No abstract available.
Lung* ; Pneumonia*

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

The internal jugular and subclavian veins are considered as satisfactory intravenous routes for rapid blood and fluid replacement. To determine whether these venous pressures can be used as reliable guides for central venous pressure monitoring, simultaneous measurements of the Rt. internal jugular venous pressure and central venous pressure (CVP), or Rt. subclavian venous pressure and CVP using long 14 gauge catheter were made in 20 patients undergoing cardiac anesthesia. The results were as follows: l. Each mean value of the Rt. internal jugular venous pressure and CVP was 10.64+/-5.43 cm H2O and 10.05+/-5.55cm H2O (Mean+/-SD) respectively in first 10 patients. Pressure difference was 0.59+/-0.39cm H2O (p<0.005). 2. Each mean value of the Rt. subclavian venous pressure and VP was 7.77+/-3.37 cm H 0 and 7.05+/-3.49cm H2O (Mean+/-SD) respectively in second 10 patients. Pressure difference was 0.73+/-0.59cm H2O (p<0.005). 3. There were significant correlations between Rt. internal jugular venous pressure and CVP (r=0. 99, p<0.005) as well as between Rt. subclavian venous pressure and CVP (r=0.98, p<0.005). The results suggest that Rt. internal jugular or subclavian vein catheterized with short intravenous catheter during Anesthesia can be used as effective and reliable guides for CVP monitoring because pressure differences with CVP were small and consistant.
Anesthesia ; Catheters ; Central Venous Pressure* ; Humans ; Subclavian Vein ; Venous Pressure

No abstract available
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Eczema* ; Humans ; Nipples*

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common dermatologic disorder and the course is so variable that some patients undergo spontaneous remission and others undergo total hair loss. There is no clearly superior therapy for the treatment of alopecia areata. Currently, topical immunotherapy with DPCP represents the most accepted therapeutic modality for the treatment of extensive alopecia areata, but their response rates have varied in the literature. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy, prognostic factors, and side effects of DPCP in the treatment of extensive AA. METHOD: Thirty nine patients with extensive AA (>50 % scalp hair loss), treated for at least 6 months at the Department of Dermatology of Inha University Hospital between March 2000 and April 2003 participated in the study. After sensitization with 1% DPCP, progressively higher concentrations beginning from 0.001% were applied weekly onto the entire scalp. The primary study end point, i.e. clinically significant regrowth with DPCP therapy, was defined as a cosmetically acceptable response (as judged by the patient) or significant regrowth resulting in greater than 90% of the scalp being covered with terminal hair (as determined by the investigators) RESULT: A clinically significant regrowth was obtained in 91.3% of the patients with 50% to 99% AA and 50.0% with alopecia totalis/universalis. The overall clinically significant regrowth rate was 74% (29 of 39 patients). Variables associated with clinically significant regrowth were the beginning age of DPCP therapy and the extent of AA. Relapse was observed in 56.3% of the patients who achieved significant hair regrowth after 6 months of follow-up. The Clinically significant adverse effects observed were eczematous reaction with blistering, swelling of cervical lymph nodes, urticaria, and erythema multiforme. CONCLUSION: Treatment with DPCP for extensive AA is very effective. Response of AA patients to DPCP treatment is affected by the beginning age of DPDP therapy and the extent of AA.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Blister ; Dermatology ; Erythema Multiforme ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Lymph Nodes ; Recurrence ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Scalp ; Urticaria

BACKGROUND: As transfusion service is linked directly with patient's life and is often a race against time, efforts to shorten the turnaround time (TAT) for every step of transfusion process from blood request to blood transfusion are important. We introduce our experience for analysis and shortening of the packed red blood cell delivery time through quality improvement program for 2 years. METHODS: From January 2003 to December 2004, we evaluated the mean TAT for each step of transfusion process in Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital using the computerized laboratory information system which is capable of recording the exact times of blood request (request), specimen reception (reception), crossmatch completed (preparation), and blood issue (issue). We analyzed the turnaround time of packed red blood issued and notified the obtained data to transfusion-related workers and changes in TATs during the period were evaluated according to the type and place of request. RESULTS: Mean TAT from request to issue was significantly decreased from 174.4 minutes in 2003 to 126.7 minutes in 2004 (p<0.01). TAT from request to reception and TAT from preparation to issue were significantly decreased. No significant difference was observed according to type of request. Mean TAT was different according to place of request, with the operating and recovery room showing the shortest mean TAT from request to issue. CONCLUSIONS: Our computerized TAT data helps us to understand each steps of transfusion process. Continuous monitoring of TAT and periodic publicity to clinical staff and nurse can shorten the mean TAT.
Blood Transfusion ; Clinical Laboratory Information Systems* ; Continental Population Groups ; Erythrocytes* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Quality Improvement* ; Recovery Room

