Effects of various factors related to the process of social action of hospital services on the selecting a hospital were investigated by using of questionnaires answered by 1,319 patients in a certain University Hospital, in Chungchongnam-Do, from November, 1986 to November, 1987. The results summarized were as follows ; 1. Each of the examined factors, that is, sincerity of an attendant physician in medical treatment and explaining the condition of a disease, confidence to doctor and nurse, doctor's and nurse's response to calling by patient, kindness of the hospital staffs and food handlers, sanitariness of hospital, cleanness of clothes and bed sheets, hospital foods, and rest surroundings, are not solely decisive to attitude of hospital utilization, but the factors effects compositely on hospital utilization. 2. Hospital services of the social action process are more effective to hospital utilization in cases of the hospitalization caused by the traffic facility than for the medical skill and facilities.
Hospitalization ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Diatomaceous Earth* ; Pneumoconiosis*

No abstract available.
Dinoprost* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

A considerable body of evidence has been accumulated suggesting that invasive squamous cell carcinoma develops from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN). Most women with invasive cancer of the cervix are from lower socioeconomic groups, have begun heterosexual activity early in life, marry early, are multiparous, and have many sexual partners. Although the epidemiology of the cervical cancer is known well, the pathogenesis of the cervical cancer from CIN is subtle yet. Apoptosis, including the programmed cell death, is important event in normal cell turnover and maintenance of adult tissues. Apoptosis exerts a homeostatic function in relation to tissues dynamics, as the steady state of continuously renewing tissues achieved by a balance between cell replication and cell death. The specific labelling of nick ends of fragmented DNA was used to see the apoptotic cells from normal epithelium of the cervix to invasive cervical cancer. The apoptotic cells were found normally in the parabasal layer of the epithelium. As the grade of CIN increase, the apoptotic cell were found in superficial of the cervix and number of the apoptotic cell were increased. In the cervical cancer, the apoptotic cell were found in the cancerous tissues more than in the normal epithelium. This results suggest that the cell proliferation is more important than the inhibition of the apoptosis in the carcinogenesis of the cervical cancer.
Adult ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervix Uteri ; DNA ; Epidemiology ; Epithelium ; Female ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Sexual Partners ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVES: Homocysteine has been associated with cognitive impairment and various psychiatric symptoms. This study was designed to examine the relationship exists between plasma homocysteine concentration and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD). METHODS: 41 subjects with dementia of Alzheimer's type were included in this study. We carried out history taking, physical examination, and cognitive assessment for the diagnosis of dementia of Alzheimer's type based on DSM-IV. We scored the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR), and the Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory(K-NPI). We also measured levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 in the plasma. RESULTS: We found statistically significant positive correlations between homocysteine concentration with NPI total score, and with scores of several sub-domains such as delusion, agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, and elation/euphoria. No significant correlation existed between homocysteine levels and scores of MMSE, GDS, and CDR. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that plasma homocysteine levels are associated with BPSD. Further research is necessary to identify pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Delusions ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Folic Acid ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Plasma ; Vitamin B 12

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

No abstract available.

Cardiovascular syphilis is one of the most important complications of tertiary syphilis, although its incidence is decreasing in recent years. Aortitis is the primary manifestation of cardiovascular syphilis, resulting most commonly in aortic aneurysm, aortic regurgitation and coronary artery ostial obstruction. The authors experienced 46-year-ole male with a history of chancre 20 years ago, and several bouts of right chest pain since last year. Serologic tests revealed reactive in VDRL (1:64) and in TPHA test. Chest x-ray, chest CT, echocardiogram and aortogram showed aneurysm of ascending aorta with no evidence of aortic regrugitation of coronary obstruction. Histologic findings of involved aorta revealed "tree bark" appearance in gross, and microscopically adventitial thickening with endarteritis of the vasa vasorum and destruction of elastic tissue of media, showing moth-eaten appearance. The patient was underwent excision of the aneurysm and dacron aortic prosthetic graft was replaced with success.
Aneurysm* ; Aorta* ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Aortitis ; Chancre ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Vessels ; Elastic Tissue ; Endarteritis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Serologic Tests ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Cardiovascular ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Transplants ; Vasa Vasorum

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the relationships between knowledge with same sub-areas of education needs and adherence to self-management guidelines, and to investigate the factors that influence adherence. METHOD: One hundred eleven patients with terminal stage of kidney failure were conveniently selected from a university hospital in Incheon. RESULTS: The level of knowledge was high, with a mean score of 15.25. The level of adherence to self-management guidelines was low, with a mean score of 64.53. The patients' education needs were high. The significant influencing factors on adherence were gender, educational level, and two sub-areas of knowledge, 'exercise and daily life' and 'follow-up care and treatment'. CONCLUSION: Relationships between knowledge, education needs, and adherence should be further examined before developing and implementing intervention programs for adherence to treatment guideline in hemodialysis patients.
Humans ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Self Care

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of automated computer aided volumetry for simulated small pulmonary nodules at computed tomography using various types of phantoms MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of synthetic nodules (small, calcified and those adjacent to vessels) were studied. The volume of the nodules in each set was already known, and using multi-slice CT, volumetric data for each nodule was acquired from the three-dimensional reconstructed image. The volume was calculated by applying three different threshold values using Rapidia(R) software (3D-Med, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: Relative errors in the measured volume of synthetic pulmonary nodules were 17.3, 2.9, and 11.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=0.96, p<0.001). For calcified nodules, relative errors in measured volume were 10.9, 5.3, and 16.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=1.03, p<0.001). In cases involving synthetic nodules adjacent to vessels, relative errors were 4.6, 16.3, and 31.2 % at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively. There was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -200 HU (r=1.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using computer-aided volumetry, the measured volumes of synthetic nodules correlated closely with their true volume. Measured volumes were the same at each threshold level, regardless of window setting.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Seoul