In children, the supracondylar fractures of the humerus are common in elbow region, and often associated with various complications and problems in treatment (ie,Volkmann's ischemic contracture, cubitus valgus or varus deformity, rotational deformity). The results of reduction can be measured by Baumann's angle, carrying angle, trochlea-capitellum angle, and displacement of distal radial styloid process on radiological study. So we have made experiments on the process which various three dimensional displacements reflected into two dimensional Baumann's angle and humerocapitellar angle. And we investigated the process of rotation, through various radiological studies by means of molded models of humerus. The results were as follows:l. In experiments, AP & lateral X-ray studies showed no change in rotation of proximal segment of fracture with fixed distal segment of fracture. 2. On the other hand, AP & lateral X-ray showed significant change, in rotation of proximal fracture segment with distal segment of fracture. 3. Supracondylar rotation angle(S.R.A.)depicted as the ratio of the length of proximal fracture width minus that of the distal fracture width in lateral view, to the length of distal fracture width in AP view minus that of the distal fracture width in lateral view. 4. According to the modified Mitchell result, S.R.A. to the result of treatment was average 7.6 degree in excellent group, 15.2 degree in good group and 29.3 degree in unsatisfactory group.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Fungi ; Hand ; Humans ; Humerus ; Ischemic Contracture

We described 2 patients with Marchiafava-Bignami disease, a neurological disorder associated with chronic alcohol consumption. Patient 1 expressed general weakness and confusion, while patient 2 expressed dysphagia and seizures. Lesions involving the corpus callosum were identified with T2 weighted MR imaging in which there was a hyperintensity in the splenium of patient 1 and in the entire corpus callosum of patient 2. While the conditions of both patients were improved by with nutritional support, they were left with cognitive impairment.
Alcohol Drinking ; Corpus Callosum ; Deglutition Disorders ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease* ; Nervous System Diseases ; Nutritional Support ; Seizures

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is often associated with extrahepatic autoimmune disease, and autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) or anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASA). The presence of autoantibodies may make discrimination between chronic hepatitis C with autoimmune features and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis difficult. We studied the prevalence of autoantibodies in patients with chronic HCV infection and their clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ANA, ASA, anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA), anti-microsomal antibody (AmA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) and lupus anti-coagulant (LA) were tested in 116 patients (80 chronic hepatitis C, 36 liver cirrhosis). Genotypes of HCV were determined in 25 patients by INNO LiPA. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of autoantibody was 65.5%. The most common autoantibody was aCL (34.5%), followed by ANA (25%), RF (18%), LA (15.5%), ASA (6.9%), anti-microsomal antibody (6%) and AMA (1%). The positive rate of either ANA or ASA was 30.2%, but both were positive in 1.7% only. There was no difference in the demographic features, biochemistry, HCV genotypes and disease status between autoantibody-positive and autoantibody-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: Autoantibodies were commonly found in patients with chronic HCV infection. But, the presence of autoantibodies may be a non-specific finding in chronic hepatitis C infection without clinical significance.
Autoantibodies* ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Biochemistry ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Liver ; Prevalence* ; Rheumatoid Factor

PURPOSE: Information has been limited on the genetic control of germ cell apoptosis and its role in the pathogenesis of male infertility. The object of this study was to investigate the effects of c-kit gene expression and apoptosis on human spermatogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testicular specimens were obtained from 90 infertile males with nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA) due to primary testicular failure and from 9 healthy volunteers. The specimens of infertile men were divided into 4 groups according to hitopathologic findings: Sertoli cell only(SCO) syndrome(A), maturation arrest(B), hypospermatogenesis(C) and disorganization with sloughing(D). C-kit gene expression and apoptosis were detected with immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS: The frequency of c-kit expression was lower(p<0.05) and that of apoptosis was higher(p<0.01) in infertility groups B, C, and D compared to that of the control group. A significant inverse correlation was observed in the c-kit gene expression and apoptosis in groups B, C and D(p<0.05). A similar relationship was also observed in the Sertoli cells in group D and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: With the result, we suggest that variation in c-kit gene expression and apoptosis are associated with abnormal spermatogenesis and play a role in the pathophysiology of male infertility.
Apoptosis* ; Gene Expression ; Germ Cells ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogenesis* ; Testis

No abstract available.
Ankle*

No abstract available.

The ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations were performed in order to diagnose a suspected neoplastic orinfectious diseases in 52 patients with focal liver disease. Of these, neoplastic lesions were suspected in 31patients and infectious lesions in 21 patients ultrasonically and/or clinically. The overall accuracy for bothsuspected malignant and infectious disease was 79%(41/52). The primary indication for fine needle aspiration wasto document the presense of malignancy and to avoid a diagnostic laparotomy, and to drain hepatic abscesses.Consequently we were convinced that the ultasound
Aspirations (Psychology) ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Liver Diseases ; Liver ; Methods ; Needles ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol versus oral dinoprostone for labor induction at term. METHODS: One hundred of patients at term were randomized to receive either 50microgram of misoprostol vaginally every 4 hours or dinoprostone 0.5mg orally every 1 hour for the maximum of six doses. Intravenous infusion of oxytocin was administered under such circumferences as the patient did not go into active labor after maximum dose, SROM was developed without an adequate contraction pattern, or the patient had arrest of dilatation(no change in cervical dilatation for 2 hours). We compared the frequency of oxytocin augmentation, administration to delivery interval, vaginal delivery rate within 12 hours and 24 hours, intrapartum complications, induction failure, mode of delivery, neonatal outcomes, and maternal complications between two groups. RESULTS: The average interval from administration to delivery was shorter in the misoprostol group(739.4+/-372.4min vs 1087.7+/-765.1min, p<0.05), but the interval from administration to vaginal delivery of each group was similar(724.3+/-375.4min vs 800.3+/-697.0min). Regarding the frequency of vaginal delivery within 24 hours, however, misoprostol group was higher than dinoprostone group(88% vs 56%, p<0.001). And oxytocin augmentation of labor occurred less commonly in misoprostol group than in dinoprostone group(20% vs 76%, p<0.05). Any statistically significant difference in intrapartum complications, mode of delivery, and neonatal or maternal adverse outcome was not appeared between these two group. CONCLUSION: Vaginal misoprostol is as effective and safe as oral dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction of labor at term. In addition, vaginal misoprostol contributes the curtailment of labor induction expenditure due to its moderate price; misoprostol costs 100 won per 50microgram.
Cervical Ripening ; Dinoprostone* ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Labor Stage, First ; Misoprostol* ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: Preterm delivery (PTD) is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown in most cases. Recently, some research put forth the hypothesis that PTD results, at least in part, from a genetic predisposition. This study was undertaken to elucidate whether polymorphisms of cytochrome 450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1A2 are associated with PTD caused by preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) in Korean pregnant women. METHODS: From August 2002 to October 2003, in the affiliated hospitals in the Catholic University of Korea, we have collected the samples from the 264 women who delivered after 37 weeks and from 26 women who delivered following spontaneously ruptured membranes before 37 weeks. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the genotype frequency as well as in the allelic frequency of CYP1A1*m2 in PPROM group compared with the control group (54% vs. 66%, P=0.224; 0.29 vs. 0.40, P=0.111, respectively). The genotype frequency of CYP1A2*C was significantly higher in PPROM group than in the control group (69% vs. 49%, P=0.047). However, the allelic frequency of CYP1A2*C was not significantly higher in PPROM group than in the control group (0.4 vs. 0.275, P=0.45). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CYP1A2*C may be, at least in part, associated with PPROM.
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2* ; Cytochromes ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Korea ; Membranes* ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnant Women ; Rupture*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to evaluate reliability and diagnostic validity of the CIDI. METHODS: 64 patients with DSM-IV dementia and 90 elderly patients with other mental disorders entered this study. Inter-subtest Pearson's correlations, corrected subtest-total correlations and Cronbach's alpha were computed for reliability while correlations of the total scores on CIDI with the performances on other scales relating to dementia, sensitivity and specificity, area under curve using the receiver operating characteristic curve, and group comparison were used for the assessment of validity. RESULTS: The CIDI's inter-subtest correlations ranged from 0.596 to 0.813, with a mean of 0.707. The corrected subtest-total correlations were between 0.759 and 0.890. Cronbach's alpha of the subtests was 0.941 and the Cronbach's alpha were between 0.928 and 0.948 when any subtest was deleted. In the demented subjects, the correlation coefficients of the total CIDI score with the performances on S-SDQ, IADL, BADL, BDRS, and MMSEK were around 0.5. Area under the receiver operating curve of CIDI was 0.933 with the standard error of 0.021(95% CI, 0.891-0.975). At the CIDI cutoff point of 65/66, sensitivity and specificity were 95.3% and 85.6%, respectively. The corresponding values of MMSEK were 0.930, 0.020 (95% CI, 0.891-0.969), 22/23, and 89.1% and 85.6%. The demented scored much poorer in all CIDI subtests than the nondemented mental patients, and the differences were highly significant. CONCLUSIONS: The CIDI was satisfactory regarding to reliabilities and diagnostic validities. The CIDI and MMSEK are thought to be reciprocal in assessment of cognitive functions: CIDI is preferable for clinical assessment of cognitive dysfunction and MMSEK for as a screening test.
Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Disorders ; Mentally Ill Persons ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Weights and Measures