We report a case of squamous metaplasia of the pleura observed in a 51 year old man. Squamous metaplasia of serosal surface, and in particular of the pleura, is uncommon. The pathogenesis of squamous metaplasia is obscure, but it may be associated with chronic irritation.

The limb-body wall malformation complex is a sporadic congenital anomaly characterized by protean manifestations. The diagnosis is based upon the presence of at least two out of craniofacial anomaly, body wall defect, and limb abnormalities. We present a case of limb-body wall malformation complex. This case shows abdominal and pelvic wall defects with eventration of the viscera. It also shows an absence of right kidney, polycystic left kidney, absence of external genitalia and anus, and lower extremity abnormalities. The right lower extremity is absent and the deformed left leg shows malformed foot-like structure attached to the shin in addition to a normally positioned left foot. Our patient is the first case of complete absence of the external genitalia associated with limb-body wall malformation complex in Korean publications and the seventh in English publications.

It was well known that atrial myocytes systhesize atrial natriuretic peptide[ANP], and secrete it into the atrial lumen through the atrial endocardium. But the mechanism for regulation of ANP secretion has not been clearly elucidated, because there was little information of the atrial morphology concerning basal lamina. Basal lamina is surmised as one of barriers that control the movement of ANP, a large molecule. This study was attempted to elucidate the morphological characteristics of basal lamina and connective tissue fibers of atrial endocardial layer by scanning electron microscopy. Basal lamina was exposed by removal of the overlying endothelium. This was achieved by using OsO4 maceration, immersion in aqueous boric acid or EDTA treatment. After removal of the endothelial cell, the specimens were exposed to ultrasonic vibration in case of need. The external surface of basal lamina showed a fairly smooth appearance on the whole, although a few irregular folds are often encountered. Fenestrations, 0.1-1 micrometer in diameter, were randomly observed on the basal lamina, and they were circular to oval in shape. Margin of fenestrations was somewhat distinct and some was divided into two parts by linear structures. The structural differences of fenestrations between right and left atria were not found. The fibroreticular lamina under the basal lamina was revealed by removal of the endothelial cells and their basal lamina. This layer was consisted of interwoven fine fibers. These fine fibers were repeatedly divided and fused, forming reticular network. Some fine fibers connected with basal lamina. Some connective tissue fibers below fibroreticular layer were collected into thick bundles running parallel to myocytes. Above results may serve as a basis for the physiological and morphological studies of atrium.
Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Basement Membrane* ; Connective Tissue ; Edetic Acid ; Endocardium* ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Immersion ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Muscle Cells ; Rats* ; Running ; Ultrasonics ; Vibration

Angiomyolipoma is considered by many authors to be a hamartoma, occurring in a sporadic form or in association with tuberous sclerosis. This lesion consists of thick walled blood vessels, smooth muscle, and mature adipose tissue in varying amounts. We have experienced a case of the angiomyolipoma composed of monotypic epithelioid cells. The patient was a 69-year-old female. Clinically, there was no evidence of tuberous sclerosis. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic granular or clear cytoplasm, pleomorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and multinucleated giant cells. The tumor cells showed positive reaction for HMB45, CD68, smooth muscle actin, and S-100, and negative reaction for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, CD34, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Ultrastructual analysis showed the presence of glycogen, mitochondria, and other microorganelles in neoplastic cells. Melanosome or premelanosome was not identified.
Actins ; Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Angiomyolipoma* ; Blood Vessels ; Cytoplasm ; Desmin ; Eosinophils ; Epithelioid Cells ; Estrogens ; Female ; Giant Cells ; Glycogen ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Keratins ; Kidney* ; Melanosomes ; Mitochondria ; Mucin-1 ; Muscle, Smooth ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Vimentin

