No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Prone Position* ; Thoracotomy*

No abstract available.
Acidosis* ; Diagnosis*

25 Patients were received major spinal surgeries at main operating theater of Kangnam General Hospital from May 1990 to December 1990 by using the Haemonetics cell saver which was employed as an intraoperative blood salvage and autologous blood transfuser. The products of washed red blood cells were an average of 1490 cc packed RBC per case. Under the Light Microscopy, Washed RBC disclosed the morphologies of normal RBC size and shape. Fragmented RBCs or cell debris were not found and in one case agglutinated and denaturated RBCs were seen. While 20 patients were received spinal surgery prior to the utilization of cell saver, an average of 7.85 units of banked whole blood was transfused compared with 5.55 units in the cases of using the cell saver (p<0.05). Homologous banked blood utilization during spinal surgery declined more than 30% with the use of the cell saver. There was no evidence of infection, renal and/or hepatic failure related to the use of the cell saver. Haemonetics cell saver appeared to be safe, efficient and more over in some instanes life saving.
Erythrocytes ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; Microscopy ; Operative Blood Salvage*

A 45-year-old man underwent heart transplantation due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Cyclosporine, 2 mg/kg per day, was intravenously given postoperatively. As central neurotoxicity signs that were included pin-point pupil, no light reflex, coma, were presented at 8 postoperative hours, cyclosporine was decreased to 1 mg/kg per day. At that time the cyclosporine level was 345 micro gram/L, the serum creatinine level was 1.8mg/dl and the serum magnesium level was within normal limit. He awaked at 31 postoperative hours and all sign of cyclosporine-induced central neurotoxicity was resolved after postoperative days. He was discharged without sequale at postoperative day 28.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Coma ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Middle Aged ; Pupil ; Reflex

BACKGROUND: Repeated 24 hour recall has been considered as a preferred method for obtaining accurate dietary information while time and cost for coding and data processing have been a major barrier for their use in large studies. This burden can be resolved by automating the interview and data processing. However, there has been no report about a computerized interview system for dietary survey in a free-living population in Korea. METHODS: This study attempts to test the feasibility of a newly-developed web-based dietary assessment program, Diet Evaluation System (DES) for subjects in a mixed region of urban and rural areas via wireless internet. We conducted total of 134 interviews, twice for each of 67 subjects of various age. As another aspect of feasibility, the group discussion among interviewers was done. RESULTS: Success rate of total attempted interviews was about 70%. Major reasons for problem with DES were instability of wireless internet and consequent inefficient booting of laptops in some areas. It took 14 minute 56 seconds on average to complete an interview and data processing conducted automatically. Subjects' age and internet environment influenced the DES interview time. The group discussion revealed that one-stop system with DES is fast and convenient assuming good wireless internet environment. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based dietary assessment was feasible in this community nutrition survey. To confirm the feasibility in large scale, studies with more comprehensive area and subjects are needed with various wireless condition.
Automatic Data Processing ; Clinical Coding ; Diet ; Diet Surveys ; Feasibility Studies ; Internet ; Korea* ; Methods ; Nutrition Surveys*

