PURPOSE: Recent studies show that chorioamnionitis has an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) and it induces thymic involution. The purpose of this study is to test the usefulness of thymic size at birth as a predictor of BPD. METHODS: This study was conducted on 91 very low birth weight infants of <1, 500 g with mean gestational age of 29.3 weeks and mean birth weight of 1, 161 g who were admitted at NICU of Dong Kang General Hospital for past 4 years of whom 21 infants had BPD. Thymic size was measured on routine chest radiographs taken in the first 3 hours after birth and measured as the ratio between the width of the cardiothymic shadow at the level of the carina and that of the thorax at the costophrenic angles (CT/ T). RESULTS: Correlation of thymic size with gestational age was statistically significant (P=0.003). CT/T of BPD group was smaller than that of non-BPD group (0.27+/-0.06, 0.33+/-0.07, respectively, P<0.01). A significant positive correlation between small thymus at birth and BPD was detected (P=0.003, odds ratio, 21.7), but not in other disease groups. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a small thymus at birth on the chest radiograph could be used as an early predictive parameter of the BPD.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Chorioamnionitis ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Odds Ratio ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thorax ; Thymus Gland

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of Tetracycline-HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implants with thermal dual acid etched surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml Tetracycline-HCl solution and sterilized saline for 0.5min, 1min, 1.5min, 2min, 2.5min and 3min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation and measured surface roughness by optical interferometer. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The thermal dual acid etched surfaces showed many small peaks and valleys distributed overall surface. 2. The surface conditioning with Tetracycline-HCl and saline didn't influence on its micromorphology. In conclusion, the implant with thermal dual acid etched surface has a protective micromorphology from the detoxification with 50mg/ml Tetracycline-HCl and a scrubbing with cotton pellet. Therefore, the detoxification with 50mg/ml Tetracycline-HCl is an effective method for peri-implantitis in case implants with thermal dual acid etched surface.
Peri-Implantitis

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether pH and time has any influence on the degradation behavior of composite restoration by analyzing the leached monomers of dental composites qualitatively and quantitatively after storage in acetate buffer solution as a function of time using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) / mass spectrometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three commercial composite restorative resin materials (Z-250, Heliomolar and Aeliteflo) with different matrix structure and filler composition were studied. Thirty specimens (7mm diameterx2mm thick) of each material were prepared. The cured materials were stored in acetate buffer solution at different pH (4, 7) for 1, 7 and 45days. As a reference, samples of unpolymerized composite materials of each product were treated with methanol (10 mg/ml). Identification of the various compounds was achieved by comparison of their mass spectra with those of reference compound, with literature data, and by their fragmentation patterns. Data were analysed statistically using ANOVA and Duncan's test. RESULTS: 1. Amounts of leached TEGDMA in Aeliteflo were significantly larger than those of UDMA in Z-250 and Heliomolar at experimental conditions of different storage time and pH variation (p < 0.001). 2. As to comparison of the amounts of leached monomers per sorage time, amounts of leached TEGDMA in Aeliteflo and UDMA in Z-250 and Heliomolar were increased in the pH 4 solution more significantly than in the pH 7 solution after 1day, 7days and 45days, respectively (p < 0.001). 3. In total amounts of all the leached monomers with storage times, the overall amounts of pH 4 extracts were larger than those of pH 7 extracts for all resin groups, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05).
Chromatography, Liquid ; Composite Resins* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Methanol ; Polymers*

Ten eels (Anguilla japonica) from a fish farm in Korea were examined and diagnosed with a Heterosporis infection. The gross lesions on the trunk were uneven and the concave parts were pasty. Histopathologically, lyses of the trunk muscles, degenerative muscle fibers and the scattered spores were observed. The sporophorocyst (SPC) contained several spores with a variety of shapes. Some SPC were disrupted and the spores in the SPC were scattered in the muscle tissues. Macrophages existed near the scattered spores. Electron microscopy revealed special structures such as sporophorocyst containing various developmental parasitic stages such as meronts, sporonts, sporophorous vesicles and spores.
*Anguilla ; Animals ; Aquaculture ; Fish Diseases/*parasitology/pathology ; Histocytochemistry/veterinary ; Korea ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission/veterinary ; Microsporidia/*growth & development/ultrastructure ; Microsporidiosis/parasitology/pathology/*veterinary ; Muscular Diseases/parasitology/pathology/*veterinary

