The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salivary contamination of etched enamel on shear bond strength of a bracket adhered to etched enamel. Eighty extracted human permanent premolars were used in this study. These samples were divided into two groups. Buccal surface of samples were etched in vitro with 38% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and 60 seconds. Each group was divided into four subgroups. Etched enamel surfaces were contaminated with saliva for 0, 1, 20, 60 seconds, washed and dried. Test surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The shear bond strength of each sample was determined with a universal testing instrument(lnstron Co. Model 4201). Results were as follows; 1. Salivary contamination for 1, 20, 60 seconds did not affect shear bond strength when compared with the uncontaminated enamel group. 2. There was no significant difference(P>.05) in shear bond strength between 15 sec. and 60 sec. etching in uncontaminated enamel groups. 3. When samples were examined using SEM, organic materials coated enamel surface masked the etched pattern partially.
Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel* ; Humans ; Masks ; Saliva

The authors report series of 360 cases of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology (TFNA) from Oct. 1982, through Aug. 1986 at the Seoul National University Hospital. A diagnosis of neoplastic lesion was established in 50.3% of the cases. A non-neop- lastic diagnosis was made in 38.5%, nondiagnostic one in 6.5% and inadequate one in 4.7% of the total. Statistical findings on cytological diagnoses were as follows. Specificity was 100%: sensitivity, 92%; predictive value for positive, 1.0: predictive value for negative, 0.9; concordance rate, 84.2%: diagnostic accuracy in non-neoplastic lesion, 65.4%, and typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 0.77.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis is the most common pulmonary complication in patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. The diffusing capacity is sensitive and reliable methods for diagnosis for pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the change of diffusing capacity for dialysis duration and membranes (synthetic vs cellulosynthetic) in maintenance hemodialysis patients. METHODS: We evaluated prospectively pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO/VA) of the patients who had been receiving regular hemodialysis for a period of at least 3 months at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from April 1, 2002 to June 30, 2003. Seventy one patients were divided into two groups by dialysis duration: less than 24 months; more than 24 months. Also, we divided patients into two groups by dialysis membrane: cellulosynthetic membrane (Hemophan); synthetic membrane (Polysulfone). RESULTS: The diffusing capacity and dialysis durations were presented for negative correlation [r= -0.321 (p=0.01) in DLCO/VA]. According to dialysis membranes, DLCO/VA values were significantly decreased in patients in Hemophan group rather than Polysulfone Group [92.4+/-20.5% vs 107.5+/-19.3%, (p= 0.01)]. According to dialysis durtation and membranes, DLCO/VA values were significantly decreased in patients in Hemophan group rather than Polysulfone group at duration for more than 24 months [84.9+/-20.1% vs 105.2+/-20.8%, (p=0.003)]. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis showed a gradual reduction in lung diffusing capacity for dialysis duration. Our results suggested that lung diffusing capacity was more severely reduced in hemodialysis patients using bioincompatible membrane rather than biocompatible membrane.
Diagnosis ; Dialysis* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Lung* ; Membranes* ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Renal Dialysis*

BACKGROUND: Several studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary n-3 fatty acid for patients with renal dysfunction. While about 40% to 80% of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) complain about pruritus and xerosis, there are few reports on the effects of topical n-3 fatty acid on these symptoms. OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate the possible beneficial effects of topical n-3 fatty acid, oils extracted from chia (Salvia hispanica) seed were formulated into topical products, the effects of which were measured. METHODS: Five healthy volunteers having xerotic pruritus symptoms and 5 patients with pruritus caused by either ESRD or diabetes were involved in this study. A topical formulation containing 4% chia seed oils were applied for an 8-week duration. Subjective itching symptoms were assessed on a 6-point scale, as were other skin functions, namely transepidermal water loss and skin capacitance. RESULTS: After the 8 weeks of application, significant improvements in skin hydration, lichen simplex chronicus, and prurigo nodularis were observed in all patients. A similar improvement was also observed among healthy volunteers with xerotic pruritus. Improvement of epidermal permeability barrier function and skin hydration, represented by trans-epidermal water loss and skin capacitance, respectively, were also observed. No adverse effects were observed in all the tested patients and volunteers. CONCLUSION: Chia seed oil can be used as an adjuvant moisturizing agent for pruritic skin, including that of ESRD patients.
alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Methylmethacrylates ; Neurodermatitis ; Oils ; Permeability ; Polystyrenes ; Prurigo ; Pruritus ; Seeds ; Skin ; Water Loss, Insensible

