No abstract available.
Benzalkonium Compounds* ; Dermatitis, Contact*

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that diabetic patients are under high oxidative stress and plasma MDA concentration is a reliable marker for oxidative stress. However, some studies showed that plasma MDA is not a good marker for oxidative stress. Reeently, the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAPc) has been proposed as a marker for the overall antioxidant property of plasma samples. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate whether MDA and TRAPc are reliable markers of the oxidative stress-antioxidant system or not. METHODS: The plasma samples from 67 type 2 diabetic patients and 31 normal subjects were collected. The plasma MDA, protein-bound SH groups, uric acid and vitamin C were determined by fluorophotometry or spectrophotometry. Plasma vitamin E concentration was analyzed by HPLC. Calculated TRAP (TRAPc) were determined by the proposed calculation methods. RESULTS: 1. Diabetic patients had significantly lower TRAPc, compared with normal subjects. 2. SH groups, uric acid, vitamin C and vitamin E were not different between the two groups. 3. MDA and MDA/TG were significantly higher in diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, TRAPc seems to be a reliable parameter of overall plasma antioxidant system and the plasma MDA may be used as a marker of oxidative stress, but further long-term logitudinal studies are needed.
Ascorbic Acid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fluorophotometry ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Spectrophotometry ; Uric Acid ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

Cutaneous metastasis from the tumors of internal organs is rare, but often gives a clue to diagnosis. Metastasis to the abdominal skin including umbilicus has frequently originated from a tumor of the large bowel, ovary, stomach and pancreas. We report two cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma developed on the abdominal wall. One at the umbilicus clarified the origin as a pancreatic carcinoma, and the other at the sites of previous laparascopy and paracenthesis was originated from an ovarian cancer.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Wall ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Pancreas ; Skin* ; Stomach ; Umbilicus

No abstract available.
Antigens, Surface* ; Oncogenes*

"The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data of nutrition education for obese children in Seoul and to examine dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and body image recognition before and after nutrition education. A convenience sample of 69(male : 54, female : 15) obese children was selected from "98 Children Nutrition Camp" in Seoul. The survey design employed a structured questionnaires. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight were measured in 69 obese subjects of age 10~12. 2. Effects of nutrition knowledge were gained by dietary habits, dietary behaviors and body image recognition. 3. Comparison of nutrition knowledge scores for obese children was to obtain basic data of effects for nutrition education. "
Body Image* ; Child* ; Education* ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hypothermia on the recovery time after either vecuronium or atracurium given by repeated bolus injection, and to determine the adequate time of administration of neuromuscular blockers during cardiopulmonary bypass. Two groups of 10 patients each were studied before(Tl), during(T2) and after(T3) hypothermia. Following an initial intravenous bolus dose of 2X ED95 of either vecuronium(Group I) or atracurium(Group II), repeated bolus dose of ED95 was injected whenever twitch tension had returned to 20% block of train-of-four response before bypass of control As a result, the action duration of vecuronium(from injection of loading dose to twitch tension=20%) was 29.5+/-5.5 mins, 103.1+/-12.0 mins and 70.8+/-9.9 mins before, during and after hypothermia, respectively. The eorresponding values for atracurium were 26.3+/-5.1 mins, 85.7+/-11.4 mins and 42.5+/-5.1 mins. We conclude that hypothermia increases significantly the duration of action of both muscle relaxants(P<0.001) and vecuronium is influenced by hypothermia more than atracurium. The rate of recovery of twitch height after hypothermia is more rapid in atracurium than vecuronium(P<0.001). Single bolus injection of ED95 of vecuronium administered just before cardiopulmonary bypass is suitable for maintaining the neuromuscular block throughout cardiopulmonary bypass.
Atracurium* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Vecuronium Bromide*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clinical practice and simulation-based practice for obstetrical nursing in terms of self-efficacy, practice satisfaction, and practice stress. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group post test design was used. The participants were 171 junior nursing students, 103 in the experimental group, and 68 in the control group. Simulation-based practice consisted of nursing assessment during labor, nursing assessment and intervention for normal and high risk mother, nursing education for mother and family during labor, and open lab. The experimental group participated in simulation-based practice for two days and the control group participated in clinical practice at delivery room for two weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher level of self-efficacy (p=.043), practice satisfaction (p<.001) and practice stress (p=.003) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Simulation-based practice is an effective learning method for obstetrical nursing and can be used as the alternative for clinical practice. However, stress management strategies are needed for simulation-based practice.
Delivery Rooms ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Mothers ; Nursing Assessment ; Obstetrical Nursing ; Personal Satisfaction ; Pyridines ; Students, Nursing ; Thiazoles

