No abstract available.
Electrophoresis*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic deprivation of estradiol on the serotonin level in Sprague-Dawley rat's cerebral cortex and hippocampus. METHODS: One hundred of female Sprague-Dawley rats were taken care for seven to eight weeks, then they were randomly assigned into two group; fifty rats underwent bilateral oophorectomy & the remaining rats were the control group. Six months after oophorectomy, brain tissue was extracted from cerebral cortex and hippocampus and then homogenated: this was done in the both groups. The upper layer of the homogenated substance was taken and frozen and finally dried up. The next process was marking with PITC, quantification through HPLC and comparing with authentic serotonin. Protein quantity was measured by using Bradford method. RESULTS: Comparison between the bilateral oophorectomy group and the control group for serotonin content in the cerebral cortex was 134.2+/-14.3 nmol/mg protein(mean+/-SEM) and 122.5+/-11.6 nmol/mg protein in each group. As for the serotonin content in the hippocampus was 148.8+/-13.9 nmol/mg protein and 132.9+/-13.7 nmol/mg protein in each group. It shows that, there was no significant difference in the serotonin level, in the two areas mentioned above. CONCLUSION: The effect of estradiol on the serotonin level may be dependent on the hormonal change duration. Chronic effect of hypoestrogenism might have no effect on tryptophan hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase, thus not changin the serotonin level. These data supported the previous findings that chronic hypoestrogenism had no effect on serotonin level.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Estradiol ; Female ; Female* ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Monoamine Oxidase ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Serotonin* ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Love*

The diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder is difficult in that the symptoms and cystoscopic findings are nonspecific. The cytology of urine could be helpful for diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder. We present a case of bladder washing cytology of carcinoma in situ. A 54 year old man presented with dysuria for 1 year. Cystoscopic findings revealed multifocal reddish trabeculated lesions. The bladder washing cytology revealed rather uniform tumor cells which were singly scattered or forming syncytium in the clean background. The nuclei were round to oval with inconspicious nucleoli. The cystoscopic biopsy revealed typical histologic features of carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ* ; Diagnosis ; Dysuria ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder*

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and PCNA and VEGF protein expression, apoptosis and its related gene expression such as Bcl-2 and Bax in cervical cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients with locally advanced or bulky cervical cancer treated with three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy or radiation therapy at Seoul National University Hospital from June 1995 to June 1998. The specimen were obtained before chemotherapy by colposcopy directed biopsy. The protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF and PCNA were examined by immunohisto- chemical staining and the apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining. These results were compared with chemotherapeutical response which was evaluated by colposcopy or CT/MRI. There were 2 CR(complete response), 19 PR(partial response) and 9 NC(no change) and there was no progressive disease. There was no significant difference between responder and nonresponder according to the age, tumor size and FIGO stage. The 3 year survival rates of responder and nonresponder were 90.0% and 66.7% respectively and there was significant difference between two groups(p=0,015). The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was positive in 23.3%(7/30) and 46.7%(14/30). The expression of VEGF was positive in 83.3%(25/30). PCNA PI(positive index), defined as PCNA positive cells in percentage was more than 25.0% in 20 cases. Apoptotic index, defined as the number of the cells undergoing apoptosis per 1,000 tumor cells, ranged from 3 to 53(mean 22.3). Although there was no significant relationship between the clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the expre- ssion of Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF and PCNA PI, apoptotic index was significantly higher in responder than nonresponder when the cutoff value of positive was defined as apoptotic index more than 5(p=0.032). In conclusion, the evaluation of the pattern of apoptosis before neoadjuvant chemothera- py is potentially useful for the prediction ofz tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for cervical cancer.
Apoptosis* ; Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Drug Therapy* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: This methodological study was done to develop a telephone consultation algorithms and practice guidelines for patient discharged with ophthalmic diseases. METHODS: The ophthalmic problems of the patients were identified and expert knowledge on managing the problems was acquired. Algorithms and practice guidelines were developed based on the expert knowledge. The content validity of algorithms and practice guidelines was evaluated by the experts. RESULTS: The preliminary algorithms and practice guidelines were developed from 60 detailed signs and symptoms and 45 nursing interventions. The experts agreed that 57 detailed signs and symptoms linked with nursing interventions were valid, with the content validity index over 80%. Meeting with nurse experts and ophthalmologists was convened to review the rest of the 3 detailed signs and symptoms linked with nursing interventions. Finally, 60 detailed signs and symptoms and 46 nursing interventions were confirmed. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the algorithms and practice guidelines are effective decision-making tools and utilization of these algorithms and practice guidelines is expected to improve the quality of clinical nursing and patient satisfaction.
Humans ; Methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Patient Satisfaction ; Telenursing ; Telephone