PURPOSE: The prevalence of developmental delay is 5-10% of the total pediatric population and early diagnosis and proper intervention are essential but a challenge for clinicians. We performed this study for several purposes. First is to know the distribution & characteristics of developmental disorders in Korea. Second is to identify all possible causes of these disorders through a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach, and thus to find out the clinical variables that are helpful in finding the etiology. And finally to develop a useful protocol that eliminates the cost of unnecessary tests and raises the diagnostic rate of the cause. METHODS: 518 patients(M 349, F 169) were studied who visited Ilsan Hospital Developmental Disorder Clinic(DDC) for the evaluation of developmental delay from April 2001 to Jan 2005. RESULTS: The mean age was 51.5+/-32.9 months, ranging from 2 months to 16.0 years of age with a majority of the preschool children(<6 yr)(79.3%). Phenomenological diagnosis consisted of 133 cases of mental retardation, 122 cases of autistic disorders, 101 cases of delayed language disorders, 27 cases of cerebral palsies, and 91 cases labeled as simple developmental delay requiring follow up due to age less than 2 years of age. Etiologic diagnosis was obtained in 119 cases(22.9%) out the 518 cases of developmental delays. 37 cases of chromosomal anomalies, 23 cases of Periventricular leukomalacia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, 21 cases of syndromes, 7 cases of malformation of cortical development, 4 cases of myopathies, 4 cases of neuropathies, and 4 cases of cerebral infarctions were found. Among the clinical variables, low birth weight, facial dysmorphism, hypotonia, focal neurologic signs, and abnormalities in MRI, chromosome, EEG and EMG studies contributed to the yields of etiologic diagnosis significantly. CONCLUSION: Possible etiology was determined in about 23% of the subjects. The most important part of the assessment for the identification of etiology is thorough history taking, physical and neurologic examination. Neuroimaging study is useful in case of micro or macrocephaly, focal neurologic signs. Genetic studies increasingly produce a yield, when there is family history of inherited disorder and there are dysmorphic features. Routine metabolic screening test has limited utility. Development of a useful screening protocol adequate for Korean situation is required.
Cerebral Infarction ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Language Disorders ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Macrocephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Muscular Diseases ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis ; Prevalence

Submerged implants require secondary surgical uncovering of implants after healing period of 3 - 6 months. In surgical methods, there are surgical scalpel, tissue punch, electro-surgical, and laser-used uncovering, and laser-used uncovering, and so forth. The objectives of this study are investigation and assessment of 1) thermal change in clinical application for uncovering of HA-coated implant and pure titanium implant irradiated by pulsed Nd-YAG. CO2, and Er-YAG laser. 2) surface change of cover screws after irradiation using laser energy. The temperature of apex & side wall of implants were recorded at 10sec, 20sec, 30sec after 30sec irradiation to implant healing screw; 1) pulsed Nd-YAG laser; 2W, 20pps, contact mode 2) CO2 laser; water-infused & non-water infused state, 2.5-3.5W, contibuous mode, noncontact mode 3) CO2 laser; non-water-infused state, 3W, superpulse, noncontact mode 4) Er-YAG laser; (1) non-water infused state, 10pps, 60mj, contact mode (2) water-infused state, 10pps, 60mj, 80mj, 101mj, contact mode According to the results of this study, pulsed Nd-YAG laser is not indicated because of increase thermal change and pitting of metal surface of implant cover screw. By contrast, CO2 laser & Er-YAG laser are presumed to indicate because of narrow range of thermal change & near abscence of thermal damage of metal surface. Dental laser is thought to be much helpful to surgical procedure when it is used as optimal power and time condition considering characteristics and indications of each laser. Further research is needed to verify that these techniques are safe and beneficial to implant success.
Lasers, Gas ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Titanium

The purposes of this study are to define the scope of occupational health management and to classify occupational management by review of related journals from 1945 to 1994 in Korea. The steps of this study were as follows: (l)Search of secondary reference; (2) Collection and review of primary reference; (3) Survey; and (4) Analysis and discussion. The results were as follows; 1. Most of the respondents majored in occupational health(71.6%), and were working in university (68.3%), males and over the age 40. Seventy percent of the respondents agreed with the idea that classification of occupational health management is necessary, and 10% disagreed. 2. After integration of the idea of respondents, we reclassified the scope of occupational health management. It was defined 3parts, that is, occupational health system, occupational health service and others (such as assessment, epidemiology, cost-effectiveness analysis and so on). 3. The number of journals on occupational health management was 510. It was slightly increased from 1986 and abruptly increased after 1991. The kinds of journals related to occupational health management were The Korean Journal of occupational Medicine(18.2%), several kinds of Medical College Journal(17.0%), The Korean Journal occupational Health(15.l%), The Korean Journal of preventive Medicine(15.l%) and others(34.6%). As for the contents, the number of journals on occupational health management systems was 33(6.5%) and occupational health services 477(93.5%). Of the journals on occupational health management systems, the number of journals on the occupational health resource system was 15(45.5%), occupational finance system 8(24.2%), occupational health management system 6(l8.2%), occupational organization 3(9.1%) and occupational health delivery system l(3.0%). of the journals on occupational health services, the number of journals on disease management was 269(57.2%), health management 116(24.7%), working environmental management 85(18.1%). As for the subjects, the number of journals on general workers was l85(71.l%), followed by women worker, white color workers and so on. 4. Respondents made occupational health service(such as health management, working environmental management and health education) the first priority of occupational health management. Tied for the second are quality analysis(such as education, training and job contents of occupational health manager) and occupational health systems(such as the recommendation of systems of occupational and general disease and occupational health organization). 5. Thirty seven respondents suggested 48 ideas about the future research of occupational health management. The results were as follows: (l) study of occupational health service 40.5%; (2) Study of organization system 27.1%; (3) Study of occupational health system (e.g. information network) 8.3%; (4) Study of working condition 6.2%; and (5) Study of occupational health service analysis 4.2%.
Classification* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Disease Management ; Education ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Occupational Health Services ; Occupational Health*