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of dysphagia and identify the risk factors of bolus aspiration in patients presenting with pure lateral medullary infarction (LMI). Methods: Between January 2014 and January 2019, 51 post-stroke patients with LMI who underwent a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were enrolled retrospectively, and their medical records and brain magnetic resonance imaging results were reviewed. The VFSS results were evaluated to analyze the swallowing function using the penetration-aspiration scale, functional dysphagia scale, and imaging analysis software. Results: Bolus aspiration was detected in 21 patients (41.2%). The common abnormal VFSS findings were residue in valleculae (74.5%), delayed triggering of pharyngeal swallow (72.5%), residue in pyriform sinuses (62.7%), delayed pharyngeal transit time (56.9%), reduced laryngeal elevation (51.0%), and coating of the pharyngeal wall (49.0%). The incidence of aspiration was significantly higher in the typical lesions (including the diagonal band-shaped lesions) and the large type lesions extending ventrally or dorsally, as compared to other lesion types (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the residue in pyriform sinuses is a significant independent risk factor of aspiration in the puree trial, and prolonged pharyngeal delay time (PDT) and residue in valleculae are significant risk factors in the thin liquid trial (P＜0.05). Conclusion Considering all clinical factors, lesion locations, and swallowing processes, results of the current study indicate that residue in pyriform sinuses is an independent risk factor of aspiration in the swallowing puree technique, whereas prolonged PDT and residue in valleculae are independent risk factors of aspiration in the swallowing liquid technique.

Dystonia has a wide range of causes, but treatment of dystonia is limited to minimizing the symptoms as there is yet no successful treatment for its cause. One of the optimal treatment methods for dystonia is chemodenervation using botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), alcohol injection, etc., but its success depends on how precisely the dystonic muscle is selected. Here, we reported a successful experience in a 49-year-old post-stroke female patient who showed paroxysmal repetitive contractions involving the right leg, which may be of dystonic nature. BTX-A and alcohol were injected into the muscles which were identified by dynamic polyelectromyography. After injection, the dystonic muscle spasm, cramping pain, and the range of motion of the affected lower limb improved markedly, and she was able to walk independently indoors. In such a case, dynamic polyelectromyography may be a useful method for selecting the dominant dystonic muscles.
Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Dystonia* ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Cramp ; Muscles ; Nerve Block ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spasm

Dystonia has a wide range of causes, but treatment of dystonia is limited to minimizing the symptoms as there is yet no successful treatment for its cause. One of the optimal treatment methods for dystonia is chemodenervation using botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), alcohol injection, etc., but its success depends on how precisely the dystonic muscle is selected. Here, we reported a successful experience in a 49-year-old post-stroke female patient who showed paroxysmal repetitive contractions involving the right leg, which may be of dystonic nature. BTX-A and alcohol were injected into the muscles which were identified by dynamic polyelectromyography. After injection, the dystonic muscle spasm, cramping pain, and the range of motion of the affected lower limb improved markedly, and she was able to walk independently indoors. In such a case, dynamic polyelectromyography may be a useful method for selecting the dominant dystonic muscles.
Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Dystonia* ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Cramp ; Muscles ; Nerve Block ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spasm

