BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that diabetic patients are under high oxidative stress and plasma MDA concentration is a reliable marker for oxidative stress. However, some studies showed that plasma MDA is not a good marker for oxidative stress. Reeently, the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAPc) has been proposed as a marker for the overall antioxidant property of plasma samples. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate whether MDA and TRAPc are reliable markers of the oxidative stress-antioxidant system or not. METHODS: The plasma samples from 67 type 2 diabetic patients and 31 normal subjects were collected. The plasma MDA, protein-bound SH groups, uric acid and vitamin C were determined by fluorophotometry or spectrophotometry. Plasma vitamin E concentration was analyzed by HPLC. Calculated TRAP (TRAPc) were determined by the proposed calculation methods. RESULTS: 1. Diabetic patients had significantly lower TRAPc, compared with normal subjects. 2. SH groups, uric acid, vitamin C and vitamin E were not different between the two groups. 3. MDA and MDA/TG were significantly higher in diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, TRAPc seems to be a reliable parameter of overall plasma antioxidant system and the plasma MDA may be used as a marker of oxidative stress, but further long-term logitudinal studies are needed.
Ascorbic Acid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fluorophotometry ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Spectrophotometry ; Uric Acid ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Benzalkonium Compounds* ; Dermatitis, Contact*

Cutaneous metastasis from the tumors of internal organs is rare, but often gives a clue to diagnosis. Metastasis to the abdominal skin including umbilicus has frequently originated from a tumor of the large bowel, ovary, stomach and pancreas. We report two cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma developed on the abdominal wall. One at the umbilicus clarified the origin as a pancreatic carcinoma, and the other at the sites of previous laparascopy and paracenthesis was originated from an ovarian cancer.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Wall ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Pancreas ; Skin* ; Stomach ; Umbilicus

No abstract available.
Antigens, Surface* ; Oncogenes*

PURPOSE: This methodological study was done to develop a telephone consultation algorithms and practice guidelines for patient discharged with ophthalmic diseases. METHODS: The ophthalmic problems of the patients were identified and expert knowledge on managing the problems was acquired. Algorithms and practice guidelines were developed based on the expert knowledge. The content validity of algorithms and practice guidelines was evaluated by the experts. RESULTS: The preliminary algorithms and practice guidelines were developed from 60 detailed signs and symptoms and 45 nursing interventions. The experts agreed that 57 detailed signs and symptoms linked with nursing interventions were valid, with the content validity index over 80%. Meeting with nurse experts and ophthalmologists was convened to review the rest of the 3 detailed signs and symptoms linked with nursing interventions. Finally, 60 detailed signs and symptoms and 46 nursing interventions were confirmed. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the algorithms and practice guidelines are effective decision-making tools and utilization of these algorithms and practice guidelines is expected to improve the quality of clinical nursing and patient satisfaction.
Humans ; Methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Patient Satisfaction ; Telenursing ; Telephone

"The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data of nutrition education for obese children in Seoul and to examine dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and body image recognition before and after nutrition education. A convenience sample of 69(male : 54, female : 15) obese children was selected from "98 Children Nutrition Camp" in Seoul. The survey design employed a structured questionnaires. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight were measured in 69 obese subjects of age 10~12. 2. Effects of nutrition knowledge were gained by dietary habits, dietary behaviors and body image recognition. 3. Comparison of nutrition knowledge scores for obese children was to obtain basic data of effects for nutrition education. "
Body Image* ; Child* ; Education* ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul*

No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Hepatitis C, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Interferons ; Ribavirin*

No abstract available.
Humans

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of furosemide on the serum concentration of sodium and osmolality after transurethral prostatic resection(TURP) using cytal solution, and to determine the adequate time of administration of frurosemide. At the end of prostatic resection, 15 patients were allocated randomly to receive furosemide (furosemide group) and were compared with 15 patients without administration of furosemide (control group). There was no difference in mean serum concentation of sodium between two groups. Serum osmolality in furosemide group was significantly increased as compared with control group one hour after operation. So cytal solution used during staged TURP and short operation within one hour do not affect serum corcentration of sodium and administration of furosemide is not associated with a change in serum concentration of sodium. But furosemide meaningfully increases the serum osmolality and it is more effective to administer it with administration at the end of prostatic reseetion.
Furosemide* ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Osmolar Concentration* ; Sodium* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to survey the current status of mental health education and need for mental health education enhancing protective factors in the elementary schools. METHODS: We surveyed 10 school health teachers and 328 fifth- and sixth-grade students using 19- and 20-item questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS: All of the teachers and 65.2% of the students replied that they were either teaching or being taught mental health in school. Topics covered suicide, depression, school violence, and Internet addiction. All of the teachers and 84.1% of the students expressed the need for mental health education enhancing protective factors in school. Both groups replied that two sessions are enough. The teachers preferred role play and discussion as teaching methods, and audiovisual materials and computer as instructional media. The students preferred lecture and role play as teaching methods, and audiovisual materials and smartphone as instructional media. Both groups ranked self-esteem, parent-child relationship, peer relationship, and emotional regulation as the most important topics to be covered in the education. CONCLUSION: There is a high demand for mental health education enhancing protective factors. Therefore, it is recommended to develop educational programs enhancing protective factors by enabling formal and informal learning using smartphone.
Depression ; Education* ; Health Education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mental Health* ; Needs Assessment ; Parent-Child Relations ; School Health Services ; School Nursing ; Suicide ; Teaching ; Violence ; Smartphone