Most studies on the pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis by imaging and outcomes after operative or nonoperative treatment of rotator cuff tear have focused on those of full-thickness tears, resulting in limited knowledge of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. However, a partial-thickness tear of the rotator cuff is a common disorder and can be the cause of persistent pain and dysfunction of the shoulder joint in the affected patients. Recent updates in the literatures shows that the partial-thickness tears are not merely mild form of full-thickness tears. Over the last decades, an improved knowledge of pathophysiology and surgical techniques of partial-thickness tears has led to more understanding of the significance of this tear and better outcomes. In this review, we discuss the current concept of management for partial-thickness tears in terms of the pathogenesis, natural history, nonoperative treatment, and surgical outcomes associated with the commonly used repair techniques.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Natural History ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder Joint

No abstract available.
Diatomaceous Earth* ; Pneumoconiosis*

No abstract available.
Breast Diseases* ; Breast* ; Estrogens* ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Estrogen* ; Receptors, Progesterone*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Rickettsia*

Ex.traosseous osteogenic sarcoma is exceedingly rare although bone formation occurs commonly in different reactive processes or neoplasms. Most of this tumors occurred in the lower extremities of middle aged people. The overall prognosis is grave and local recurrence following simple local excision possibly contributes to the poor prognosis. An agressive surgical approach including major amputation is recommended as the primary form of treatment. We have experienced a case of extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma of left gluteal region at the site of therapeutic irradiation for cervical carcinoma 16 years previously.
Amputation ; Buttocks ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Pain, traumatic arthritis, joint stiffness and joint subluxation are common sequelae of fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the finger. Many kinds of methods were used to treat fracture dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The prognosis is greatly influenced by the method and the time of treatment. Authors treated 4 cases of fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint with 3 different method. For a case with small bony fragment, we used the extension block splint of McElfresh. For a old case, we used the volar plate arthroplasty mothod of Eaton. And for two cases with large bony fragment, we used the force couple splint method of Agee after open reduction and internal fixation. The results were satisfactory.
Arthritis ; Arthroplasty ; Dislocations ; Fingers ; Joints ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Splints

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of bone graft or cement fill for tibial bone defect in total knee arthroplasty. 51 knee in 45 patients which had bone graft or cement fill for tibial bone defect of more than 1cm3 in total knee arthroplasty, between March, 1990 and July, 1994 at the department of Orthopedic Surgery in Hanyang University Hospital were followed for average 30 months. Bone grafts were performed in 33 knees and cement fills in 18 knees. The size of tibial defect was measured after removal of sclerotic and dense bone in the tibial plateau. The average size of tibial defect treated by bone graft was 4.9 cm3 in volume, 11 mm in height and the average size of tibial defects treated by cement fills was 1.5cm3 in volume, 6.8 mm in height. The results were as follows ; 1. In true A-P and lateral x-ray checked by fluoroscopic guide, trabecular union was seen in all 33 knees of bone grafts without collapse, loosening and bone resorption. In one of 18 knees of cement fill, radiolucent line was detected 2 mm in width between cement mantle and the adjacent tibial bone. In other 17 knees, radiolucent was seen 1 mm or less in width. 2. According to the system of Knee Society Score, average knee rating score was improved from 23.2 points preoperatively to 90 points postoperatively in bone graft cases, from 23.4 points preoperatively to 93.2 points postoperatively in cement fill cases. Average functional score was improved from 14.8 points preoperatively to 81.5 points postoperatively in bone graft cases, from 13.3 points preoperatively to 81.4 points postoperatively in cement fill cases. 3. Finally, we obtained the good results by cement fill during cement fixation of tibial component or bone graft without cement fixation of tibial component for small tibial bone defect and by bone graft for large tibial bone defect.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Bone Resorption ; Humans ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: There have been no studies of airway management strategies for difficult intubation and cannot intubate, cannot ventilate (CICV) situations in Korea. This study was intended to survey devices or methods that Korean anesthesiologists and intensivists prefer in difficult intubation and CICV situations. METHODS: A face-to-face questionnaire that consisted of a doctor's preference, experience and comfort level for alternative airway management devices was presented to anesthesiologists and intensivists at study meetings and conferences from October 2014 to December 2014. RESULTS: We received 218 completed questionnaires. In regards to difficult intubation, the order of preferred alternative airway devices was a videolaryngoscope (51.8%), an optical stylet (22.9%), an intubating laryngeal mask airway (11.5%), and a fiber-optic bronchoscope (10.6%). One hundred forty-two (65.1%) respondents had encountered CICV situations, and most of the cases were identified during elective surgery. In CICV situations, the order of preferred methods of infraglottic airway management was cricothyroidotomy (CT) by intravenous (IV) catheter (57.3%), tracheostomy by a surgeon (18.8%), wire-guided CT (18.8%), CT using a bougie (2.8%), and open surgery CT using a scalpel (2.3%). Ninety-eight (45%) of the 218 respondents were familiar with the American Society of Anesthesiologists' difficult airway algorithm or Difficult Airway Society algorithm, and only 43 (19.7%) had participated in airway workshops within the past five years. CONCLUSION: The videolaryngoscope was the most preferred device for difficult airways. In CICV situations, the method of CT via an IV catheter was the most frequently used, followed by wire-guided CT method and tracheostomy by the attending surgeon.
Airway Management ; Bronchoscopes ; Catheters ; Congresses as Topic ; Education ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Korea* ; Laryngeal Masks ; Methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tracheostomy

The incidence of contrast media extravasation has been increasing gradually. Most contrast media extravasations only can cause pain, swelling and erythema. However, in more severe cases, skin necrosis, ulceration, or compartment syndrome may occur, often necessitating a surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment should be established on the spot in order to avoid such a severe damage. We present a case of 42-year-old woman with a compartment syndrome in the right upper extremity caused by extravasation of computed tomography contrast media.
Adult ; Compartment Syndromes* ; Contrast Media ; Early Diagnosis ; Erythema ; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Upper Extremity*

No abstract available.