Purpose: This study compares the clinical features of children who underwent Hotz’s operation for epiblepharon before and after the COVID-19 pandemic focusing on body mass index (BMI). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the randomized charts of 976 children diagnosed with epiblepharon who underwent Hotz’s operation in our hospital from March 2016 to December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent surgery from March 2016 to December 2019 (before the pandemic, group 1) and those who had it from August 2020 to December 2022 (after the pandemic, group 2). Patients were further categorized into age groups (0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 years) for comparison of clinical features. Results: Groups 1 and 2 included 714 and 262 patients, respectively. In group 2, BMI was significantly higher in the 6-8 and 9-11 groups and skin fold height was also higher. Conclusions In regard to clinical features, BMI was greater after the COVID-19 pandemic in children aged 6–11 years, and skin fold height was higher across all age groups. These changes are likely due to lifestyle modifications associated with the pandemic.

Purpose: This study compares the clinical features of children who underwent Hotz’s operation for epiblepharon before and after the COVID-19 pandemic focusing on body mass index (BMI). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the randomized charts of 976 children diagnosed with epiblepharon who underwent Hotz’s operation in our hospital from March 2016 to December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent surgery from March 2016 to December 2019 (before the pandemic, group 1) and those who had it from August 2020 to December 2022 (after the pandemic, group 2). Patients were further categorized into age groups (0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 years) for comparison of clinical features. Results: Groups 1 and 2 included 714 and 262 patients, respectively. In group 2, BMI was significantly higher in the 6-8 and 9-11 groups and skin fold height was also higher. Conclusions In regard to clinical features, BMI was greater after the COVID-19 pandemic in children aged 6–11 years, and skin fold height was higher across all age groups. These changes are likely due to lifestyle modifications associated with the pandemic.

Purpose: This study compares the clinical features of children who underwent Hotz’s operation for epiblepharon before and after the COVID-19 pandemic focusing on body mass index (BMI). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the randomized charts of 976 children diagnosed with epiblepharon who underwent Hotz’s operation in our hospital from March 2016 to December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent surgery from March 2016 to December 2019 (before the pandemic, group 1) and those who had it from August 2020 to December 2022 (after the pandemic, group 2). Patients were further categorized into age groups (0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 years) for comparison of clinical features. Results: Groups 1 and 2 included 714 and 262 patients, respectively. In group 2, BMI was significantly higher in the 6-8 and 9-11 groups and skin fold height was also higher. Conclusions In regard to clinical features, BMI was greater after the COVID-19 pandemic in children aged 6–11 years, and skin fold height was higher across all age groups. These changes are likely due to lifestyle modifications associated with the pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The goal of successful resuscitation is not only to stop the process of ischemia as soon as possible but also to overcome the secondary injury process after resuscitation, which involves a complex interplay of mechanisms. Brain damage accompanying cardiac arrest and resuscitation is frequent and devastating. Cells die by one of two mechanisms: necrosis or delayed neuronal death. Delayed neuronal death may require protein synthesis. Neurons in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus are selectively vulnerable to death after injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Death of these neurons occurs after an interval of 1 or 2 days. We assessed the effects of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide(CHX), on hippocampal neuronal death of rats by using the ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest(VFCA) model. METHODS: The effect of CHX(3mg/kg, s.c.) on hippocampal neuronal death was studied in two groups of 18 rats each, one group being subjected to a 2-min VFCA and the other to a 3-min VFCA. Each group was divided into three subgroups: control(group I,II) without subcutaneous injection of CHX, 'exp-12' of group I/II treated with CHX 12 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 'exp-24' of group I/II treated with CHX 24 hours after ROSC. The coronal sections of the hippocampus levels were stained with hematoxylin-eosin after 72 hours of survival. The histologic damage score(HDS) was used to assign a score to the total number of damaged neurons counted in each of the hippocampal CA1 subfields. RESULTS: 1. There were not significan differences in heart rates, blood pressures, blood sugar, and blood gas in group I & II during the pre-arrest steady state or at 5 min and 30 min after ROSC. 2. In group I & II, the HDS, were significantly reduced in rats(I exp-12, 1.1+/-0.6; I exp-24, 1.3+/-0.5; II exp-12, 1.4+/-0.7; and II exp-24, 1.8+/-0.8) treated with CHX 12 hours or 24 hours after ROSC than control rats(I, 2.5+/-0.9, II, 2.9+/-0.8)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that delayed hippocampal neuronal death from ischemic insult after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation can be prevented by a protein synthesis inhibitor, CHX. Further experimental studies of the action mechanism of protein synthesis inhibitors to delayed neuronal death and clinical applications are required.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Heart Arrest* ; Heart Rate ; Hippocampus ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Ischemia ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Resuscitation ; Ventricular Fibrillation*

