PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine associations of intakes of milk and dairy products, pulses, and soy foods with bone health in Koreans aged 50 yr and older. METHODS: A total of 3,201 men and 3,581 women aged 50 yr and older who participated in the 2008~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were grouped by sex and age groups of 50~64 yr and 65 yr and older. Subjects within each sex and age group were divided into three bone health groups: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on bone mineral density. Intakes of nutrients and foods derived from 24-hour recall data were compared among three bone health groups. Associations between intake frequencies of foods, including milk, yogurt, tofu, or soy milk, and osteoporosis risk were evaluated based on confounding risk factor-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS: Calcium intake was in the order of normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in men (p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.05) aged 50~64 yr as well as in men aged 65 yr and older (p < 0.001). In women aged 50~64 yr, intake of milk and dairy products was lower in the osteoporosis group (p < 0.01) as compared with the osteopenia group. Intake of pulses or tofu was not significantly different among bone health groups. Odds ratio (OR) for milk intake frequency (≥ 2 times/week) compared to intake frequency less than 1 time/month was 0.45 (95% CI 0.24~0.85, p for trend = 0.022) in men aged 65 yr and older. The OR for yogurt intake frequency (1 time/month~1 time/week) was 0.47 (95% CI 0.30~0.73, p for trend = 0.019) in women aged 50~64 yr. Intake frequency of tofu or soy milk was not associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis in all groups. CONCLUSION: Dairy food intake was significantly associated with bone health, and its effect was sex- and age group-specific, whereas soy food intake was not. Dietary intervention to prevent osteoporosis would be effective for women aged 50~64 yr old and for men aged 65 yr and older.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcium ; Dairy Products ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Milk ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoporosis ; Soy Foods ; Soy Milk ; Yogurt

Osteomesopyknosis is a rare sclerosing bone disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance. We report a first case of osteomesopyknosis in Korea. A 16-year old girl complained of diffuse back pain for 1 year. We performed physical examination, biochemical investigations and imaging studies. A radiograph of spine revealed rugger-jersey vertebra and sandwich vertebra. Bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen were normal. Only an axial skeleton involvement was shown on the whole body bone scan. This patient was diagnosed to have osteomesopyknosis. Osteomesopyknosis is characterized by normal level of bone turnover marker and an axial bone involvement. Osteomesopyknosis can be occurred in Korea and needs to be considered when patients, especially young patients, suffer from back pain and have only axial osteosclerosis.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Back Pain ; Bone Diseases ; Collagen Type I ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Osteocalcin ; Osteosclerosis ; Physical Examination ; Skeleton ; Spine ; Wills

PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to develop a mild vascular cognitive impairment (MVCI) assessment tool for patients with stroke and to examine its validity, reliability, and clinical adequacy. METHODS: Items of this tool were developed based on previously verified cognitive assessment tools. Face, content, and criterion (concurrent) validities, optimal cut-off score for differentiation of MVCI and normal cognitive function, clinical adequacy, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability of the assessment tool were determined in 60 stroke patients at a university hospital located in Incheon, South Korea. RESULTS: The devised MVCI assessment tool contains 20 items which were designed to assess seven cognitive domains: orientation, memory, language, attention, reasoning/abstraction, visuospatial perception, and executive function/problem solving. Content, face, and construct validities were well supported. Clinical adequacy testing revealed that the overall probability of correctly discriminating MVCI using the MVCI assessment tool for stroke was 90.0%, which was statistically significant. Furthermore, a score of 23 was found to be the optimal cut-off score for MVCI. Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were also well supported. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that the developed MVCI assessment tool for stroke could serve as a clinically useful tool for detecting MVCI and for properly assessing degree of cognitive impairment in stroke patients.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mild Cognitive Impairment/complications/diagnosis ; Neuropsychological Tests/*standards ; Psychometrics/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke/*complications

