PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data on paid hospital-caregivers' work performance, degree of importance of caregiving, and their knowledge as well as affecting factors on the level of practice when there is no guardian. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 155 total caregivers working at 9 hospitals. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires in December, 2010. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: The caregivers' level of practice showed 4.0/5.0 points, degree of importance, 4.4/5.0 points, and knowledge, 4.3/5.0 points. The level of practice was significantly different depending on the hospital types. Significant correlations were found between level of practice, degree of importance and knowledge. The degree of importance and types of hospital attributed to 17.1% of variance in the level of practice. CONCLUSION: A systematic hospital caregivers' program focusing on strategy to enhance caregivers' level of practice, degree of importance and knowledge can be effective for paid hospital-caregivers when there is no guardian.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Glutaraldehyde is commonly used as a biocide to disinfect delicate instruments such as dental instruments, to treat warts, hyperhidrosis and bullous diseases and as a preservative in various materials. Contact sensitivity to glutaraldehyde may not be detected, because it is not included in the standard screening chemicals recommended in the screening tests. We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by Wydex(2% glutaraldehyde). A 54-year-old female made a visit to our departrnent with eczematous dermatitis of both hands, neck and face. She worked as a cleaner in delivery room and newborn nursery, and had developed the dermatitis 1 month after Wydex' containing 2% glutaraldehyde had been to clean the rooms. She had no family or personal history of atopy or contact dermatitis. Patch tests with Korean Standard(KS-1000) and Wydex were performed, and patch tests with 2% glutaraldehyde, 0.2% gluteraldehyde and rubber mix followed. The positive results were, Wydex 2% ++, 0.2% +, 0.02% + and. glutaraldehyde 2% aq. +, 0.2% aq. + on day 2 and day 4. We confirmed that the skin lesions had been caused by Wydex . The symptoms were eradicated after she changed her work environment and there has been no evidence of recurrence.
Delivery Rooms ; Dental Instruments ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Eczema ; Female ; Glutaral* ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Nurseries ; Patch Tests ; Recurrence ; Rubber ; Skin ; Warts

It is known that optic disc morphology is different between high tension glaucoma[HTG]and normal tension glaucoma[NTG]. We quantitatively evaluated optic nerve head by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope [CSLO]to determine if substantial morphological differences between the HTG and the NTG could be identified. 21 patients[21 eyes]in the early NTG and 32 patients[32 eyes]in the early HTG were matched for visual field defect[MD>-10dB].The optic nerve head was evaluated by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph[HRT]and 12parameters provided by HRT were compared between NTG and HTG. The mean age of patients was 56.6 +/-13.6 years in NTG and 48.9 +/-14.7 years in HTG, respectively[p>0.05].Mean MD was -5.4 +/-1.9dB in the NTG, -5.0 +/-2.5dB in the HTG, respectively[p>0.05]. Disc area was slightly lager in the NTG than in the HTG, but the difference did not reach statistical significance[p>0.05].The neuroretinal rim area was significantly larger in the NTG than in the HTG[p<0.05], whereas the mean cup depth was significantly smaller in the NTG than in the HTG[p<0.05].Among the 12 parameters, cup area, rim area, cup volume, mean cup depth, and maximum cup depth in the NTG had significant correlations with CPSD in the visual field index.These findings further support the hypothesis that there may be different mechanisms in the glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
Evaluation Studies as Topic* ; Head* ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma* ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Optic Disk ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.

