 9.18 hours. 4) Among 92 patients to the SSU, 79 patients(85.9%) were discharged, 11 patients(11.9%) formally admired to hospital and 2 patients(2.2%) transferred to otherhospital. The mean hospital stay time of the patients admitted to SSU was 2.6 days. 3. There was a significant reduction in the average stay time spent in the ED by treat-and-releasing patients with acute gastroenteritis after the establishment of the SSU(from 14.65+/-9.6 to 7.52+/-5.4 hr/patient, p<0.001). Conclusively, the establishment of the SSU can shorten the average stay time that treat-and-releasing patients spend in the ED, and reduce the number of admixed patients waiting in the ED.
Contusions ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Extremities ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Sex Ratio ; Tendons

A patient with cutaneous sarcoidosis was treated with thalidomide for steroid unresponsive sarcoidal granulomas of the skin. The duration of the therapy was 16 weeks, during which time, the skin lesions showed clinically and histologically improvement. The initial dosage was 50mg a day, which was increased to 100mg a day after 5 weeks. No side effect was noted. The good response of sarcoidal granulomas of the skin to thalidomide observed in this patient demonstrates the usefulness of this drug as a possible long-term monotherapeutic or steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis.
Granuloma ; Humans ; Sarcoidosis* ; Skin ; Thalidomide*