No abstract available.
Splenectomy*

Male urethral diverticulum is uncommon lesion, furthermore calculus formation within the male urethral diverticulum is very rare. Generally, urethral diverticula are classified as congenital and acquired. The majority of male urethral diverticula are acquired and approximately 10 to 20 per cent are congenital. Acquired urethral diverticula in the male may arise from many sources, including infection (prostatic abscess, infection of periurethral glands, hematoma or schistosomiasis), obstruction (stricture, impacted stone, Cunningham clamp or condom catheter) and trauma (instrumentation, external injury and pelvic fracture). Calculi formation is more common in the acquired diverticulum owing to stagnation of urine and infection. These calculi in the diverticulum usually are solitary and may attain considerable size with predisposing factors, 1) a ureteral or bladder calculus that is lodged in the urethra 2) urethral trauma or stricture, 3) calcification around a foreign body or hair. The treatment of urethral diverticulum combined with stone is excision of the diverticula with removal of stone. We treated two cases of urethral diverticulum combined with stone in the male, and report with review of literature.
Abscess ; Calculi ; Causality ; Condoms ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diverticulum* ; Foreign Bodies ; Hair ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male* ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder Calculi

In the present study, culture conditions to secrete proteinases from C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were examined. All three Candida species were found to secrete proteinases from acceleration phase to stationary phase, although the proteinase activities in culture filtrate were maximal during late exponential or early stationary phase. The proteinase activity in the culture filtrate of C. albicans cells grown at 30'C, was much higher than those grown at either 20 or 37'C. In culture of C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, the highest activity was found in culture filtrate grown at 37C. C. albicans secreted proteinases well in medium at initial pH 4.0-7.0. The optimal initial pH of medium for proteinase secretion was 7.0 for C. tropicalis and 5.0-6.0 for C. parapsilosis. All three Candida species secreted proteinases to greater amount in aerobic state. The most effective carbon source for proteinase secretion was xylose, glucose, maltose and sucrose for C. albicans, xylose for C. tropicalis and trehalose for C. parapsilosis. The effects of proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, ammonium sulfate as a sole nitrogen source on proteinase secretion were examined. Bovine serum albumin was the most effective nitrogen source of those tested and a little proteinase activity was detected in the culture filtrates when yeast cells were incubated in the medium containing ammonium sulfate. C. parapsilosis secreted proteinases to greater amount than the other Candida species in all nitrogen sources under study, indicating that C. parapsilosis proteinase would not be a inducible but a constitutive enzyme.
Acceleration ; Ammonium Sulfate ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Carbon ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Maltose ; Nitrogen ; Peptide Hydrolases* ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Sucrose ; Trehalose ; Xylose ; Yeasts

Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) is a rare disease, which represents a peculiar form of lymph node hyperplasia. Generally, it has been considered as benign and localized disease but recently, revealed malignant transformation in some cases of multicentric form. It usually occurs on the mediastinum and occasionally neck, lung, axilla, mesentery, broad ligament, retroperitoneum or soft tissue of extremities. Histopathologically, it is divided into hyaline vascular or plasma cell type and the former is characterized with prominent vascular proliferation and hyalinization in the central portion and tight concentric layering of lymphocytes at the periphery of the follicles (mantle zone) and the latter is characterized by a diffuse plasma cell proliferation in the interfollicular area. From the point of view of clinical presentation, it has been divided into solitary form, which presents as a localized mass located most commonly in the mediastinum, and multicentric form, which occurs multiple location and has systemic manifestation and transformation into malignancy. Herein we report a case of Giant lymph node hyperplasia occurring in the left spermatic cord in a 58-year old male with brief review of literatures.
Axilla ; Broad Ligament ; Extremities ; Female ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hyperplasia ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Mesentery ; Neck ; Plasma Cells ; Rare Diseases ; Scrotum ; Spermatic Cord*