The objective of this study was to analyze the concurrent treatment effects of ursolic acid (UA) and low-intensity treadmill exercise and to confirm the effectiveness of UA as an exercise mimetic to safely improve muscle atrophy-related diseases using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with skeletal muscle atrophy. Significant muscle atrophy was induced in male SD rats through hind limb immobilization using casting for 10 days. The muscle atrophy-induced SD rats were group into four: SED, sedentary; UA, daily intraperitoneal UA injection, 5 mg/kg; EX, low-intensity (10–12 m/min, 0° grade) treadmill exercise; and UEX, daily intraperitoneal UA injection, 5 mg/kg, and low-intensity (10–12 m/min, 0° grade) treadmill exercise. After 8 weeks of treatment, endurance capacity was analyzed using a treadmill, and tissues were extracted for analysis of visceral fat mass, body weight, muscle mass, expression of muscle atrophy- and hypertrophy-related genes, and endurance capacity. Although the effects of body weight gain control, muscle mass increase, and endurance capacity improvement were inadequate in the UA group, significant results were confirmed in the UEX group. The UEX group had significantly reduced body weight and visceral fat, significantly improved mass of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, and significantly decreased atrophy-related gene expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1, but did not have significant change in hypertrophy-related gene expression of Akt and mTOR. The endurance capacity was significantly improved in the EX and UEX groups. These data suggest that concurrent treatment with low-intensity exercise and UA is effective for atrophy-related physical dysfunctions.
Aging ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Body Weight ; Extremities ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Muscular Atrophy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has a crucial role in various autoimmune disorders including, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our previous study demonstrated that STAT3 activation by IL-6 in colonic epithelial cells exacerbates experimental ulcerative colitis. Activated T lymphocytes are also found in ulcerative colitis patients with intestinal inflammation, but the role of STAT3 in T cells remains elusive. To determine the STAT3 function of T cells in intestinal inflammation, we generated T cell-specific STAT3 knockout (KO) mice and used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis. In this study, we demonstrated that T cell-specific STAT3 deletion alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice, resulting in reduced histological scores and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Importantly, the population of T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes was significantly decreased in the control and DSS-induced groups of STAT3 KO mice. In addition, STAT3 deficiency in T cells markedly reduced the production of interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A, whereas IL-10 secretion was increased. Collectively, the results suggest that STAT3 in T cells may be a therapeutic target in ulcerative colitis by balancing the immune response through T cell homeostasis.
Animals ; Colitis* ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Cytokines ; Dextran Sulfate* ; Dextrans* ; Epithelial Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Interferons ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Peroxidase ; Spleen ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and radiologic results of the shoulder arthrodesis in brachial plexus injury patients with flail upper extremity. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From Aug 1978 to April 2008, 29 shoulders in 29 patients with brachial plexus injury with shoulder fusion, we evaluated 20 shoulders in 20 patients, more than 1 year follow up. The average follow-up period was 6.45years (range: 1year~24years). There were 13 men and 7 women, and the mean age at the time of trauma was 32.0years(2~65 years). The type of injury was a motorcycle accident in 11 patients, in car accident in 5, pedestrian accident in 3, and fall from a height in 1. The lesion of injury was root and trunk in 1 patient, trunk and cord in 1, trunk in 18. Surgery was performed on the whole arm type paralysis in 12 patients, lower arm type paralysis in 8 patients. The preoperative visual analog scale score was 8.7(7~10). When the trapezius and serratus anterior muscle were in function, operation was performed. 18 patients were processed to the additional operation. Gracilis free flap in 6 patients, neurotization in 3, Steindler flexor plasty in 6, and tendon transfer in 3 were performed. Fixation was conducted with cancellous screws in 13 patients, Knoles pins in 5, and cancellous screws and Knoles pins in 2. The position of the arthrodesis at operation was 28.5degrees(20~45degrees) in abduction, 30.3degrees(20~45degrees) in flexion, and 30.8degrees(20~40degrees) in internal rotation. RESULT: The follow up visual analog scale score was 3.4(0~7). Postoperatively, shoulder spica cast was applied for 15.3weeks(8-20weeks). The median time to bony union was 17.7weeks(9~28weeks). Average range of motion was 32.0degrees(15~40degrees) of abduction, 24.0degrees(10~40degrees) of flexion, and 18.5degrees(10~30degrees)of internal rotation. CONCLUSION: The shoulder fusion in brachial plexus injury patients is one of the good methods to relieve pain, improve the function and stabilize the flail shoulder joint.
Arm ; Arthrodesis ; Brachial Plexus ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Male ; Motorcycles ; Muscles ; Nerve Transfer ; Paralysis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Tendon Transfer

A Pancreaticobiliary fistula is a rare complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis or pancreatic abscess. One case is herein reported of pancreaticobiliary fistula that was found following removal of pancreatic duct stones by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and endoscopic sphincterotomy. The patient was a 53-year old woman who was admitted with epigastric pain and fever. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography revealed multiple stones in the main pancreatic duct. Pus from the pancreatic duct was drained through the major papilla during cannulation. On balloon cholangiogram obtained after removal of the stones, a direct fistulous connection between the main pancreatic duct and distal common bile duct was noted. It is speculated that pancreatic abscess or mechanical compression of pancreatic duct stones may contribute to the destruction of the intrapancreatic bile duct, which leads to the formation of a pancreaticobiliary fistula.
Abscess ; Bile Ducts ; Catheterization ; Common Bile Duct ; Female ; Fever ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Ducts* ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Suppuration

Abstract: Edible offal is easily contaminated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli is considered a serious public health problem, thus, this study investigated the genetic characteristics of FQ-resistant E. coli from edible offal. A total of 22 FQ-resistant E. coli isolates were tested. A double mutation in each gyrA and parC led the highest MIC. Four (18.2%) isolates carried plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. The fimH, eaeA, escV, astA, and iucC genes were confirmed. Seventeen isolates (77.3%) were positive for plasmid replicons. The isolates showed high genetic heterogeneity based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to develop Treatment Guidelines for Alcohol Use Disorder-the Korean Addiction Treatment Guidelines-using the Adaptation method. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: As the Adaptation method of Guidelines, the ADAPTE Manual, which is developed by ADAPTE collaboration is applied. In Part 1 : preparatory work prior to the beginning of Adaptation is performed. In Part 2 : the core phase of the Adaptation in which we searched the guidelines and performed a systematic review of the literature. The two guidelines (of the AU and the UK) are selected by gone through the methodological quality and currency evaluation for guidelines. And, in order to choose the proper recommendations, the contents were evaluated with regard to the applicability and acceptability of guidelines to the domestic. Finally, in Part 3 : the adapted guideline is reviewed externally, with review and plan update. Therefore, in this way, the Korean Guidelines for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder, comprised of 55 recommendations, was developed. CONCLUSION: In this study, Korean Guidelines for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder were developed by application of the Adaptation method of ADAPTE. These are the first evidence-based Korean Guidelines for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder, which were modified and accepted in accordance with Korean circumstances within the range not damaging the validity of the treatment worth, and it is expected to contribute to improvement in quality and efficiency enhancement of Korean treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder.
Cooperative Behavior