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and PCNA and VEGF protein expression, apoptosis and its related gene expression such as Bcl-2 and Bax in cervical cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients with locally advanced or bulky cervical cancer treated with three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy or radiation therapy at Seoul National University Hospital from June 1995 to June 1998. The specimen were obtained before chemotherapy by colposcopy directed biopsy. The protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF and PCNA were examined by immunohisto- chemical staining and the apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining. These results were compared with chemotherapeutical response which was evaluated by colposcopy or CT/MRI. There were 2 CR(complete response), 19 PR(partial response) and 9 NC(no change) and there was no progressive disease. There was no significant difference between responder and nonresponder according to the age, tumor size and FIGO stage. The 3 year survival rates of responder and nonresponder were 90.0% and 66.7% respectively and there was significant difference between two groups(p=0,015). The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was positive in 23.3%(7/30) and 46.7%(14/30). The expression of VEGF was positive in 83.3%(25/30). PCNA PI(positive index), defined as PCNA positive cells in percentage was more than 25.0% in 20 cases. Apoptotic index, defined as the number of the cells undergoing apoptosis per 1,000 tumor cells, ranged from 3 to 53(mean 22.3). Although there was no significant relationship between the clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the expre- ssion of Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF and PCNA PI, apoptotic index was significantly higher in responder than nonresponder when the cutoff value of positive was defined as apoptotic index more than 5(p=0.032). In conclusion, the evaluation of the pattern of apoptosis before neoadjuvant chemothera- py is potentially useful for the prediction ofz tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for cervical cancer.
Apoptosis* ; Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Drug Therapy* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

BACKGROUND: A noninvasive method for estimating cardiac output was tested in dogs. The technique is based on a differential CO2 Fick equation applied during normal ventilation and 50 seconds of partial rebreathing using additional dead space. We compared the cardiac output measured by the CO2 rebreathing method vs. the thermodilution technique. METHODS: Seven mongrel-dogs (24.6 +/- 0.4 kg) were studied, anesthesia was induced and maintained with a pentobarbital 25 mg/kg IV bolus injection followed by an infusion of 5 mg/kg/h. Mechanical ventilation was accomplished with a Servo 900C ventilator with FiO2 0.6 to maintain normocarbia. A fiberoptic pulmonary artery catheter was introduced via an external jugular vein for continuous monitoring of the cardiac output by the thermodilution method. Also cardiac output was measured by using partial CO2 rebreathing method. A continuous infusion of 0.5% bupivacaine was started at 0.5 mg/kg/min via the venous infusion port of the pulmonary catheter. Bupivacaine was infused continuously until mean arterial pressure decreased to 60 mmHg or less for at least 5 seconds. RESULTS: The total measured cardiac outputs (n = 72) were distributed over the range of 1.03-7.72 L/min by thermodilution method and 1.6-7.3 L/min by CO2 rebreathing. The correlation coefficients between both cardiac outputs was 0.6, the mean difference was 0.27 +/- 0.81 L/min. CONCLUSIONS: The cardiac output measured by CO2 rebreathing method was well correlated with cardiac output by thermodilution method.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Cardiac Output* ; Catheters ; Dogs ; Jugular Veins ; Pentobarbital ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration, Artificial ; Thermodilution* ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: Paramedian approach is more useful than midline approach when degenerative changes are encountered in the interspinous structure and when ideal positioning of the patient can not be achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine the guideline of depth from skin to subarachnoid space by midline or paramedian approach in Korean adult. METHODS: The distance from skin to subarachnoid space was measured in 47 patients recieving spinal anesthesia by midline approach and 30 patients by paramedian approach at L3-4 level. RESULTS: The mean depth to subarachnoid space was 5.44+/-0.47 cm in midline approach. In paramedian approach by 18.0degrees of caudal and 18.5degrees of lateral angle, mean depth was 6.24+/-0.60 cm. There were significant correlation between depth and weight, and depth and ponderal index. In ages over 50 years old, difficult cases were significantly more in midline approach than in paramedian approach. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of factors as weight or ponderal index can be used to predict the depth. Paramedian approach is more useful than midline approach in ages over 50 years old.
Adult* ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Needles* ; Punctures* ; Skin ; Subarachnoid Space