No abstract available.
Benzalkonium Compounds* ; Dermatitis, Contact*

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that diabetic patients are under high oxidative stress and plasma MDA concentration is a reliable marker for oxidative stress. However, some studies showed that plasma MDA is not a good marker for oxidative stress. Reeently, the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAPc) has been proposed as a marker for the overall antioxidant property of plasma samples. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate whether MDA and TRAPc are reliable markers of the oxidative stress-antioxidant system or not. METHODS: The plasma samples from 67 type 2 diabetic patients and 31 normal subjects were collected. The plasma MDA, protein-bound SH groups, uric acid and vitamin C were determined by fluorophotometry or spectrophotometry. Plasma vitamin E concentration was analyzed by HPLC. Calculated TRAP (TRAPc) were determined by the proposed calculation methods. RESULTS: 1. Diabetic patients had significantly lower TRAPc, compared with normal subjects. 2. SH groups, uric acid, vitamin C and vitamin E were not different between the two groups. 3. MDA and MDA/TG were significantly higher in diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, TRAPc seems to be a reliable parameter of overall plasma antioxidant system and the plasma MDA may be used as a marker of oxidative stress, but further long-term logitudinal studies are needed.
Ascorbic Acid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fluorophotometry ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Spectrophotometry ; Uric Acid ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

Cutaneous metastasis from the tumors of internal organs is rare, but often gives a clue to diagnosis. Metastasis to the abdominal skin including umbilicus has frequently originated from a tumor of the large bowel, ovary, stomach and pancreas. We report two cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma developed on the abdominal wall. One at the umbilicus clarified the origin as a pancreatic carcinoma, and the other at the sites of previous laparascopy and paracenthesis was originated from an ovarian cancer.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Wall ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Pancreas ; Skin* ; Stomach ; Umbilicus

No abstract available.
Antigens, Surface* ; Oncogenes*

The Dandy-Wlaker syndrome is a developmental disoeder characterized by cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and is usually associated with hydrocephalus. This syndrome is also associated with intracranial malformations such as agenesis of corpus callosum, and extracranial malformations such as facial anormalies (cleft palate, cleft lip, and ocular anomalies), polycystic kidney, and cardiac anormalies. Reported associated ophthalmic anomalies are microphthalmos, coloboma, and congenital cataract.We experienced a case of infantile esotropia in abnormal insertion and direction of lateral rectus muscle as a variant of the Dandy-Walker syndrome accompanied by cleft palate and cleft lip in a 19-month-old male infant. Subsequent treatment of the 30delta esodeviation and left inferior oblique muscle overaction, including resection of the lateral rectus muscle in both eyes and the myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle in the left eye, yielded satisfactory results, so we report this case, with a review of the pertinent literature, as the first case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with esotropia with abnormal course of lateral rectus muscle in Korea.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Coloboma ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome* ; Dilatation ; Esotropia* ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Korea ; Lip ; Male ; Microphthalmos ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore the process of accepting CATs among nurses who experienced CATs in Korea. METHODS: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from 10 nurses during individual in-depth interviews. Theoretical sampling was used until the data reached saturation. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. RESULTS: The core category emerged as "resolving the doubt and integrating" explaining the process of accepting CATs. The nurses engaged in three stages: need awareness, look for solution and integration. Causal conditions were interest as a nursing intervention and orthodox medical limitations. Context was lack of basis for application and increase in social interest. Strategies were new knowledge acquisition, having a strong will, combined with existing knowledge, and individualized intervention. Intervening conditions were others' eye, exhaustion for nurses and physical environment. Consequences were expanding of the nursing role and improved nurse satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of the study should facilitate application of CATs in nursing practice. To help nurses who are interested in CATs, there is a need for education programs, and further research on CATs.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Awareness ; *Complementary Therapies ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Middle Aged ; *Models, Theoretical ; Nurse's Role ; Nurses/*psychology ; Social Support

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clinical practice and simulation-based practice for obstetrical nursing in terms of self-efficacy, practice satisfaction, and practice stress. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group post test design was used. The participants were 171 junior nursing students, 103 in the experimental group, and 68 in the control group. Simulation-based practice consisted of nursing assessment during labor, nursing assessment and intervention for normal and high risk mother, nursing education for mother and family during labor, and open lab. The experimental group participated in simulation-based practice for two days and the control group participated in clinical practice at delivery room for two weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher level of self-efficacy (p=.043), practice satisfaction (p<.001) and practice stress (p=.003) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Simulation-based practice is an effective learning method for obstetrical nursing and can be used as the alternative for clinical practice. However, stress management strategies are needed for simulation-based practice.
Delivery Rooms ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Mothers ; Nursing Assessment ; Obstetrical Nursing ; Personal Satisfaction ; Pyridines ; Students, Nursing ; Thiazoles

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of furosemide on the serum concentration of sodium and osmolality after transurethral prostatic resection(TURP) using cytal solution, and to determine the adequate time of administration of frurosemide. At the end of prostatic resection, 15 patients were allocated randomly to receive furosemide (furosemide group) and were compared with 15 patients without administration of furosemide (control group). There was no difference in mean serum concentation of sodium between two groups. Serum osmolality in furosemide group was significantly increased as compared with control group one hour after operation. So cytal solution used during staged TURP and short operation within one hour do not affect serum corcentration of sodium and administration of furosemide is not associated with a change in serum concentration of sodium. But furosemide meaningfully increases the serum osmolality and it is more effective to administer it with administration at the end of prostatic reseetion.
Furosemide* ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Osmolar Concentration* ; Sodium* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: Paramedian approach is more useful than midline approach when degenerative changes are encountered in the interspinous structure and when ideal positioning of the patient can not be achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine the guideline of depth from skin to subarachnoid space by midline or paramedian approach in Korean adult. METHODS: The distance from skin to subarachnoid space was measured in 47 patients recieving spinal anesthesia by midline approach and 30 patients by paramedian approach at L3-4 level. RESULTS: The mean depth to subarachnoid space was 5.44+/-0.47 cm in midline approach. In paramedian approach by 18.0degrees of caudal and 18.5degrees of lateral angle, mean depth was 6.24+/-0.60 cm. There were significant correlation between depth and weight, and depth and ponderal index. In ages over 50 years old, difficult cases were significantly more in midline approach than in paramedian approach. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of factors as weight or ponderal index can be used to predict the depth. Paramedian approach is more useful than midline approach in ages over 50 years old.
Adult* ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Needles* ; Punctures* ; Skin ; Subarachnoid Space