The gene encoding F protein of CBP-1 strain, a heat-stable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the diseased pheasants in Korea, was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Virus RNA was prepared from the chorioallatoic fluid infected with NDV CBP-1 virus and cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced to analyze. The PCR was sensitive as to detect the virus titer above 25 hemagglutination unit. 1.7kb (1,707bp) size of the cDNA was amplified and cloned into BamHI site of pVL1393 Baculo transfer vector. The nucleotide sequences for F protein were determined by dye terminator cyclic sequencing using four pairs of primers, and 553 amino acid sequences were predicted. In comparison of the nucleotide sequence of F gene of CBP-1 with those of other NDV strains, the homology revealed 88.8%, 98.5% and 98.7% with Kyojungwon (KJW), Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. As the deduced 553 amino acid sequences of F protein of CBP-1 were compared with those of other NDV strains, the homology appeared 89.9%, 98.7% and 98.9% with KJW, Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. The putative protease cleavage site (112-116) was R-R-Q-K-R, indicating that CBP-1 strain is velogenic type. The amino acid sequences include 6 sites of N-asparagine-linked glycosylation and 13 cysteine residues. These data indicate that the genotype of CBP-1 strain is more closely associated with the strains of Texas GB and Beaudette C than KJW strain.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular* ; Cysteine ; DNA, Complementary ; Genotype ; Glycosylation ; Hemagglutination ; Korea ; Newcastle disease virus* ; Newcastle Disease* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; Texas ; Viral Load

In 1968, Cairns introduced the trabeculectomy operation and reported it to be a highly succesful form of surgery for the reduction of intraocular pressure in primary open-angle glaucoma. At the present time trabeculectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma requiring surgery. In the period January, 1975. to March, 1978, 72 eyes of chronic simple, chronic angle-closure, secondary, and developmental glaucoma were operated by trabeculectomy and/or trabeculotomy in Busan National University Hospital. Follow-up study was achieved in 28 eyes(chronic simple glaucoms 17, chronic angle-closure glaucoma 4, secondary glaucoma 3, and developmental 4) of 72 eyes, and the duration of follow-up ranged from 1 year to 2 and 1/2 years(average 18 months). Our operative procedure, which was different from others, was made with 1/3 thickness of scleral flap, and made 2 knots with 8-0 nylon placed in free edge of scleral flap and 1/3 of all cases was not placed scleral flap sutures. We achieved success in 23 eyes (82.1% )of 28 eyes of all types of glaucoma and 14 eyes (82.4%) of 17 eyes of openangle glaucoma. The control of intraocular pressure in interrelationship to formation of filtering bleb was statistically significance(x2(0.05, 1)=3.84>5.46), and to scleral flap suture was not significance(x2(0,05, 1)=3.84>0.39). The complications during and after operation were delayed formation of anterior chamber, hyphema, posterior synechia, vitreous prolapse, choroidal detachment, and lens and vitreous opacity in order.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Busan ; Choroid ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Nylons ; Prolapse ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Sutures ; Trabeculectomy*