No abstract available.
Tibia*

Several cases of pulmonary air embolisms during surgery have been reported. However, such incidences are very rare during endoscopic surgeries. A 5-year-old boy with third ventricular arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy under the general anesthesia, during which continuous intraventricular irrigation was maintained with normal saline. During the procedure, arterial and transcutaneous oxygen tension and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension became suddenly decreased while arterial carbon dioxide tension increased. Within 3 minutes after the inspired gas mixture was changed to 100% oxygen, the patient's respiratory variables returned to near base line. The second attack occured about 10 minutes later and decreased arterial oxygen tension with increased arterial carbon dioxide tension continued for about 5 minutes. After waking up from anesthesia, the patient suffered a generalized seizure attacks that was managed with anticonvusant therapy. We believe that we are the first to report an attack of pulmonary air emblism during brain endoscopic procedure. It was reported with the review of literatures.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arachnoid ; Brain ; Carbon Dioxide ; Child, Preschool ; Embolism, Air* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Male ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Seizures ; Ventriculostomy*

Perioperative hypothermia can occur rather frequently with in varying degree and lead to the various complications. Because infants, small children, elderly patient, cachetic patient and multiple trauma patients are prone to develop hypothermia during the operation and anesthesia. An anesthesiologist should be aware of deveolpment of hypothermia and take appropriate measures to prevent it. Authors experienced a case of hypothermia with body temperature dropped 32.4degrees C during the reconstruction of retrognathism and temporo-mandibular joint release in 6-year-old female child. Appropriate measures were taken for hypothermia, and the patient was discharged without any complication.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Body Temperature ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Infant ; Joints ; Multiple Trauma ; Retrognathia

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The current trend in prosthodontics is the adoption of a conservative approach to preparing dental prostheses by minimizing the amount of sound tooth structure removal during preparation. PURPOSE: The major disadvantage of the adhesion bridge is the inherently poor resistance to dislodgement that its use in areas subjected to high occlusal load is limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the dislodgement resistance of Bio-pin(R), conventional 3-unit and adhesion bridges. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental groups were classified as follows: .Group I : 3-unit bridge cemented using Super-Bond. C&B .Group II : Adhesion bridge cemented using Super-Bond. C&B .Group III : Bio-pin(R) design adhesion bridge without incorporation of Bio-pin(R) (cemented using Super-Bond. C&B) .Group IV-1: Bio-pin(R) retained adhesion bridge incorporating a single Bio-pin(R) (cemented using Super-Bond. C&B) .Group IV-2: Bio-pin(R) retained adhesion bridge incorporating a single Bio-pin(R) (cemented using Panavia. F) .Group V : Bio-pin(R) retained adhesion bridge incorporating two Bio-pins. (cemented using Super-Bond. C&B) RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: 1. Significant differences in dislodgement resistance of the restorations were found between Group I, Group II and Group III (p<0.05). No significant differences in dislodgement resistance of the restorations were observed between Group I, GroupIV-1 and GroupV. However, there were significant differences in dislodgement resistance between GroupII and the other groups (p<0.05). 2. No significant differences in dislodgement resistance of the restorations were observed between GroupIV-1 and GroupIV-2, both of which utilized a single Bio-pin(R). However, significant differences were observed when GroupIII was compared to either GroupIV-1 or GroupV (p<0.05). 3. No significant differences in dislodgement resistance relative to the type of dental cements used were found. CONCLUSION: From the above results, it is concluded that the dislodgement resistance of Biopin. bridge restorations utilizing a single Bio-pin(R) is similar to that of a conventional 3-unit bridge. The results also suggest that Bio-pin(R) bridge restorations using a single Bio-pin(R) are a viable alternative to the conventional 3-unit bridge when minimal removal of sound tooth structure and fulfillment of both function and esthetic aspects are considered.
Dental Cements ; Dental Prosthesis ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Prosthodontics ; Tooth