Neurenteric cyst is an extremely rare developmental cyst of the central nervous system. It is lined withintestinal epithelium and is usually found in the subarachnoid space of the cervical and thoracic spine. We reporta case of intracranial neurenteric cyst in a 40-year-old man, and describe the MRI findings. This modality showeda large cyst, ventral to the pons and extending bilaterally to the cerebellopontine angles and craniovertebraljunction;its signal was hyperintense on both T-1and T2-weighted images and there is no enhancement on postcontrastT1-weighted images.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Tube Defects* ; Pons ; Spine ; Subarachnoid Space

Irradiation of the posterior segment of the eye resulting from radiotherapy either of local lesions or of extraocular lesions of the adjacent regions(carcinoma of the antrum and nose) has been known to produce delayed retinal vascular changes which develop many months or years after actual irradiation, and may cause disturbances of vision. The authors experienced a case of radiation retinopathy OS in a 37 year old male who received radiotherapy for olfactory neuroblastoma about 9 months ago.
Adult ; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory ; Humans ; Male ; Radiotherapy ; Retinaldehyde

Many investigators have reported that collagen gel contraction reflects the mechanism of wound contraction. In 1995, Tsai et al. reported that hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts in a connective tissue model possessed the greatest contraction potency when compared with those of normal skin and normal oral mucosa-derived CTMs. In this study, we studied the effect of collagen gel contraction by growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-bata1, and transforming growth factor-bata3, Skin fibroblasts used in this study were obtained from the explant of rat skin culture. Fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Growth factors were added per FPCL in the desired concentrations and we measured the collagen gel diameters in growth factor-treated FPCL on day 1,2,3, and 4 respectively after starting incubation. We examined the effects of EGF, PDGF, TGF-bata1, TGF-bata3 and the effects of combinations of TGF-bata1 + EGF, TGF-bata1 + PDGF, and TGF-bata1 + TGF-bata3 to contract a collagen gel. EGF has little influence on collagen gel contraction. TGF-bata1 and TGF-bata3 increase the collagen contraction. TGF-bata1 enhanced the contractility of collagen gel according to the concentrations. While TGF-bata3 alone had stimulatory contraction effects at low dose, high doses of TGF-bata3 decreased the potency of collagen gel contraction. A combination of TGF-bata1 and EGF minimally decrease TGF-bata1 activity. A combination of TGF-bata1and PDGF had an effect similar to TGF-bata1 activity. A combination of TGF-bata1 and TGF-bata3 decreased TGF-bata1 activity. According to reports that FPCL contraction is equivalent to the process of wound contraction, growth factors which enhance gel contraction may be related to wound contraction and wound healing. TGF-bata1 is reported to enhance scar formation in fetal wound. EGF accelerates wound healing and inhibits the promotion of hypertrophic scar formation. Compared to the effect of collagen gel contraction in this study, the combination of TGF-bata1 and TGF-bata3 that inhibited the promotion of collagen gel contraction are thought to diminish the formation of scar tissue. As well, EGF that has not enhanced collagen gel contraction is thought to diminish the production of scar tissue. We will study the interactive effects of TGF-bata3, EGF and TGF-bata1 on the contraction of collagen gels in the future.
Animals ; Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Collagen* ; Connective Tissue ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Fibroblasts ; Gels ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Rats ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

We performed a double-masked, cross-over study of beta-blockers in 20 normal volunteers. The subjects were divided into 4 groups, and 4 different drugs(1% Bentos(R), 0.5% Betagan(R), 2% Mikelan(R) and Placebo) were administered to the 4 groups respectively for each session. The experiment consisted of 4 session, each session being a one week period of drug administration and a subsequent 3 week period of washout. The drugs were administered unilaterally eyery 12 hours for 1 week, and the IOP of the both eyes was measured at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 hours, 1 day, 1 week, 2, 3, and 4 weeks from the time of initial administration. We also investigated the side effects. The results were as follows: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of lowering the intraocular pressure(IOP) between the 3 different beta-blockers. 2. The beta-blockers lowered the mean IOP up to a maximum of 18.7-21% of its original value 3 hours after administration and 15-16.2%, after 1 week. 3. In the contralateral eyes, there was statistically a significant mean IOP decrease after 1, 3, 5, hours, 1 day and 1 week and a mean IOP decrease was 4.1%-4.9% after 1 week. 4. There was a statistically significant IOP decrease of 5.4%-6.7% at 1 week after the cessation of administration. 5. There was no statistically significant alteration of blood pressure, pulse rates, pupillary diameter, corneal sensitivity and Schirmer's test results due to drug administration. 6. The most common ocular side effect was a burning sensation following topical administration of beta-blockers. And the frequency of side effects was highest in 1% Bentos(R), foliowed by 0.5% Betaga(R) and 2% Mikelan(R).
Administration, Topical ; Blood Pressure ; Burns ; Cross-Over Studies ; Healthy Volunteers* ; Heart Rate ; Intraocular Pressure ; Sensation

No abstract available.
Eosinophilic Granuloma* ; Eosinophils*

Azithromycin* ; Doxycycline* ; Scrub Typhus*