Although brain metastasis of renal cell carcinoma is a major cause of death in Von Hippel-Lindau disease(VHL), it is not easy to distinguish local recurrence of hemangioblastoma from distant metastasis. In addition, heman-gioblastoma has several characteristics suitable for recipient of "tumor-to-tumor metastasis". Authors report a case of Von Hippel-Lindau disease that had metastases of renal cell carcinomas.
Brain* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cause of Death ; Hemangioblastoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Recurrence ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of implant supported fixed-hybrid prostheses (FHP) in the fully edentulous arches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients in this retrospective study were restored with fixed-hybrid prostheses supported by 4 to 6 implants and functioned more than 1 year of loading. Outcome measures were marginal bone change of implant related with sex, anatomical location (maxilla vs. mandible), opposing teeth, loading time of patients, tilting of posterior implant by Mann-Whitney U test and cantilever length of superstructure by regression analysis, and complication rates. Significance level was set P<.05. RESULTS: A total number of 84 implants (16 restorations) placed in 16 patients were observed for 28 months and mean marginal bone loss was 0.53 +/- 0.39 mm. There were no differences of marginal bone loss according to sex, anatomical location (maxilla vs. mandible), opposing teeth, loading time of patients (P>.05), and cantilever length was not significantly related with a marginal bone loss of implant next to cantilever (P>.05). Complication was shown in 11 patients and veneer fracture and dislodging of artificial teeth were most prevalent. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, although marginal bone loss of FHP was very little, complication rates were high. Irrespective of tilting of most posterior implants, marginal bone loss of most posterior implants next to cantilever was less than those of the other implants positioned anteriorly. Cantilever length (<17 mm) did not affect a marginal bone loss of most posterior implants.
Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth ; Tooth, Artificial

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between the progression of a kyphotic deformity and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in conservatively treated osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study categorized the patients who underwent conservative treatment among those patients who underwent treatment under the suspicion of a thoracolumbar compression fracture from January 2007 to March 2016. Among them, this retrospective study included eighty-nine patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia with a bone density of less than −2.0 and single vertebral body fracture. This study examined the MRI of anterior longitudinal ligament or posterior longitudinal ligament injury, superior or inferior endplate disruption, superior of inferior intravertebral disc injury, the presence of low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and bone edema of intravertebral bodies in fractured intravertebral bodies. RESULTS: In cases where the superior endplate was disrupted or the level of bone edema of the intravertebral bodies was high, the kyphotic angle, wedge angle, and anterior vertebral compression showed remarkably progression. In the case of damage to the anterior longitudinal ligament or the superior disc, only the kyphotic angle was markedly prominent. On the T2-weighted images, low signal intensity lesions showed a high wedge angle and high anterior vertebral compression. On the other hand, there were no significant correlations among the posterior longitudinal ligament injury, inferior endplate disruption, inferior disc injury, and the progression of kyphotic deformity and vertebral compression. The risk factors that increase the kyphotic angle by more than 5° include the presence of injuries to the anterior longitudinal ligament, superior endplate disruption, and superior disc injury, and the risk factors were 21.3, 5.1, and 8.5 times higher than those of the uninjured case, and the risk differed according to the level of bone edema. CONCLUSION: An osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture in osteoporotic or osteopenic patients, anterior longitudinal ligament injury, superior endplate and intravertebral disc injury, and high level of edema in the MRI were critical factors that increases the risk of kyphotic deformity.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Edema ; Fractures, Compression ; Hand ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Fractures

