The evaluation of urinary calculi was done in 84 patients of paraplegia and quadriplegia due to traumatic spinal cord injury. These patients were diagnosed by KUB and intravenous urography at National Veterans Hospital during 6 years from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1980. The results were as follows; 1. Overall incidence of urinary calculi was 38.1 %; Incidence of renal calculi was 8.3%, ureteral calculi 4.8%, and urinary bladder claculi 32.1%. 2.Relation of neurological level and incidence of urinary calculi were as follows; Cervical injury in 34.8% upper thoracic injury in 40.0%, lower thoracic injury in 45.0%, and lumbar injury in 36.5%. 3. Laterality was not toplay a role information of urinary claculi. 4. The urinary calculi were developed 62.5% during the first 36 months following spinal cord injury. 5. The recurrence of urinary calculi was 40.6%; True recurrence was 15.6% and pseudo recurrence was 25.05.
Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi ; Paraplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord ; Thoracic Injuries ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urography

To a patient suffering from intractable pain due to the terminal state of cervix cancer, 7% phenol-glycerine solution was injected through the L2-L3 interspace. We obtained a good result of pain relief, but motor paralysis developed.
Humans ; Pain, Intractable ; Paralysis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The study was conducted to compare the quality life (QOL), health perception and self efficacy of the ostomates by the fecal control type. The study sbjects included 128 ostomates in Pusan, Daegu, Daejon and Incheon branches of the Korean Ostomy Association. Data collection was performed for 27 day periods from September 10th to October 6th. 1988. The instruments used in this study were the OL scale developed by Bang (1991). the health perception scale developed by Ware and translated to Korean by Lee (1987), the self efficacy scale developed by Kim( 1995). The analysis of the data was done by the use of descriptive statistics. Chi-square test, ANCOVA and Pearson Correlation with the SAS program. The results of the study are summarized below. 1. Only age was a significant difference between the two groups(p=.014). 2. The ostomate-related characteristics which showed significant differences were the number of participations in the ostomate meetings each month(p=.001). the care manager(p=.017), the number of defecations(p=.001). problems with the colostomy(p=.003), the duration of the ostomates(p=.00l). These variables were controlled using the ANCOVA. 3. The first hypothesis. "There will be differences at the level of the QOL according to the fecal control type" was supported(F=7.87, p .0059). 4. The second hypothesis. "There will be differences at the level of health perception depending on the fecal control type" was supported (F =8.68, p = .0039). 5. The third hypothesis, "There will be differences at the level of self efficacy depending on the fecal control type" was supported(F=4.58. p=.0344). 6. There were significant positive correlation between the QOL and health perception(r= .8225. p=.0001), and self efficacy(r=.6356, p=000l). From the above results, it can be concluded that colostomy irrigation is a good method to improve the QOL, health perception and self-efficacy. Therefore, colostomy irrigation is an important method for rehabilitation nursing use in the care of ostomates.
Busan ; Colostomy ; Daegu ; Daejeon ; Data Collection ; Health Status ; Incheon ; Ostomy ; Quality of Life* ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Self Efficacy

The aims of this study were to identify the mothers educational needs when they have children who have had open heart surgery in congenital heart disease, to identify the children's characteristics with this problem, and also to provide the basic information on the development of the educational program for the mothers. The subjects of the study were 101 mothers of children and their children hospitalized with congenital heart disease in pediatric wards of G. University Hospital in Inchon and S. Hospital in Puchon from June to November 2000. The study used a Likert-type questionnaire with 39 questions which was based on a previous questionnaire developed by Lee Mi-ryun(1989) for adult open heart surgery patients. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach' alpha= .9375. The data were collected directly from mothers of the patients in wards, The t-test, ANOVA was adopted for the data analysis. The key results of the study are as follows: 1) The average age of the children was 32.90 months. The majority of the children are male and weighted 3.0-3.5kg at birth. Most of the children had VSD(29.7%). and 10.9% of children had a family history of heart disease. 2) An average score of 4.62 out of a maximum of 5,00 was recorded for the educational needs of the children's mother. The highest score of 4,69 was for home care after discharge followed by a score of 4.67 for diagnosis and prognosis on congenital heart disease. And pre-post operation care scored 4.51. The mean scores of single-question items of educational need were. in order. 4.81 for immunization after operation, 4.80 for recovery process, and 4.77 for prognosis of the disease. The score of 4.18 for measurement of intake and output was the lowest. 3) The analysis on the children's mothers educational needs by social-demographic characteristics such as sex. age of patient and mother. economical status. educational status. number of child. hospitalization times. and hospitalization cause showed no significant difference statistically. but there was a significant difference between mothers with jobs and without jobs.
Adult ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Educational Status ; Gyeonggi-do ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Home Care Services ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunization ; Incheon ; Male ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic ; Thoracic Surgery*

