The oncogenes, which have been detected in various human solid tumors, transform culture cells, and the level of m-RNA specific for an oncogene increases in the cellular extract of the tumor cells. These findings suggested that oncogene expression was closely related with carcinogenesis. Recently, oncogen products were considered as tumor markers, but it was not confirmed that the relationship between quantitative change of oncogene product and malignant potential of a neoplasm. To evaluate the relationship between the quantitative change of oncogene product and malignant potential, immunohistochemical staining for the ras and myc oncogene products was performed in the sections of papilloma and transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. 1) Positive reaction of c-ras oncogene product was noted along the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, and c-myc oncogene product in the nucleus, and along the unclear membrane and cell membrane. 2) Tissue expression of c-ras oncogene was homogeneous and strong in the transitional cell carcinoma rather than in papilloma. 3) The ratio of the positive cells with c-ras oncogene product was 35.1% in the papilloma, 79.4% in the grade I, 81.9% in the grade II, 87.6%, in the grade III of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. There was a tendency for the ratio to increase with the degree of histological grading. 4) By the immunoperoxidase staining of c-myc oncogene product, the number of the cells showing positive nuclear staining incrased with the tumor grading.
Humans ; Tumor Markers, Biological ; Carcinogens

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast*

To evaluate the detection of HPV DNA according to subtype of lesions of uterine cervix and its clinical applicability, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry for HPV were performed in 189 cases of uterine cervical lesion, including 23 cases of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), 115 cases of high grade SIL and 51 cases of invasive carcinoma. Positive immunostaining, brown precipitate, was mainly noted in the nucleus of koilocytes in the superficial and intermediate layer. Positivity of immunostaining was 21.7% in low grade SIL, 13.0% in high grade SIL and 9.8% in invasive carcinoma. Positive reaction in ISH, red precipitate, was noted in the nucleus of not only koilocytes but also non-koilocytes in the superficial and intermediate layer, and dot precipitate was rarely identified in the nest of squamous cell carcinoma. Based on HPV subtype, 6/11 was 21.7% in low grade SIL, 16/18 was 32.2% and 39.2% in high grade SIL and invasive carcinoma, respectively. With regard to their associated HPV types, low grade SILs were heterogeneous and high grade SILs and invasive carcinomas were related with the high oncogenic risk group only. The correlation of HPV subtypes with panHPV was 91.3% in low grade SIL, 91.3% in high grade SIL and 98.0% in invasive carcinoma. These results suggest that detection of HPV infection by ISH may be a more useful method than immunohistochemistry and application of the HPV subtype probe with the panHPV probe could improve the sensitivity of ISH.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA ; Female ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization*

Congenital malignant melanocytic schwannoma in ankle joint was not reported on literature and it was a very interesting case. Light microscopically, melaninladen cells were mixed in abundant wavy spindle cells, some mitotic cells were also observed. Ultrastructurally, melanosomes in variable stages of development were scattered in the cytoplasm which had basal lamina. Collagen bundles were abundant in the intercellular connective tissue. It was histologically malignant tumor and clinically recurred. But in non-congenital potentially malignant melanocytic schwannoma which had been reported, reccurrence or distant metastasis were not noted. So, further clinical survey may be necessary for evaluation of the malignant behavior of this neoplasm.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Mass Screening* ; Postpartum Period* ; Thyroid Gland*

A 24-year-old patient who had a history of right-side orchidopexy 16 years ago presented with right testicular pain. A hypoechoic mass was seen on the ultrasonography. Inguinal orchiectomy of the right testis was performed. On microscopic examination, the specimen was identical as an embryonal carcinoma.

A 24-year-old patient who had a history of right-side orchidopexy 16 years ago presented with right testicular pain. A hypoechoic mass was seen on the ultrasonography. Inguinal orchiectomy of the right testis was performed. On microscopic examination, the specimen was identical as an embryonal carcinoma.

No abstract available.
Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures* ; Laparotomy*

PURPOSE: Visual internal urethrotomy is a standard therapy for incomplete urethral stricture, and may also be a reasonable initial treatment for a short complete urethral stricture. The success rate and final results of the repeated internal urethrotomy were retrospectively assessed to figure out the appropriate indication for visual internal urethrotomy as an initial treatment for incomplete pendulous and bulbous urethral stricture; according to the stricture free month. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1999, an internal urethrotomy was primarily performed on 166 patients with urethral strictures. The exclusion criteria were complete urethral and posterior urethral stricture. Retrograde urethrography was performed under fluoroscopic control. When the stricture recurred, the urethrotomy was repeated as the primary procedure. RESULTS: With regard to the time to recurrence, the success rate of the group of stricture recurrence at 6 months was significantly lower than that of the stricture free group at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: With regard to the stricture site and length, the stricture free month might be considered as an important predictor of the outcome of a repeated internal urethrotomy, and visual internal urethrotomy might be considered as an initial treatment method for incomplete urethral stricture under the following conditions; a bulbous stricture, a stricture length under 20mm, and stricture free at 6 months.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethral Stricture*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of the selective alpha1a and alpha1d antagonist (tamsulosin 0.2 mg) once daily in the treatment of patient with lower urinary tract symptom(LUTS), especially irritative symptom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 170 men with LUTS were treated for 12 weeks with tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day. The primary efficacy parameters are improvements in total, irritative and obstructive International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSS), quality of life index(QOL index) and peak urinary flow rate(Qmax). Secondary efficacy parameters include percentage of patients with improvement in total, irritative and obstructive IPSS of at least 25%, Qmax of at least 30% and 3 ml/s increase in Qmax. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements in all efficacy parameters were observed. Tamsulosin produced improvements in Qmax(21.7%), decrease in total, irritative, obstructive symptom score(25%, 19.1%, 29.2%) and QOL index(0.7 points). Seventy two patients(42.4%) had a > or =25% decrease in total symptom score, 71 patients (41.8%) in irritative and 90 patients(52.9%) in obstructive symptom score after 12 weeks(P<0.05). Sixty patients (35.3%) had a > or =30% increase and 67 patients(39.4%) had > or =3 ml/s increase in Qmax. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed beneficial short term results for the efficacy of selective alpha(1a) and alpha(1d) blocker (tamsulosin) in treating patients with LUTS, especially irritative symptom.
Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Tract*