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of inferior oblique (IO) myectomy by analyzing the correlation of the amount of inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), hypertropia and excyclotorsion before, between, and after IO myectomy in patients with various degrees of IOOA. METHODS: A total of 86 eyes from 59 patients with IOOA who underwent IO myectomy were enrolled in the present study. The correlation analysis was performed for the amount of IOOA, hypertropia and excyclotorsion before and after surgery, according to the preoperative amount of IOOA, hypertropia, and excyclotorsion. RESULTS: The IOOA decreased from +2.5 +/- 0.6 before surgery to -0.01 +/- 0.25 (p < 0.05) after surgery. The vertical deviation was 5.7 +/- 6.3 prism diopter (PD) and 2.3 +/- 5.2 PD (p < 0.05) postoperatively. The amount of cyclodeviation was 15.3 +/- 7.6degrees before surgery and 6.6 +/- 5.7degrees (p < 0.05) after surgery. The amount of surgical correction for IOOA and the hypertropia was significantly correlated with preoperative deviation (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The amount of excyclotorsion before and after surgery was also positively correlated but was not statistically significant (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IO myectomy can correct any degree of IOOA, hypertropia, and related excyclotorsion.
Eye ; Humans ; Strabismus

Coexistence of cranial and spinal subdural hematomas is rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of cranial and spinal subdural hematomas after previous head trauma. As the pathogenesis of simultaneous intracranial and spinal subdural hematoma yet remains unclear, we developed an alternative theory to those proposed in the literature for their coexistence, the migration of blood through the subdural space.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal* ; Subdural Space

Purpose: To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAET) and infantile esotropia (IET). Methods: The medical records of patients with RAET and IET who were followed-up for more than 36 months were retrospectively analyzed. The RAET patients were prescribed spectacles to correct cycloplegic refraction and those with IET underwent bilateral, medial rectus recession. Visual acuity, refraction, the angle of esodeviation at far and near distances, and near-stereopsis were measured at each visit. The IET patients were divided into two groups by the time of surgery (before and after 24 months of age). Patients in both groups who underwent reoperations after diagnosis of partially accommodative esotropia (PAET) and recurrent IET during follow-up were analyzed. Results: Sixty-nine patients (40 with RAET and 29 with IET) were included. The follow-up period was 69.48 ± 28.41 months. At the final visit, the angles of esodeviation were 2.82 ± 5.46 prism diopters (PD) in the RAET group and 9.28 ± 8.37 PD in the IET group (p < 0.01). In IET patients who underwent surgery before and after 24 months of age, the angles of esodeviation were 4.62 ± 5.25 and 13.06 ± 8.63 PD and the median near-stereopsis values 60 and 140 arcsec at the final visit (p < 0.01, 0.03). Seven patients (17.5%) in the RAET group, and 2 (15.4%) and 10 (62.5%) IET patients who underwent surgery before and after 24 months of age, required reoperations (p < 0.01). Conclusions RAET and IET patients who underwent surgery before 24 months of age exhibited better alignment and stereopsis at the final visit than those who underwent later surgery and the reoperation rate was lower.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reproductive outcomes of women undergoing microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization at age 36 years or older. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 133 patients who received microsurgical reversal of the previously sterilized fallopian tubes at Seoul National University Hospital from July, 1980 to January, 1992 was reviewed and evaluated for clinical characteristics, pregnancy rates, and factors influencing the outcome of tubal reversal. RESULTS: Of 133 patients, 78 (58.6%) had been sterilized by laparoscopic cautery. Loss of children was a leading cause for tubal reversal. The mean interval from tubal sterilization to tubal reversal was 65.0 months. The overall pregnancy rate was 52.6% (70/133), and the mean interval was 9.4 months from tubal reversal to pregnancy. Excluding 7 patients who were lost to follow-up, 76 pregnancies were confirmed in 63 patients with the delivery rate per patient of 66.7% (42/63). There were no significant differences in age, duration of tubal sterilization, postoperative tubal length between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization could be a justifiable method in women 36 years age or older.
Cautery ; Child ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Seoul ; Sterilization, Tubal*