No abstract available.
Molluscum Contagiosum*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Child* ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocytes* ; Humans ; Sweet Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Benzalkonium Compounds* ; Dermatitis, Contact*

No abstract available.
Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Mohs Surgery*

PURPOSE: Allelic loss on chromosome 18q is a hallmark of presence of a tummor represser gene. Recently, DPC4 (deleted in pancreatic carcinoma, locus 4), a candidate tumor suppressor gene, has been localized at 18q21. Inactivation of DPC4 gene was reported in pancreatic carcinomas, coloretal carcinomas, and prostatic carcinomas. The aim of the present study was to determine if it might be altered in stomach cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested for DPC4 gene mutations and allelic status at 18q21 using a modified 'cold SSCP' method in 48 primary gastric carcinoma and correlated the findings with various clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients. RESULTS: The frequency of mutations in primary gastric cancer was 27.1% (13/48). Mutations of exon 1, 8, 10 were found in 2 (4.1%), 4 (8.2%) and 7 cases (14.6%), respectively. DNA sequencing of 13 cases with DPC4 mutations identified six cases (46.1%) with substitution, four cases with deletion (30.7%), and two cases (23.1%) with insertion. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of DPC4 mutations in terms of other various clinicopathologic characteristics. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that DPC4 mutations may play a significant role in the establishment and progression of the primary gastric cancer.
Exons ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans* ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

BPSD (behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia) are common remediable cause of excess morbidity and lead to significant impairment in quality of life for both patients and their caregivers, as well as an increased risk of institutionalization. The most common treatment of BPSD is neuroleptic medication. Compared to other agents, conventional neuroleptics have been studied with relatively rigorous placebo-controlled trials. Efficacy is modest, but concerns regarding side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and emotional withdrawal, have often limited their uses. Treatment of BPSD with atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone or olanzapine is potentially advantageous in view of their tendency to cause considerably fewer side effects. But elderly demented patients may be particularly sensitive to untoward side effects of psychotropic drugs. The different atypical antipsychotics do have their own side effects and other limitations. Clinicians who prescribe antipsychotics for BPSD should start with a low initial dose, increasing this dose slowly until the lowest effective dose is reached. It is important to remember that although antipsychotics provide symptomatic relief, they do not cure underlying dementia. Clinicians should try to avoid prescribing multiple drugs with anticholinergic or sedative effects. Further study to determine more specific drug-responsive symptoms is needed to maximize benefits of atypical antipsychotics.
Aged ; Antipsychotic Agents* ; Caregivers ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Institutionalization ; Movement Disorders ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Quality of Life ; Risperidone

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify family burden, resilience, spiritual well-being and quality of life of primary caregivers of people with mental illness. METHODS: Participants were 160 primary caregivers of people with mental illness being treated at one of three mental health clinics in Busan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Quality of life was positively correlated with resilience (r=.55, p=.006), spiritual well-being (r=.41, p<.001), and negatively correlated with family burden (r=-.28, p<.001). Factors influencing quality of life were resilience (β=.36), family monthly income (β=.24), support from others (β=.20) and education (β=.18). The explanatory power of these factors for quality of life of primary caregivers of people with mental illness was 45%. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that resilience is the most important factor affecting quality of life of primary caregivers of people with mental illness. Therefore, the development of nursing interventions to improve resilience and enhance the quality of life of primary caregivers is necessary.
Busan ; Caregivers* ; Education ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Quality of Life*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of premenstrual syndrome(PMS)/premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) in high school students, and determine the correlates of PMS/PMDD in association with comorbid depression and anxiety. METHODS: A total of 1688 students were recruited from 5 high schools in Seoul, Korea. Subjects completed the questionnaire composed of scales to measure premenstrual symptoms, depression, and anxiety, as well as sociodemographic and reproductive variables. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups by using the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool(PSST) to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of PMS/PMDD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of PMS/PMDD. RESULTS: The frequency of moderate to severe PMS and PMDD was 20.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Irritability (78.8%), fatigue(76.4%), and emotional sensitivity(69.8%) were common premenstrual symptoms, and functional impairment in academic performance(67.1%) was dominant. Dysmenorrhea[odd ratio(OR)=3.68, 95% confidence interval(CI) 2.45-5.55], family history of PMS(OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.35-2.71), and use of oral contraceptive (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.16-2.94) were associated with the increased risk of PMS/PMDD after adjustment for depression and anxiety. Negative attitude to menses(OR=15.60, 95% CI 3.61-67.42) was associated with the increased risk of PMS/PMDD, particularly in subjects without depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: PMS was common, as the frequency of PMS more than moderate severity including PMDD exceeded 25%, and disrupted daily functioning in adolescents. PMS is associated with various sociodemographic and menstrual characteristics, and these associations are affected by comorbid depression and anxiety.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: We surveyed this study for knowing the relation within stress, depression and medical comorbidities, and finding the risk factors of major depression. METHODS: 1764 subjects were enrolled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2009 who visit Korea University Guro hospital healthcare center. The subjects answered the questionnaire of PSS(Perceived Stress Scale), PHQ-9(Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and the demographic data. We categorized them as the stress group, depressive group, medical comorbidity group and analyzed the correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: 198 of 1764 subjects(11.8%) were applied to major depression, and the depressive group showed the higher mean stress score(23.19) and mean depression score(12.95) than the normal group. The total PHQ-9 score was increased by perceiving more stress, having more medical comorbidities. The subjects with female, visiting due to recent health problems, irregular exercise, current smoking, history of angina and cerebrovascular disease showed the increased risk of major depression. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we find the PSS, PHQ-9 were valuable for mental health screening in healthcare center. As perceiving more stress and having more medical comorbidity, risk of major depression were increased. Accordingly the individuals with medical diseases or unhealthy lifestyle would need the mental health screen.
Comorbidity ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVES: Adverse effects on sexual functions induced by antidepressant medications including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) have been reported. The reported incidences of sexual dysfunctions varies with the way of questioning, with relatively low on self reporting and high on direct questioning and symptom questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and nature of sexual dysfunctions during SSRIs treatment in outpatients with depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. METHODS: Seventy seven patients on SSRI therapy(fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine) were enrolled in this study. The six aspects of sexual function were investigated:sexual desire, sexual excitement, sexual pain, orgasm, erection and ejaculation. BDI, S-A, T-A and questionnaires on sexual side effects and on other side effects of SSRIs were measured. The frequency and the severity of sexual dysfunctions were measured. Sexual side effects and other side effects of SSRIs were analyzed in association with the duration and the dose of SSRI treatment and the severity of depression and anxiety. RESULTS: The frequency of sexual dysfunction during SSRI use in our study was 38.96%. Women reported more sexual dysfunction(sexual desire, sexual excitement, orgasm). Also, women's sexual dysfunction was more intense. The most common sexual dysfunction was delayed orgasm(or anorgasmia) in women and ejaculatory difficulty in men. In patients with depressive disorder, the frequency of sexual dysfunctions was higher than in patients with anxiety disorder, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that SSRIs-associated female sexual dysfunction occurs substantially higher and is more severe than expected. It is important to pay attention to female sexual dysfunction during treatment with SSRIs. The sexual problems must be questioned directly for prompt detection of them and promotion of treatment compliance with SSRIs.
Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Compliance ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Ejaculation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Orgasm ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Serotonin* ; Sertraline