The present study was performed to evaluate the surface roughness and effect of Tetracycline-HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. TiO2 surface Implant was utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml Tetracycline-HCl solution for 0.5min, 1min, 1.5min, 2min, 2.5min and 3min respectively in the Tetracycline-HCl group. Then, specimens were measured surface roughness and processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follows. 1. TiO2 blast implant surface showed increased surface roughness 1.5 minute after treatment with Tetracycline-HCl. But, there were not significant differences in saline group after treatment. 2. Tetracycline-HCl group showed changed surface micro-morphology in SEM after 1.5 minute. There were not significant differences in saline group after treatment. 3. Between Tetracycline-HCl group and saline group, there were difference in surface roughness change and SEM micro-morphology. Tetracycline-HCl have influence on TiO2 blast implant surface. In conclusion, the detoxification with 50mg/ml Tetracycline-HCl must be applied respectively with different time according to various implant surfaces.

Background: Although many studies have been conducted on the association between the intercondylar notch size and the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, few studies have examined its relationship with the condition after surgical treatment.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the surgical outcomes of anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction according to intercondylar notch volumes. Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction using a tibialis anterior allograft between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. For each sex, eligible patients were classified into two groups based on their percentile of intercondylar notch volumes, which were measured using postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography images (group S, ≤ 50th percentile of included patients; group L, > 50th percentile of included patients). Additional grouping was performed based on the group’s percentiles of normalized values of intercondylar notch volumes to body heights.Between-group comparative analyses were performed on the perioperative data and surgical outcomes in both objective and subjective aspects. Results: One hundred patients were included in the study. For male patients, there were no differences in the overall surgical outcomes between groups, whereas group L showed a significantly greater knee anteroposterior (AP) laxity than group S at the final follow-up (p = 0.042 for the side-to-side differences [SSD] at the maximum manual force). Similarly, there were no differences in the female patients in the overall surgical results between the groups, whereas group L showed a significantly greater knee AP laxity at the final follow-up (p = 0.020 for the SSD at 134 N; p = 0.011 for the SSD at the maximum manual force). Additional analyses based on the normalized values of the intercondylar notch volume showed consistent results for male patients, and additional grouping for female patients was identical to the existing grouping. Conclusions The surgical outcomes of anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction in patients with relatively small intercondylar notch volumes were comparable to those with large notch volumes, but rather showed favorable outcomes in postoperative knee AP laxity.

PURPOSE: To examine whether a synthetic bile acid derivatives (HS-1200) sensitizes the radiation-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and to investigate the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND MEHTODS: Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in exponential growth phase were treated with HS-1200 for 24 hours at 37degrees C with 5% CO2 in air atmosphere. After removal of HS-1200, cells were irradiated with 2~8 Gy X-ray, and then cultured in drug-free media for 24-96 hours. The effect of radiation on the clonogenicity of MCF-7 cells was determined with clonogenic cell survival assay with 16muM of HS-1200. The induction of apoptosis was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and Hoechst staining. The expression level of apoptosis-related molecules, such as PARP, Bax, Bcl-2, Bak and AIF, were assayed by Western blotting analysis with 40muM of HS-1200 combined with 8 Gy irradiation. To examine the cellular location of cytochrome c, bax and AIF immunofluorescent stainings were undertaken RESULTS: Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 40muM of HS-1200 combined with 8 Gy irradiation showed several changes associated with enhanced apoptosis by agarose gel electrophoresis and Hoechst staining. HS-1200 combined with 8 Gy irradiation treatment also enhanced production of PARP cleavage products and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by Western blotting. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) and increased cytochrome c staining indicated that cytochrome c had been released from the mitochondria in HS-1200 treated cells. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that combination treatment with a synthetic chenodeoxycholic acid derivative HS-1200 and irradiation enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). We suggest that the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in HS-1200 co-treatment group underlies the increased radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells. Further futures studies are remained elusive.
Apoptosis* ; Atmosphere ; Bile ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Survival ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid ; Cytochromes c ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Humans* ; MCF-7 Cells ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria ; Radiation Tolerance