PURPOSE: This study is designed to test the effects of a full body massage on Apgar score, postpartum mother's childbirth experience, and mother-infant attachment for primipara during labor. METHOD: Data were collected using a quasi-experiment method (nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design) from November 1, 2001 to July 31, 2002. The subjects for this experiment consist of 28 women in the experimental group and 29 in the control group, out of 57 primipara hospitalized at the U OB & GYN hospital in Inchon. A 20 minute full body massage was given to the experimental group on each of three delivery phases (latent, active, and transition), and a conventional delivery care to the control group. The experimental tools for the study are Apgar score scale developed by Apgar(1958), postpartum mother's childbirth experience scale developed by Marut and Mercer(1979), and mother-infant attachment scale developed by Cropley et al(1981). The data collected were analyzed using t-test, chi2 test, and ANCOVA on the SPSS program. RESULT: The results of the experiment are as follows: One minute(t=6.756, p=.000; F=9.181, p=.004), and five minute(t=6.129, p=.000; F=7.918, p=.007) Apgar score are increased significantly. Postpartum mother's childbirth experience is significantly increased(t=11.691, p=.000; F=11.741, p=.001). Verbal touch score(t=5.256, p=.000; F=7.169, p=.010), skin touch score(t=11.332, p=.000; F=27.073, p=.000), and total score(t=12.105, p=.000; F=30.104, p=.000) of postpartum mother's childbirth experience are significantly increased, but not for eye touch score(t=3.236, p=.002; F=.800, p=.375). CONCLUSION: This study shows that a full body massage has a significant positive effect on Apgar score, postpartum mother's childbirth experience. and mother-infant attachment. Therefore, it is suggested that the full body massage might be used clinically to help primipara during labor.
Apgar Score* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon ; Massage* ; Parturition* ; Postpartum Period ; Skin ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This study was to test the effects of a full body massage on labor pain and delivery stress reaction for primipara during labor. METHOD: This study employed a quasi- experimental method(nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design). The subjects of this study were 57 primipara hospitalized at the U OB & GYN hospital in Inchon from November 1. 2001 to July 31, 2002. 28 women were assigned to the experimental group and 29 to the control group. The experimental group was given 20 minutes full body massage for each of three delivery phases. The control group was given conventional delivery care. The levels of labor pain were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale and the expression scores of the labor pain and the levels of delivery stress reaction were measured by pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, and State-Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), t-test, X(2)- test, simple ANCOVA with SPSS program. RESULT: There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.370, p=.693), but significant time effects were found for subjective labor pain(F=3.840, p=.028). There was no interaction effect between time and group(F=.112, p=.894), but significant group effects were found for objective labor pain(F=12.299, p=.001). There was no interaction effect between time and group for PR(F=.172, p=.843), RR(F=.626, p=.539), SBP(F=.089, p=.915), DBP(F=.748, p=.479), but significant group effects were found for SBP(F=7.547, p=.008). The level of status anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(F=11.787, p=.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the full body massage has partially positive effect on labor pain and delivery stress reaction. Therefore this study suggested that the full body massage might be used clinically to help primipara during labor.
Anxiety ; Blood Pressure ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incheon ; Labor Pain* ; Massage* ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Rate

