OBJECTIVE: To determine clitoral size of Korean newborn and androgen hormone levels in clitomegalic newborn. METHODS: The clitoral sizes of 236 Korean female newborn and mother were measured from January in 2000 to March in 2001. Androgen hormone levels were obtained in 11 infants with clitomegaly in order to evaluate the relationship between clitoral hypertrophy and androgen levels. RESULTS: The mean clitoral size of the 236 newborn was 3.82+/-1.47 mm in length and 2.95+/-1.79 mm in width. The mean clitoral size of the 236 postpartum women was 15.8+/-1.03 mm in length and 3.27+/-1.12 mm in width. In the premature infants the clitoral length and width were 4.45+/-1.79 mm and 3.53+/-1.51 mm respectively. In the normal birth weight infants they were 3.70+/-0.75 mm and 2.02+/-0.84 mm respectively. In clitomegalic infants the clitoral size was 5.8+/-0.7 mm in length and 3.7+/-0.4 mm in width. The serum testosterone level was 1.620+/-0.015 nmol/L and dihydrotestoteronesulfate (DHEAS) level 8.44+/-0.01 nmol/L. CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between gestational age and clitoral size, but significant negative correlation was found between birth weight and clitoral size. In 11 clito-magalic infants serum androgen was normal level. Also, there was no different clitoral size between clitomagalic infant mothers and normal infant mothers. These RESULTS: suggest that there would be no significant correlation between infantile clitomegaly and androgen level.
Birth Weight ; Female* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypertrophy* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Mothers ; Postpartum Period ; Testosterone

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Artery*

The authors investigated the morphometric analysis of substance P(SP)- and somatostatin(SOM)- containing nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia. For this purpose, immunohistochemical method was used to determine the number, size and the morphological characteristics of SP- and SOM-reactive cells in L5 dorsal root ganglia of rats. In addition, changes in type A, type B, SP- and SOM-containing nerve cells in ganglia after sciatic nerve transection were also determined. The results were as follows : 1) SP- and SPOM-reactive nerve cells belong to the population of type B cell, but N/C ratios of immunoreactive cells were higher than others ; 2) in normal group, SP- and SOM-reactive nerve cells were 12.5 and 3.2% of total nerve cells in ganglia, respectively ; 3) the case of coexistence of SP and SOM in one cell was not found ; 4) and there was a marked reduction in the number of SP- and SOM-reactive cells at 2 weeks after nerve injuries. And SP-reactive nerve cells were increased in number at 6 weeks after operation, but SOM-reactive cells were not. According to these results, SP- and SOM-reactive nerve cells belong to type B cells, but do not coexist in one cell. These nerve cells were decreased in number after nerve transection. SP-reactive nerve cells were recovered at 6 weeks after operation but recovery of SOM-reactive cell was not found.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Ganglia ; Ganglia, Spinal* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Somatostatin* ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Substance P*

Spontaneous rupture of subcapsular liver hematoma in pregnancy is rare but potential life threatening complication of preeclampsia. We experienced a case of spontaneous rupture of subcapsular hematoma of liver that was treated with conservative method. So, we present the case with a brief review of literatures as first report in Korea.
Hematoma* ; Korea ; Liver* ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy* ; Rupture, Spontaneous

In this study, the origin of anatomical terms, the process by which international anatomical terms were made, and the making principles of international anatomical terminology were confirmed. We also describe the process in which the Japanese anatomy terminology (Termonologia Anatomica Japonica), which has been influential in Korea, has developed. Most of the past Korean anatomical terminology used the Japanese term. However, the Korean association of anatomists gradually recognized the necessity of own terminology and decided to refine the terms by forming a terminology committee. The terminology committee first laid down the direction for refining terms and made the basic principles of revising them. Through many meetings, the terms were refined and made into terminology book (Korean anatomical terminology). The Korean anatomical terminology has been revised five times since its first edition in 1979 to the sixth edition in 2014. Here, we illustrate the difference between Japanese terms and Korean terms and the process of refining Korean terms using examples.
Anatomists ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Korea

Commonly used internal devices to fix the stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures are fixed nail plate (Jewett nail, Holt nail), sliding nail plate (compression hip screw) and intramedullary device (Ender, Harris nail). The choice of internal device is influenced by the general coditions of patients, the pattern of fracture and the personal preference of surgeon. There are many reports that sliding nail plate appears to give better result than fixed nail plate because the latter device leads to high failure rate. Twenty nine unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with Jewett nail plate (group I) and sliding compression hip screw (group II) between 1981 and 1988 were reviewed after minimal twelve months follow up. Group I comprised of fourteen cases, Group II, of fifteen. There were seventeen males and twelve females. The ages ranged from thirty-two to seventy-eight years, the average age being 57.8 years. Eighteen cases were caused by slip down; eight, traffic accident; and three, fall down. The average operation time was 124 minutes in group I and 148 minutes in group II. The average amout of blood loss was 1024cc in group I and 1040cc in group II. The average time to union was 13 weeks in group I and 12.9 weeks in group II. In Jewett nail plate fixed group, there were three complication; one coxa vara, and superior migration of nail, and one subcapital fracture and one superficial wound infection. In sliding compression hip screw group, one was complicated with coxa vara. Above results suggest that the use of Jewett nail plate in unstable intertrochanteric fracture could be got good results with method using compression hip screw.
Accidents, Traffic ; Coxa Vara ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Wound Infection

The muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery have been described as the superior muscular artery and the inferior muscular artery. However, the definition of the muscluar arteries and their distribution has not been clarified. Therefore, the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery in 80 orbits of Korean adults were observed under the surgical microscope. The inferior muscular artery was observed in 87.5% of the materials and the superior muscular artery was observed in 32.5%. The commen muscular branch distributing to the adjacent two muscles was observed more frequently(81.3%). The superior muscular artery and the common muscular branches were similar in their distribution according to their site of origin. Therefore, they were classified into the superolateral and superomedial arteries. The superolateral muscular artery was observed in 58.6%. and the superomedial muscular artery was observed in 71.3%. This study suggests that the ocular muscular arteries are better classified into 3 groups, namely inferior, superolateral, and superomedial muscular arteries.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit

The muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery have been described as the superior muscular artery and the inferior muscular artery. However, the definition of the muscluar arteries and their distribution has not been clarified. Therefore, the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery in 80 orbits of Korean adults were observed under the surgical microscope. The inferior muscular artery was observed in 87.5% of the materials and the superior muscular artery was observed in 32.5%. The commen muscular branch distributing to the adjacent two muscles was observed more frequently(81.3%). The superior muscular artery and the common muscular branches were similar in their distribution according to their site of origin. Therefore, they were classified into the superolateral and superomedial arteries. The superolateral muscular artery was observed in 58.6%. and the superomedial muscular artery was observed in 71.3%. This study suggests that the ocular muscular arteries are better classified into 3 groups, namely inferior, superolateral, and superomedial muscular arteries.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit

No abstract available.