Warts, or verrucae, are benign epithelial proliferations of the skin and mucosa caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV). It is now recognized that there are many different HPV types. Especially type3 is most frequently observed in flat wart. Other types, such as type2, 10, 14, 27, 28, 29, 38, and 41 are rarely encounted in flat wart. We describe here a simple and economic method for detection and identification of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated HPV. The method is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction analysis. The method has been developed with cloned HPV DNA and DNA from clinical samples. Clinical samples are from either frozen tissue or paraffin-embedded tissue. Genomic fragments were obtained from two different HPV types (3 and 10). The amplification fragments were identified by a form of miniature fingerprinting, with a set of restriction enzymes that gave a unique digestion pattern for each HPV type. We have tested 74 clinical samples. Only type3 among these clinical samples is detected, and one sample is involved in neither type3 nor type10.
Clone Cells ; Dermatoglyphics ; Digestion ; DNA ; Humans* ; Mucous Membrane ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Skin ; Warts

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is caused by antecedent infectious diseases in approximately two-thirds of cases. GBS is considered an autoimmune response. Among reported preceding infections, influenza virus is relatively rare. Several reports have identified antibodies related to GBS pathogenesis. However, no case report has described the detection of influenza virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with GBS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here we report the case of a 6-year-old girl who was diagnosed with influenza A 1 week prior and was treated with oseltamivir, after which she visited our hospital for headache and bilateral leg weakness that had persisted for 1 day. We diagnosed her with GBS based on physical and neurologic examination findings, CSF analysis, nerve conduction velocity test results, spinal magnetic resonance imaging, and detection of influenza A virus in her CSF by PCR. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and her symptoms slowly improved. This case report suggests that GBS may be caused by influenza virus through penetration of the CSF.
Antibodies ; Autoimmunity ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Headache ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza, Human* ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Conduction ; Neurologic Examination ; Orthomyxoviridae* ; Oseltamivir ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to verify effects of the team approach rehabilitation program on balance, gait, and muscle strength of lower extremities of elderly people with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: Subjects of this paper were 40 elderly people with Parkinson's disease, 20 control and experimental groups respectively, who could walk independently and were less than the 2.5 Hoehn &Yahr stage. The team approach rehabilitation program was applied to the experimental group for 12 weeks. RESULTS: There was significant decrease in second at timed up &go test (p=.008), but no significant difference in reach length at functional reach test (p=.201) with partial improvement of balance. There was no significant difference in second at 10-meter walk test (p=.070), but showed tendency of improvement of gait. And number of times at 30s-chair stand test, indicating muscle strength on lower extremities, increased significantly (p=.029). CONCLUSION: The team approach rehabilitation program has demonstrated its effectiveness on improving balance, and muscle strength of lower extremities for the elderly with Parkinson's disease.
Aged ; Gait ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle Strength ; Parkinson Disease ; Rehabilitation

Myopic discs(range: -0.5D) which were taken a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope(HRT, Heidelberg Engineering) were analyzed to determine the relationship between optic disc parameters and myopic refractive errors. Regression analysis and coefficient variation were used for a statistic tool. The disc area was not correlated with the myopic refractive error(p=0.21) and showed 16.0% of coefficient of variation. Cup area, cup disc area ratio, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth and cup shape measure showed statistically significant correlation with myopic refractive error, respectively(p<0.05). Among these parameters, rim area varied least(within all myopic eyes) with 16.5% of coefficient of variation. As the rim area is the most stable optic disc parameter interindividually in myopic population, it seem to be valuable for follow-up evaluation when a glaucomatous damage is suspected in myopic eyes by calculating its expected normal value with a regression equation.
Myopia* ; Reference Values ; Refractive Errors*

Myopic discs(range: -0.5D) which were taken a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope(HRT, Heidelberg Engineering) were analyzed to determine the relationship between optic disc parameters and myopic refractive errors. Regression analysis and coefficient variation were used for a statistic tool. The disc area was not correlated with the myopic refractive error(p=0.21) and showed 16.0% of coefficient of variation. Cup area, cup disc area ratio, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth and cup shape measure showed statistically significant correlation with myopic refractive error, respectively(p<0.05). Among these parameters, rim area varied least(within all myopic eyes) with 16.5% of coefficient of variation. As the rim area is the most stable optic disc parameter interindividually in myopic population, it seem to be valuable for follow-up evaluation when a glaucomatous damage is suspected in myopic eyes by calculating its expected normal value with a regression equation.
Myopia* ; Reference Values ; Refractive Errors*

No abstract available.
Humans