We report a case of pulmonary LAM occurring in a 24-year-old pregnant woman in whom large areas of air-space consolidation partly masked interstitial lung disease on plain radiography. For correct dignosis, high resolutionCT was considered to still be a potent method for the disclosure of typical interstitial lung changes, including thin-walled cysts. Follow-up CT showed progressive worsening of these interstitial lung lesions.
Disclosure ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lung* ; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis* ; Masks* ; Pregnant Women ; Radiography ; Young Adult

Research about Inappropriate Sexual Behavior (ISB) among patients with dementia is not abundant although its impact on patients and carers can be significant. There are many reasons for this relative neglect. In particular, notable is a problem encountered in the inconsistency of definition and assessment of ISB as well as stigma of sexuality in patients with dementia. This article reviews the literature concerning sexually inappropriate behavior in demented patients. Behavioral and pharmacological treatment approaches are explored and the recommendations and guidelines offered by other researchers are described.
Caregivers ; Dementia ; Humans ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality

Research about Inappropriate Sexual Behavior (ISB) among patients with dementia is not abundant although its impact on patients and carers can be significant. There are many reasons for this relative neglect. In particular, notable is a problem encountered in the inconsistency of definition and assessment of ISB as well as stigma of sexuality in patients with dementia. This article reviews the literature concerning sexually inappropriate behavior in demented patients. Behavioral and pharmacological treatment approaches are explored and the recommendations and guidelines offered by other researchers are described.
Caregivers ; Dementia ; Humans ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and CT findings of the medial depression and bony dehiscence of lamina papyracea as an anatomic variation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1472 PNS CTs of the patients with symptoms of chronic sinusitis were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The total incidence of depressed lamina papyracea as an anatomic variation was 3.5%(52/1472) on PNS CT. There was a statistically significant correlation between the increasing age and the incidence of delamina papyracea. Depression of lamina papyracea anterior to the basal lamella were more common those of the posterior depression. Associated findings were herniation of adjacent fatty tissue in all cases and the roedial bowing and hypertrophied configuration of the medial rectus muscle without significant herniation in 19 cases(34%). CONCLUSION: Nontraumatic, asymptomatic depression with bony dehiscence of lamina papyracea as an anatomic variation is not uncommon with the incidence of 3.5%. Recognition of its existence and degree may helpful in avoiding various ocular complication during ethmoid surgery.
Adipose Tissue ; Anatomic Variation* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis

The hepatic hemopoiesis in intrauterine lifeis predominently erythropoiesis,and the erythroblasts undergo the differentiation process finally to form reticulocytes.In this syudy, the development of erythropoiesis in human fetal liver was observed using transmission electron microscope. The immature erythroblasts were more prominent in earlier fetal liver and proliferated rather than went through final differentiation process. The erythroblasts of different differentiation stages exhibited apoptosis in addition to the normal differentiation process. The nuclei of acidophilic erythroblasts were removed by the excessive condensation and dissociation of nuclei from the cytoplasm or by the displacement of nuclei to one side of the cell with deformation of nuclei. The deformed nuclei restored the round shape after the completion of enucleation and engulfed by hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Two types of erythroblast islands were present in hepatic plate by the differentiation stages of erythroblasts, id est, islands of the same and the different differentiation stages. And several erythroblasts and enucleated nuclei were included in hepatocytes, intrahepatic macrophages and Kupffer cells, and the intrahepatic macrophages resembling Kupffer cell could be suggested to be originated from the Kupffer cell. But there was no morphological evidence of phagocytosis of erythroblasts and nuclei by these cells. In summary, human fetal hepatic erythropoiesis occurred by forming erythroblastic islands and some erythroblasts proceeded to apoptosis during the differentiation. Hepatocytes and macrophages were present in close relation to erythroblast islands and were suggested to influence the development and differentiation of erythroblasts.
Apoptosis ; Cytoplasm ; Erythroblasts* ; Erythropoiesis ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Islands ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver* ; Macrophages ; Phagocytosis

No abstract available.
Cell Proliferation* ; Female ; Humans ; Trophoblasts*