PURPOSE: To extend the understanding on climacteric symptoms, and to improve women's health and the quality of life by providing the basic data relating to the climacteric symptoms of natural menopausal women and artificial menopausal women. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 149 women selected conviniently (89 natural menopausal women and 60 total hystrectomy women) who have visited the climacteric clinic of G. hospital in Inchon, the MENSI questionnaire which was developed by Sarrel (1995)was modified considering Korean culture for the measuring tool of this study with 20 items of question(Cronbach'salpa =.76), duration of data collection with the questionnaire was 5 months from Sept. 1, 2000 to Jan. 30, 2001. Result: Artificial meanopausal women showed statistically significant higher menopausal symptoms than the natural menopausal women in the most of the items, and psychiatric and urogenital symtoms of artificial menopausal women were significantly higher than those of the natural menopausal women. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention for psychological support upon artificial menopausal women and their spouses is recommended more than natural menpause women.
Climacteric* ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses ; Women's Health

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Survival Rate*

In 1932, Harris, et al., reported that vitamin A had an anti-keratinizing effect on acne vulgaris, and in 1948, Straumfjord, somewhat over-enthusiastically reported that oral use of vitamin A also had a beneficial effect on acne. In spite of studies by Lynch and Cook (1947), and Andrew and Stokoe (1963), which questioned its effectiveness, the original enthusiasm for this regimen has not been completely dampened. Kligman (1969) reported that vitamin A acid (VAA), a metabolic end-product of vitamin A metabolism, produced a peeling effect and when applied topically, was effective in tbe treatment of acne. The mechanism of action of VAA is incompletely understood, however, it is observed to cause, arnong other things, an increase in the speed of proliferation of the cells of the epidermis; dissolution of the intracellular lysosomes; increase in the rate of keratin formation and the conversion of hard keratin to soft keratin; and an increase in the secretion of the sebaceous glands. The effect of VAA in acne treatment is due to the increase in the secretion of the sebaceous glands which prevents the formation of comedones. It is believed that the increased speed of cell division, increased keratinization and softening of the keratin cause a weakening of the intercellular adhesion. These processes cause an acceleration of the flow of cells out of the sebaceoua glands which prevents the formation of comedones and forces existing comedones to the surface of the skin. For this study, thirt:y eight patients with acne vulgaris were selected from among the outpatients of Severance Hospital. They were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with application of vitamin A acid alone. The second group was treated concurrently with topical vitamin A acid and oral tetracycline.
Acceleration ; Acne Vulgaris ; Cell Division ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Lysosomes ; Metabolism ; Outpatients ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Striae Distensae* ; Tetracycline ; Tretinoin ; Vitamin A

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence between author's first and current report on urinary tract stone in patient with spinal cord injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of recent developed in medical technology and care on in treating the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed urinary tract stone in 257 patients with paraplegia or quadriplegia after spinal cord injury. These patients were diagnosed retrospectively by KUB and intravenous urography at the Korea Veterans Hospital during 10years from January, 1984 to December, 1993. We evaluated and compared the overall incidence, incidence of specific location of urinary tract, recurrent rate, incidence according to the level of spinal cord injury, and the duration of development in urinary tract stone. RESULTS: Total patients were 257 with 186(72.4%) paraplegia and 71(27.6%)quadriplegia. Overall incidence of the stone was 16.0% in this study and 38.1% in the first study. Incidence of the stone in individual organ ;5.5% in kidney, 1.2% in ureter, and 13.6% in urinary bladder. The recurrent rate was 29.3% in this study and 40.6% in the first study. Incidence of the stone according to the level of spinal cord injury was as follows;15.6% in cervix, 17.1% in upper thorax, 17.9% in lower thorax and 13.9% in lumbar. The stone developed during the first 4 years and between 12 to 16 years following spinal cord injury was 28.3% each. CONCLUSION: Overall incidence and recurrent rate of urinary tract stone was obviously decreased since the first study. Highest incidence of the stone occurred in urinary bladder and in patient with lower thoracic spinal cord injury, which is similar to first report. Peak incidence of the stone was in the first 4years, and another peak was in 12-16years after spinal cord injury. The decreased overall incidence of urinary tract stone maybe attributable to the development in medical technology and care, and active rehabilitation.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Korea ; Paraplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thorax ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urography