No Abstract available.
Infection Control* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No abstract available.
Enterococcus*

No abstract available.
Enterococcus*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: A varicocele is the most common correctable cause of infertility in men. Conventional techniques of varicocele repair are associated with substantial risks of hydrocele formation, varicoele persistence and recurrence. The inguinal approach with classic Palomo technique was used to be simplified the procedure and to get the same good results with the Palomo technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1990 to March 1997, we experienced surgical corrections of 54 patients with varicocele(A mean age 20.3 years) The most of patients were left-sided(96.3%). Until March 1996, surgical correction with Palomo(6 patients) and modified Palomo(13 patients) technique by retroperitoneal approach and Ivanissevich techrique(20 patients) by inguinal approach have been performed, and since April 1996, Palomo technique(15 patients) with inguinal approach has been performed, in which the entire vascular pedicle is ligated superior to the entrance of the was deferens through the inguinal incision. RESULTS: The postoperative recurrences in the modified Palomo technique occurred In two of the 13 patients(15%) and in the Ivanissevich technique in three of the 20 patients(15%). But there were no recurrences In the retroperitoneal Palomo and modified inguinal Palomo techniques. The modified inguinal Palomo technique was completed within 45.3minutes in mean duration, but the standard retroperitoneal Palomo technique within 55.2minutes, modified Palomo technique within 57.2minutes and Ivanissevich technique within 51.4minutes. There was no varicocele recurrence, hydrocele and atrophy of testis in modified inguinal Palomo techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The modified inguinal Palomo technique was easily approachable and relatively fast in our experience and had no recurrence.
Atrophy ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Recurrence ; Testis ; Varicocele*

A clinical observation was made on the diseases of pediatric urology in the Department of Urology, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital during the period from January, 1977 to December, 1979. The results were as follows: 1) Of 779 cases hospitalized, 49 cases(6.3%) were pediatric urologic patients. 2) The school children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen (44.9%). 3) The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly in 28 cases (56.1%) and hydrocele was in 17 cases (34.7%). 4) Fifty operations were performed in 49 cases. The most common operation was orchiopexy in 22 cases. Hydrocelectomy was performed in 17 cases and nephrectomy in 3 cases. 5) The most frequent duration of hospital stay was from 1 to 2 weeks (65.3%).
Arm ; Child ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Nephrectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Urology*

A clinical observation was made on the diseases of pediatric urology in the Department of Urology, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital during the period from January, 1977 to December, 1979. The results were as follows: 1) Of 779 cases hospitalized, 49 cases(6.3%) were pediatric urologic patients. 2) The school children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen (44.9%). 3) The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly in 28 cases (56.1%) and hydrocele was in 17 cases (34.7%). 4) Fifty operations were performed in 49 cases. The most common operation was orchiopexy in 22 cases. Hydrocelectomy was performed in 17 cases and nephrectomy in 3 cases. 5) The most frequent duration of hospital stay was from 1 to 2 weeks (65.3%).
Arm ; Child ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Nephrectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Urology*

Pure ovarian choriocarcinoma of germ cell origin is exceedingly rare neoplasm, and even the presence of choriocarcinomatous elements admixed with other neoplastic germ cell elements is rare. In the most cases, the tumor is admixed with other neoplastic germ cell elemeats, and their presence is diagnostic of noagsatational choriocarcinoma, except for the remote of the tumor being a geatational choriocarcinoma metasttic to an ovarian germ cell tumor. We have experienced a case of nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma in 10 year dld woman. So we report this case with a brief review of its literatures.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Direct observation of healthcare workers is commonly used in hospitals to investigate hand hygiene compliance. However, the hand hygiene compliance rate may increase due to the Hawthorne effect, which is the modification of behavior simply because subjects become aware that they are being observed. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of the Hawthorne effect when directly observing hand hygiene compliance in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel. METHODS: A total of 87 staff members from the coronary care unit and cardiac surgery ICU of a general hospital in Seoul were included in this study: 24 residents and interns, 55 nurses, and 8 nursing assistants. Both covert and overt observations, where subjects were either unaware or aware of any direct observation, were performed on separate occasions. RESULTS: A total of 1,052 covert and 1,336 overt observations were documented over 30 and 34 occasions, respectively. Overall hand hygiene compliance was significantly higher with overt observation than with covert observation (1,041/1,336, 77.9% vs. 659/1,052, 62.6%, P<0.001). The Hawthorne effect was present in all professions and behaviors, with the exception of nursing assistants, and prior to touching a patient. CONCLUSION: Direct observation of hand hygiene compliance was associated with the Hawthorne effect when observations were made overtly and this was likely to contribute to an overestimation of compliance rate.
Compliance ; Coronary Care Units* ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic* ; Hand Hygiene* ; Health Personnel ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Thoracic Surgery*

Objectives: ：The risk of weight gain is high when using antipsychotic drugs, and the prevalence of obesity in people with mental illness is high. Obesity management in psychiatric patients is important because obesity causes various complications and lowers treatment adherence and quality of life. Methods: ：In this review, we summarized the management strategies for obesity that can occur when using antipsychotic drugs through a web search. Results: ：Evaluate obesity-related risk factors and related indicators from the beginning of treatment, and conduct regular monitoring. If an antipsychotic drug is used and obesity is induced, a change to a drug with a low metabolic risk may be attempted. Sufficient interventions are also needed on the need to manage obesity, a healthy diet, and exercises in patients and their families. If weight loss is not achieved and obesity-related complications are associated, the use of anti-obesity drugs may be considered. Pharmacological treatment approaches should be carefully considered. Conclusions ：Non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies can be applied to manage weight gain and obesity caused by the use of antipsychotic drugs. When using anti-obesity drugs, the characteristics of mental disorders, drug safety, and drug interactions should be considered.