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations between distal radius BMD and other skeletal sites (L2-L4, Femoral neck, Ward's triangle, Trochanter) BMDs, and to find aut the usefulness of DTX-200. METHODS: The authors surveyed the subjects of 76 perimenopausal women who had visited Kyunghee Medical Center and measured their bone mineral densities (BMDs) from February, 1997 to July, 1997. Measurements were done for distal radius, ultradistal-8mm radius BMD using DTX-200 (OSTEOMETER, Denmark), and other skeletal sites (L2-L4, Femoral neck, Wards triangle, Trochanter) BMDs using EXPERT (Lunar, USA). Using SPSS for windows, the correlation coefficients of the BMDs of both instruments were calculated. RESULTS: The total number of subjects were 76 (average age, 54.8 years, range 32~78years). Among them, 67 were postmenopausal women. The BMD measurements of various skeletal sites were as follows : distal radius, 0.41+/-0.07(g/cm2), ultradistal 8mm radius 0.34+/-0.07 (g/cm2), femoral neck 0.82+/-0.18 (g/cm2), trochanter 0.72+/-0.17 (g/cm2), Ward's triangle 0.59+/-0.22 (g/cm2), L2-L4 0.98+/-0.16(g/cm2). The correlations of BMDs between distal radius and femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle, and L2-L4 were 0.44, 0.35, 0.47, and 0.63, respectively. The correlations of BMDs between ultradistal-8mm radius and femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle, and L2-L4 were 0.64, 0.34, 0.41, and 0.69 respectively. CONCLUSION: The correlations of BMDs between distal radius and those of femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle, L2-L4 were moderately high.
Bone Density ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Radius*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the plantar pressure distribution during the robotic-assisted walking, guided through normal symmetrical hip and knee physiological kinematic trajectories, with unassisted walking in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. METHODS: Fifteen hemiplegic stroke patients, who were able to walk a minimum of ten meters independently but with asymmetric gait patterns, were enrolled in this study. All the patients performed both the robotic-assisted walking (Lokomat) and the unassisted walking on the treadmill with the same body support in random order. The contact area, contact pressure, trajectory length of center of pressure (COP), temporal data on both limbs and asymmetric index of both limbs were obtained during both walking conditions, using the F-Scan in-shoe pressure measurement system. RESULTS: The contact area of midfoot and total foot on the affected side were significantly increased in robotic-assisted walking as compared to unassisted walking (p<0.01). The contact pressure of midfoot and total foot on affected limbs were also significantly increased in robotic-assisted walking (p<0.05). The anteroposterior and mediolateral trajectory length of COP were not significantly different between the two walking conditions, but their trajectory variability of COP was significantly improved (p<0.05). The asymmetric index of area, stance time, and swing time during robotic-assisted walking were statistically improved as compared with unassisted walking (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The robotic-assisted walking may be helpful in improving the gait stability and symmetry, but not the physiologic ankle rocker function.
Ankle ; Extremities ; Foot ; Gait* ; Hemiplegia ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Robotics ; Stroke ; Walking

OBJECTIVE: To assess the plantar pressure distribution during the robotic-assisted walking, guided through normal symmetrical hip and knee physiological kinematic trajectories, with unassisted walking in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. METHODS: Fifteen hemiplegic stroke patients, who were able to walk a minimum of ten meters independently but with asymmetric gait patterns, were enrolled in this study. All the patients performed both the robotic-assisted walking (Lokomat) and the unassisted walking on the treadmill with the same body support in random order. The contact area, contact pressure, trajectory length of center of pressure (COP), temporal data on both limbs and asymmetric index of both limbs were obtained during both walking conditions, using the F-Scan in-shoe pressure measurement system. RESULTS: The contact area of midfoot and total foot on the affected side were significantly increased in robotic-assisted walking as compared to unassisted walking (p<0.01). The contact pressure of midfoot and total foot on affected limbs were also significantly increased in robotic-assisted walking (p<0.05). The anteroposterior and mediolateral trajectory length of COP were not significantly different between the two walking conditions, but their trajectory variability of COP was significantly improved (p<0.05). The asymmetric index of area, stance time, and swing time during robotic-assisted walking were statistically improved as compared with unassisted walking (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The robotic-assisted walking may be helpful in improving the gait stability and symmetry, but not the physiologic ankle rocker function.
Ankle ; Extremities ; Foot ; Gait* ; Hemiplegia ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Robotics ; Stroke ; Walking