Two cases of glioblastoma multiforme in children are reported. In one case, 2-year and 11 month-old female with the complaints of vomiting and the left hemiparesis for one month, the huge supra-Sylvian cystic tumor was associated with arteriovenous malformation originating from tumor and draining into the superior sagittal sinus. In the other case, 14-year-old male presenting seizure for 6 months, headache and the right hemiparesis for one month, the cystic frontal soft tumor infiltrated to the wall of the lateral ventricle. Wide internal decompression was performed as possible and pathologic reports were proved glioblastoma multiforme.
Adolescent ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Child* ; Decompression ; Female ; Glioblastoma* ; Headache ; Humans ; Infant ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Paresis ; Seizures ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients*

The anesthesia for cesarean section is concerned not only with the fetus but also with mother. The physiological changes of the patient are manifold and drugs which are used during cesarean section may have effects on the fetus. The rate of cesarean section has increased during recent years due to frequent fetal monitoring, medical insurance and the threat of malpractice suits. A total of 1225 cesarean sections were performed under general anesthesia during the year period from 1983 to 1987. The following are the clinical observations: 1) The cesarean section rate was 19.03% and this has been increasing during recent year. 2) The delivery time from induction was less than 15 min in 80.5% of cases. 3) Apgar scores were: more than 7 in 1 minute: 92% more than 7 in 5 minutes: 95.8%. 4) The infant resuscitation rate was 4.57% and more than 7 of the Apgar scores were noted after resuscitation. 5) The mean hemoglobin was 10gm% and the blood transfusion rate was 7.92%.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Transfusion ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Monitoring ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant ; Insurance ; Malpractice ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Resuscitation

No abstract available.
Adenylyl Cyclases* ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the differences of gender and detail items by using landing error scores during drop vertical jumping that can be used in the field for elite fencers and to use them as basic data for prevention of injury. METHODS: The subjects were 42 elite fencers. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the landing error scoring system (LESS) score between the groups. In order to compensate for errors that may occur in multiple comparisons, they are corrected through the Bonferroni collection. The significant differences between the groups were evaluated using Cohen effect difference, and one-way analysis of variance was performed for differences in epee, fleuret, and sabre. RESULTS: The comparison of landing error scores between male and female fencer groups showed that the knee valgus angle at initial contact, lateral trunk flexion angle at initial contact, stance width-narrow, foot position-toe out, symmetric initial foot contact, in the total score of LESS items, female fencer group was higher and statistically significant difference was found. CONCLUSION: In the case of fencing players, there is no significant difference in the LESS scores according to the items. However, when comparing gender, female fencers have higher LESS scores than male fencers; female fencers should be more careful in preventing injuries.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Risk Factors*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effectiveness of fine needle aspiration (FNA) conducted by the otolaryngologists, we compared the ultrasound (US)-guided FNA results conducted by a radiologist (RD-US), the US-guided FNA results (ENT-US), and the palpation guided FNA results (ENT-palpation) conducted by an otolaryngologist. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 1646 patients who underwent FNA were classified according to the site and periods of investigation (2007-2015), and their sampling adequacy was retrospectively reviewed. They were also divided into three groups (ENT-US, ENT-palpation, and RD-US); each group was then investigated for sampling adequacy. Results of further surgical excisional biopsy were compared with the those of the FNA results to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of all three groups. RESULTS: The sampling adequacy identified by the groups showed the result of ENT-US at 87.9%, ENT-palpation at 87.1% and RD-US at 91.3%. The periodical inadequacy rate failed to show any significant differences between the groups. The sensitivity of ENT-palpation was lower than other two groups. Diagnostic accuracy identified by the groups showed the result of ENT-US at 95.2%, ENT-palpation at 93.6%, and RD-US at 97.4%. CONCLUSION: FNA performed by otolaryngologists demonstrates the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment, and that doing so would improve economic efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended that well-trained otolaryngologists conduct FNA actively.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Methods ; Palpation ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography