No abstract available.
Brain ; Humans ; Myotonic Dystrophy

We report a monozygotic twins with temporal lobe epilepsy, almost concordant in the onset time of firt seizure, lateralization and localization of epileptiform discharges. Partial seizures with secondarily generalized seizure occurred 15 days apart. EEG showed frequent spike-slow wave complexes on the right temporal area but the findings of brain MRI were normal in both. Past medical, delivery, developmental and family history were unremarkable. They had no physical and mental handicaps, and any other underlying causes of epilepsy. They have been on monotherapy with seizure free, although follow up EEG showed frequent spike-slow wave complexes after medication. As seizures developed simultaneously, the localization and lateralization of epileptiform discharges were concordant in our monozygotic twins, we suggest that genetic factor might be the most probable etiology of epilepsy in our cases but needs to be elucidated.
Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe ; Twins, Monozygotic

Different types of aphasia resulting from stroke, as well as their anatomical correlates, are well characterized. In contrast, the literature on ictal aphasia is relatively scant. A 58-year-old woman had 4 times of transient motor aphasia. No other behavioral abnormalities and focal sensorimotor neurological deficits were revealed. Brain MRI showed a small meningioma at the left sphenoid ridge. Electroencephalogram showed occasional sharp waves on the left inferior frontal area. We report a rare case of ictal aphasia associated with meningioma.
Aphasia ; Aphasia, Broca ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Meningioma ; Middle Aged ; Stroke

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of malaria is increasing in recent years and also multidrug resistant malaria is increasing around the world and there is an increasing concern about imported malaria in nonendemic areas. Now many drugs are tried to find out effect on multidrug resistant malaria. We performed this study to investigate the thrapeutic effect of halofantrine in the treatment of chloroquine resistant imported malaria. METHODS: From Feb. 1992 to May 1995, we experienced 35 patients infected with malaria and treated 14 patients among 35 patients with halofantrine. RESULTS: 1) All 14 patients were sailor with a mean age of 39.4 years and infected with malaria. 2) The majority of patients were infected with malaria at Africa. 3) 10 patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum and the remainder were undetermined. 4) In the 11 cases of chloroquine resistant malaria treated with quinine plus tetracycline combination therapy or Fansidar, 4 cases could not be tolerable due to side effects and resistance to the therapy, we substituted halofantrine for above regimens. 5) In the 10 cases, treated after May 1994, halofantrine was the first choice of treatment because they were the cases of malaria infected in the mid-Africa where the prevalence of chloroquine resistant malaria is high. 6) With halofantrine, all 14 cases were treated with minimal side effects suc4 as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain and fatigue. CONCLUSION: We think halofantrine is a simple and effective regimen against chloroquine resistant malaria and consider this agent as an alternative therapeutic regimen on chloroquine resistant malaria.
Abdominal Pain ; Africa ; Anorexia ; Chloroquine* ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Malaria* ; Military Personnel ; Nausea ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Prevalence ; Quinine ; Tetracycline ; Vomiting

It is believed that migrainous aura is correlated with cortical spreading depression and spreading benign oligemia. A 54-year-old female with migraine with aura presented with left hemianopia preceding pulsating headache. Perfusion-weighted images revealed delayed contrast arrival to the right occipital lobe and nearly normal relative cerebral blood volume images, indicating benign oligemia. Follow-up perfusion-weighted images revealed resolution of the perfusion abnormalities. We report herein a case of migraine with aura presenting with reversible delayed perfusion in the right occipital lobe on perfusion-weighted images.
Blood Volume ; Cortical Spreading Depression ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Hemianopsia ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine with Aura* ; Occipital Lobe ; Perfusion*

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) findings with the pathological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted retrospectively by analyzing the data for 970 patients who underwent prostate biopsies. Gleason scores and other clinical variables were compared between PCa patients with and without hypoechoic lesions on TRUS. RESULTS: Of the 970 patients, PCa was diagnosed in 291 (30%). Of these, high-grade PCa (Gleason score of 7 or more) was diagnosed in 190 (65%). The cancer detection rate was higher in patients with hypoechoic lesions (43.9%) than in those without hypoechoic lesions (21.4%, p<0.001). High-grade PCa was detected more often in patients with hypoechoic lesions than in those without hypoechoic lesions (p<0.001). Independent predictors for high-grade PCa by logistic regression analysis included hypoechoic lesions on TRUS and abnormal digital rectal examination findings. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PCa who had hypoechoic lesions on TRUS had more aggressive pathological disease than did those without lesions. Therefore, hypoechoic lesions on TRUS could be a marker for clinically significant PCa.
Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To localize lesions which correlate with depression after stroke. METHOD: This study was performed in 98 stroke patients who admitted at two hospitals in Daegu in 2006. Lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed by same neuroradiologist and depression was diagnosed by same phychiatrist using DSM-III-R and ICD-10 criteria. We tried to find the correlation between the lesion location and depression. RESULTS: Depression was not related to age, sex, dominant hemisphere, underlying disease (HTN, DM, heart disease), and many lesions of interest of brain. Lesions in prefrontal area, limbic lobe, cingulate gyrus, post white matter and frontal lobe correlated significantly with depression. CONCLUSION: We found that there was a strong correlation between post stroke depression and the pathologic lesion which is frontal-subcortical circuit except basal ganglion and thalamus.
Brain ; Depression ; Frontal Lobe ; Ganglion Cysts ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Heart ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Stroke ; Thalamus

