This study attempts to assess the effect of the 1st class health insurance program to the income redistribution among the participants in a unit health insurance cooperative. One health insurance cooperative, located in Seoul, with 1558 members and 768 households was selected for this purpose. The relationships between amount of premium payed and benefits from the cooperative were compared. Necessary data were obtained from the bills submitted to the health insurance cooperative by the contracted medical institutions from 1st January 1977 to 30th June 1979. Households and individuals were the unit of the assessment. The indicators measuring income redistribution effect were the ratios between the benefit and expected benefit and the ratios between the mean benefit. The major finds were : 1. The ratios between the benefits and the expected benefits were lower than 1 in the high income group and greater than 1 in the middle and lower income group. This fact imply that the income redistribution effect was shown in the studied group. It was shown that the middle income group received the greatest benefit, and then the lower income group. 2. The ratios between the benefit and the mean benefit of the households in the higher standard income grade, were found to be higher. This means that the equity of the benefits of households were not achieved by the policy of the health insurance plan. 3. The health insurance utilization rates of the higher standard income group, measured by the household unit, were higher, and by the individual unit, the same rates of the middle income group were higher than other groups.
Family Characteristics ; Insurance, Health* ; Seoul

Most cerebrovascular diseases (CVA) are manifest by the abrupt onset of a focal neurologic deficit. The deficit may remain fixed or may rapidly improve or progressively worsen. Therefore, the main objective of treatment in cerebrovascular disease is the prevention of stroke. The current treatment of CVA may be divided into three parts : (1) management in the acute phase (restoration of the circulation and arrest of the pathologic process), (2) physical therapy and rehabilitation, and (3) prevention of the further recurrent strokes. When faced with an acute stroke, the clinician must differentiate between infarction and hemorrhage immediately, because the method of emergency treatment depends on the cause. The clinician should try to prevent or reverse acute brain injury with thrombolysis, and to inhibit the progression of cerebral infarction with anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents, and to prevent further neurologic injury with neuroprotection and attending to acute medical issues of airway, blood pressure, and concomitant organ failure. In addition, the clinician should remove or control the risk factors of stroke and must elaborate a proper strategy in order to prevent the secondary stroke.
Blood Pressure ; Brain Injuries ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Emergency Treatment ; Hemorrhage ; Infarction ; Methods ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Neuroprotection ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Dysmenorrhea* ; Female

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Clavicle*

Stomach cancer is one of the major causes of cancer deaths in Korea. It has been well known, like other solid tumors, that cancer stage at diagnosis is the most important prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Previous studies from Japan have revealed that screen-detected gastric cancers showed an earlier stage distribution and had a lower mortality rate than symptom-diagnosed cases. Considering the high provalence and substantial mortality from gastric cancer in Korea, it seems necessary to establish a well organized nationwide screening program. In this regard, consensus meeting was held in January, 2002 in conjunction with The Koean Gastric Cancer Association and National Cancer Center in Korea. In this meeting, specialists from gastroenterology, surgery and radiology drew a conclusion as follows : biannual screening for people aged 40 years and over either by endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal series. During the screening endoscopy, biopsy can be performed if necessary, and specimens should be examined by pathologist. Screening test should be performed in authorized hospital or mobile unit by qualified doctors.
Biopsy ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Gastroenterology ; Japan ; Korea* ; Mass Screening* ; Mortality ; Specialization ; Stomach Neoplasms*

The role of hand in human body can never be overemphasized. There is increasing tendancy in the incidence of hand injuries according to the development of mechanics and traffics. The study on hand injuries in farming and fishing villages, however, has not attracted much attention. Clinical survey and study on hand injuries around Chinju city were performed with the help of local orthopedic surgeons and the following results could be obtained. 1. The third decade occupied 40.5% which was the most common age among total 121 cases. Injured males outnumbered females predominantly by 90.1% vs 9.9%. 2. The hand injuries happened most commonly in April, May, September and October which are busy seasons for farmers. 3. The hand injury was most commonly attributed to machine injury. 4. 53.7% and 13.3% of total patients were brought to the hospitals within six hours and after one day respectively. 5. The initial morbid status examined at hospital showed soft tissue crushing and open fracture in 31.4% and amputation in 29.7%. 6. 30.6% of total 209 injured sites were index finger, which was the most vulnerable to every different type of injury. Single digit injury was the most common. 7. The index finger was also most vulnerable to amputation(27.8% out of 54 amputation cases) and the more distal part was more vulnerable to amputation. 8. The method of treatment was affected in part by the social and econimic status of the patients. The most common method was amputstion and primary closure(21.0%). 9. In order to prevent hand injuries in farming and fishing villages, preventive policy should be established by improvement of working environments, machines and education of their proper usage.
Agriculture ; Amputation ; Clinical Study ; Education ; Farmers ; Female ; Fingers ; Fractures, Open ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hand Injuries ; Hand ; Human Body ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mechanics ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Seasons ; Surgeons

Glomus tumor has long been well known as a small and exceedingly painful lesion, which commonly occurs beneath the nails of the hands and feet. Its diagnostic characteristics are pain, tenderness and cold sensitivity. The tumor results from hypertrophy of a glomus, which is a normal structure of the skin, a coiled arteriovenous shunt whose function is to help regulate body temperature. About half of all glomus tumors produces bony lesion on radiographs and most of those lesions are cortical erosion by the nearby soft tissue tumor. Very rarely the tumor appears to have originated within the bone. It is difficult to decide the exact origin of a glomus tumor affecting bone. It is, however, important to point out that a glomus tumor can present as an intraosseous lesion from the radiological point of view as shown in this case.
Body Temperature ; Foot ; Glomus Tumor ; Hand ; Hypertrophy ; Skin

No abstract available.
Rectal Neoplasms*

Neurilemmoma is usually a solitary nerve sheath tumor, most often seen in adults. Tl: neurilemmomas of the oral cavity have been reported to develop on the tongue, buccal m7; Cosa, palate, gingiva, floor of the mouth, and lower lip, in order of frequency. We describe 7-year-old boy witlf an asymptomatic, solitary neurilemmoma on his upper lip with a brit: review of the literature. Neurilemmoma should be considered as one of the tumors that ca develop on children's lips.
Adult ; Child ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Lip* ; Male ; Mouth ; Neurilemmoma* ; Palate ; Tongue