OBJECTIVES: This study is to cross-map telephone nursing consultation documentations with International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP; ver. 1.0 concepts). METHODS: The narrative telephone nursing consultation documentations of 170 ophthalmology nursing unit patients were analyzed. The nursing statements were examined and cross-mapped with the Korean version of the ICNP ver. 1.0. If all the concepts of a statement were mapped to ICNP concepts, it was classified as 'completely mapped'. If any concept of a statement wasnot mapped, it was classified as 'partially mapped'. If none of the concepts were mapped, it was classified as 'not mapped'. RESULTS: A total of 738 statements wereused for documenting telephone nursing consultations. These statements were divided into 3 groups according to their content: 1) 294 nursing phenomena-related statements (72 unique statements), 2) 440 nursing actions-related statements (76 unique statements), and 3) 4 other statements (2 unique statements). In total, 189 unique nursing concepts extracted from 150 unique statements and 108 concepts (62.44%) were mapped onto ICNP concepts. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the feasibility of computerizing narrative nursing documentations for electronic telephone triagein the ophthalmology nursing unit.
Documentation ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Nursing Records ; Ophthalmology ; Referral and Consultation ; Telenursing ; Telephone ; Triage

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a decision support system that helps school nurses manage health problems they encounter while caring for the elementary and secondary school students, and evaluate usability of it. METHODS: Knowledge was aquired by literatures review and interviews with senior school nurses and was validated by another group of school nurses. The Omaha System was used as a standardized nursing terminology to describe nursing diagnoses and interventions. The system was developed under the Windows environment. C++ was used as a program language and MS Structured Query Language as a database. To investigate usability of the system, 30 school nurses in elementary and secondary schools were recruited and asked to apply it to nursing problems they encountered in actual students care setting. RESULTS: The decision support system with seven major signs and symptoms was developed. It automatically makes a nursing diagnosis based on the input data, and also provides nursing interventions with evidence. It was proven that the system was very useful for school nurses to manage students` health problems. CONCLUSION: The system will contribute to development of expert knowledge concerning student's health problems and improve the quality of school nursing and professionalism.
Expert Systems ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Care* ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; School Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify minimum datasets for ulcer assessment and to map the minimum datasets to paper-based nursing records for pressure ulcer care in homecare setting. METHODS: To identify minimum datasets for pressure ulcer assessment, the authors reviewed four guidelines for pressure ulcer care. The content validity of the minimum datasets was assessed by three homecare nurse specialists. To map the minimum datasets to nursing records, the authors examined 107 pressure ulcer events derived from 45 pressure ulcer patients who received home nursing from two hospitals in Gyeonggi Province. RESULTS: The minimum datasets for initial assessment were anatomical location, stage, size, tissue, exudate, condition of periwound skin, undermining, odor, and pain. 'Location' was recorded best, accounting for a complete recording rate of 98.1%. 'Exudate' and 'pain' showed the poorest record, accounting for 2.8% and 0%,respectively. The minimum datasets for progress assessment were wound size, tissue, and exudate, each accounted for 31.8%, 2.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that data on pressure ulcer assessment was not sufficient homecare and it can be improved by adopting minimum datasets as identified in this study.
Dataset* ; Exudates and Transudates ; Gyeonggi-do ; Home Nursing* ; Humans ; Nursing Assessment ; Nursing Records* ; Odors ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Skin ; Specialization ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Humans