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of environmental factors on the ability of mobility in subjects with chronic stroke who can perform nearly independent activities of daily living (ADL). METHOD: Sixty one patients were divided into three groups (superior, middle, and inferior) by the degree of independent walking. Modified self-administered questionnaire was completed to report how well the patients encountered the environmental elements faced in community mobility. In addition, all patients were assessed to find out the difference of ADL performance, Berg balance scale (BBS), 10 m walking time (10 mWT) and patterns of 'going out' among the three groups. RESULTS: The group 1 (superior group) had shown better performance than group 2 (middle group) and group 3 (inferior group) in performance of ADL, BBS, 10 mWT. Secondly, the group 1 visited more places or destinations per day than the group 2 and 3, and they used more various transportation systems than other groups. Finally, there were significant differences in the distance dimension, the temporal dimension, terrain dimension (except for a 'getting on a elevator' component), and density dimension among the groups. CONCLUSION: Environmental factors as well as functional abilities could affect the mobility of subjects with chronic stroke. This result suggests that any kinds of compensation and the supports of social institutions are needed even in subjects of nearly independent ADL for their improvement of mobility and convenience.
Activities of Daily Living ; Compensation and Redress ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stroke ; Transportation ; Walking

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Though endoscopic therapies such as variceal ligation and sclerotherapy has been performed, bleeding from the large esophageal and gastric varices still poses significant risk of death. Decrease of portal pressure by TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) or surgical shunt was indicated as cause of failure of endoscopic therapies. Treatment of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate has been especially effective for gastric variceal bleeding, but comparison with other treatments had not been reported yet. In this study, the effect of cyanoacrylate injection therapy was cross-examined with the result of TIPS in acute esophagogastric variceal bleedings. METHODS: From April 1995 to June 2002, endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection therapy (43 cases) and TIPS (63 cases) were performed in our hospital. Each group was analysed regarding their clinical results including initial hemostasis rate, rebleeding rate, survival duration, mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: Initial hemostasis rate was 95.3% in cyanoacrylate group and 92.1% in TIPS group. Cumulative probability of rebleeding was not different between two groups. Overall complication rates associated with the procedure were 50.8% in TIPS group and 9.3% in cyanoacrylate group. There was no significant difference between two groups in their survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: Cyanoacrylate injection therapy was relatively safe, and has comparable results with TIPS for uncontrollable and severe esophagogastric variceal bleedings.
Acute Disease ; Comparative Study ; Enbucrilate/*administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; English Abstract ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/surgery/*therapy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*therapy ; *Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic ; Tissue Adhesives/*administration & dosage

BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that increased cell proliferation in gastric epithelium is associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Increased epithelial proliferation is one of the earliest mucosal changes observed in gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of H. pylori infection for epithelial proliferation at different stages of gastric carcinogenesis from chronic gastritis to adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Gastric biopsy specimens were collected from 129 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. Histologically, there were 29 patients with chronic gastritis, 26 chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, 31 low grade dysplasia, 18 high grade dysplasia, and 25 gastric adenocarcinoma. Status of H. pylori infection was determined by rapid urease test, modified Giemsa stain and 13C-urea breath test. Epithelial cell proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemical method using anti-PCNA antibody. RESULTS: The grade of epithelial proliferation was higher in H. pylori infected patients than uninfected patients (p=0.007) and progressively increased at different stages from chronic gastritis to gastric adenocarcinoma (p<0.001). The analysis of epithelial proliferation according to H. pylori infection status in each histologic group showed that the grades of epithelial proliferation were higher in H. pylori infected patients than uninfected patients in all groups except adenocarcinoma group. CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection causes increased gastric epithelial cell proliferation and may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Azure Stains ; Biopsy ; Breath Tests ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Proliferation ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Metaplasia ; Urease