The magnesium-induced neuromuscular blocking effect alone and the change of vecuronium- induced neuromuscular blocking effect by magnesium pretreatment were evaluated in twelve cats weighing 2.0-4.0 kg, assigned randomly into two groups; 6 cats with bilateral renal pedicle double ligation (group II), and the others with the sham operation (group I). Pharmacodynamic studies were done using a sciatic nerve-anterior tibialis muscle preparation. Plasma magnesium concentrations after magnesium administration in both groups were significantly higher than those prior to magnesium administration. However, there was no significant difference in increased magnesium concentrations between the two groups. The median effective dose of magnesium obtained by cumulative dose-response study, were 33.4+/-11.9 mg/kg, 24.9+/-12.0 mg/kg in both groups, respectively. The ED(50) of vecuronium after magnesium pretreatment in group I and II were 11.25+/-3.39 ug/kg and 11.26+/-2.54 ug/kg respectively. The duration of magnesium-induced neuromuscular block in group II (12.10+/-4.53 min) was not different from that of group I (8.37+/-4.25 min). The recovery index of magnesium-induced neuromuscular block in group II (3.98+/-1.51 min) was significantly prolonged when compared to that of group I (2.08+/-1.32 min). The duration of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block with magnesium pretreatment in group II (22.39+/-11.41 min) was not significantly prolonged from that of group I (21.18+/-9.81 min). Also, the recovery index of vecuronium in group II (6.78+/-1.79 min) was not significantly different from that of group I (7.19+/-4.62 min). These results suggested that magnesium by itself had neuromuscular blocking effect, which was considered as one thousand potency of vecuronium As compared with normal renal function, there was no significant increase of plasma concentration of magnesium by acute renal failure after magnesium administration. Also, vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block with magnesium pretreatment was potentiated as much as three times in the both. groups equally. However, vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blocking effect was not changed by acute renal failure, as compared with normal renal function.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Animals ; Cats* ; Ligation ; Magnesium* ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Plasma ; Vecuronium Bromide*

PURPOSE: The relative impermeability of the bladder mucosa is due to the glycosaminoglycan layer covering the urothelium and the tight junction of the urothelium. Recently, one of the most popular theories of interstitial cystitis is the penetration of urinary irritants into the suburothelial tissue due to an increased permeability of the urothelium. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the intravesical heparin treatment on the permeability of bladder mucosa in allergic cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin(10mg/m1/kg) given on days 1, 3 and 5. The experiments were performed 4 weeks afrer the last injection. Controls were run simultaneously with the sensitized animals. Sensitized rats were challenged with intravesical ovalbumin(10mg/m1, 1ml) and control rats received 1 ml saline Intravesically. Sensitized-antigen challenged group was divided into two subgroups; rats treated with intravesical hepanin(5mg/ml in 0.9% NaCl) or those treated with 1 ml saline intravesically Immediately following the intravesical heparin(or saline) treatment, 1ml of 14C-urea was placed into the bladder for two hours. We examined the peripheral blood concentration of 14C-urea at periods up to 120 minutes. RESULTS: There was no 14C-urea present in the blood in control group. There was a progressive increase in the blood level of 14C-urea with time in the sensitized-antigen challenge group. Compared with intravesical saline treatment group, there was less progressive increase in the blood level of 14C-urea with time in the intravesical heparin treatment group. W8 also measured radioactivity of 14C-urea in the bladder tissues and found significantly lower level of 14C-urea in the bladder tissues from intravesical heparin treatment group than intravesical saline treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that immunologically induced cystitis increases bladder mucosal permeability in rats and intravesical heparin treatment decrease the permeability significantly.
Animals ; Cystitis* ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Heparin* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Irritants ; Mucous Membrane* ; Permeability* ; Radioactivity ; Rats* ; Tight Junctions ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium

To investigate whether anti-Candida proteinase antibody could be a diagnostic marker, we examined seroreactivity to proteinase in sera from 90 healthy controls and 8 of C. albicans culture-positive patients. Previously we purified proteinases of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis using a series of chromatographic steps consisting of DEAE- Sepharose, Sephacryl S-200, and size-exclusion HPLC. ELISA and Western blot technique were adopted to examine seroreactivity of C. albicans proteinase with sera. On ELISA, the seroreactivities of healthy controls and C. albicans-cultured patients were 0.601 +- 0.014 (mean+SEM), and 0.695 +- 0.079, respectively (P=0.084, t-test). In C. albicans-cultured patients, the positive rate was 62.5% (5/8) and the positive rate of healthy controls was 39% (35/90). On Western blot analysis, C. albicans proteinase molecule was blotted by all sera tested. But the intensity of blotted band was different with the same dilution of sera; the intensity of C. albicans proteinase molecule band blotted by 2 sera of 3 healthy control's sera was distinctively lower than that by C. albicans-cultured patients sera. However, all sera including C. albicans-cultured patient's sera did not blot the proteinase secreted by C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. It is necessary to collect sequential sera of patients with candidiasis and to establish a cut-off value for ELISA or serum dilution for Western blot analysis that will give reliable test sensitivity and specificity.
Blotting, Western ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Candidiasis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sepharose

No abstract available.
Cytarabine* ; Cytosine* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Idarubicin* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

PURPOSE: We analyzed the long-term efficacy and safety of bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) using the Gyrus(TM) PlasmaKinetic System compared with conventional monopolar TURP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 54 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent TURP between May 2003 and April 2004. In all, 28 consecutive patients had bipolar and 26 had monopolar TURP. All patients were assessed by preoperative and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, transrectal ultrasonography, operative time, weight of resected tissue, length of hospital stay, duration of catheter use, change in hemoglobin and serum sodium, and complication rates. RESULTS: Significant improvement was seen postoperatively in both groups, and no difference was observed in the resection time, weight of resected tissue, change in hemoglobin and serum sodium, improvement of IPSS and maximum flow rate (Qmax) or complication rates over the 36-month follow up. However, there was a significant difference in duration of catheter use and hospital stay. Duration of catheter use (2.1 days vs. 3.5 days p=0.012) and hospital stay (2.9 days vs. 4.1 days p=0.024) were shorter in the bipolar group. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar TURP using the Gyrus(TM) PlasmaKinetic System is as effective as conventional monopolar TURP with the advantages of reduced length of catheter use and shorter hospital stay. Both methods have low complication rates. In the long-term comparison, improvements in IPSS and Qmax after bipolar and monopolar TURP are similar. Thus bipolar TURP may be a good alternative to conventional TURP.
Catheters ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Sodium ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: Organophosphates make their clinical effects after absorbed through gastrointestinal tract, lungs and skin. We commonly see the gastrointestinal tract and lung as routes of organophosphates (OP) intoxication, but there have been few reports that said the skin as a route OP intoxication. We have experienced many patients that showed OP intoxication symptoms during or after the control of pine gall midge. So we analyzed the clinical characteristics of the patients and evaluated the route of OP intoxication. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 26 cases who were diagnosed as 'OP intoxication after control of pine gall midge' from June 1 1995 to July 31 1996. RESULTS: 1) The mean age of the cases, mean duration of work and mean initial cholinesterase level were 52 years, 11.9 days, 318.2U/L respectively. And the over all ratio of male to female was 11:15. 2) All cases were engaged in drug injection and 7 cases (32%) weared mask. Face and upper body were excluded from protective clothings. 3) The cardinal symptoms were diarrhea and dizziness followed by nausea, vomiting, headache, anorexia, paralysis in order of frequency. 4 Directly contributing factors to symptom onset were rain, excessive sweating due to hot weather and direct contact. 5) Most of cases (92%) were recovered completely. 2 cases died during hospitalization due to acute respiratory failure and sepsis. Mechanical ventilation were applied in 4 cases for mean 12 days. In 2 cases, there were neurobehavioral changes as delayed neurologic sequelae. CONCLUSION: We have concluded that the route of organophosporus intoxication after the control of pine gall midge was skin (transdermal absorption). Sufficient education and protective measures should be done for preventing organophosporus intoxication in the control of pine gall midge.
Anorexia ; Cholinesterases ; Clothing ; Diarrhea ; Dizziness ; Education ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Headache ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Masks ; Nausea ; Organophosphates ; Paralysis ; Rain ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Vomiting ; Weather