No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Learning*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Learning Disorders* ; Learning*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Microsporum* ; Siblings* ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea*

PURPOSE: To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) associated with chickenpox. CASE SUMMARY: A 24-year-old female presenting with a history of centripetal eruption and erythema, followed by vesicle and eschar, was diagnosed with varicella and managed in a local medical clinic. Five days after the varicella eruption, she experienced decreased vision in her left eye. On initial exam visual acuity was light-sense positive in the left eye and 1.0 in the right eye; on fundus examination the patient was diagnosed with CRAO. We performed hematologic tests including thrombophilia studies, but there were no abnormal findings on routine hematologic tests, the carotid artery, or cardiovascular examinations. Antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, and antiphospholipid antibody were negative. Skin biopsy and PCR results both corresponded with varicella, and the patient was diagnosed with CRAO associated with chickenpox.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Biopsy ; Carotid Arteries ; Chickenpox ; Erythema ; Eye ; Female ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Skin ; Thrombophilia ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Head injury is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits and hospital admission in the pediatric populations, and most injuries are mild. In mild head injury, grading of severity and decision of hospital admission are difficult in the emergency department. Recent studies have suggested that patients with a normal head CT scan and neurologic exam following head injury can be safely discharged from the emergency department. However, previous studies have relied on incomplete patient follow-up and been limited for the most part to adult population. So we performed this study to assess clinical course and the incidence of significant CNS sequelae in children with a normal head CT scan and no focal neurologic sign after mild head injuries during hospital admission and follow-up for 1 month. METHODS: We reviewal the records of children(n=209) admitted to the department of emergency medicine with closed head injuries from Jan. 1, 1996 to Dec. 31, 1996, who's initial Glasgow Coma Scale was 13 to 15, and have no focal neurologic sign and a normal head CT scan. RESULT: 209 patients were studied with a mean age of 6.8(range 3 months to 15years), and 66.5% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were pedestrian T.A(50.2%) and fall(11.5%). Patients had a mean Glasgow coma scale of 14.8 and mean Abbreviated Injury Score of 1.3. Patients had clinical symptoms of headache(49.3%), vomiting(44.5%), loss of consciousness(LOC)(29.6%), amnesia(10.0%), sleepiness(8.6%), irritability(8.6%), confusion(2.9%) and seizure(1.9%). The mean duration of admission was 4.3 days(range: 6 hours-20 days) and the mean duration of symptom was 36.4 hours. No child developed significant CNS sequelae during hospital admission. However, during hospital admission, aye children(all were preschooler) had psychologic complication ; one child developed post-traumatic stress disorder requiring psychologic treatment for 3 months. Three children developed enuresis and two children developed night terror. During 1 month fallow-up, one child developed a symptomatic hemorrhagic contusion 5 days after the head injury, not requiring neurosurgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Among children with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 13 to 15, a normal head CT scan and no focal neurologic sign after mild head injuries, delayed intracranial sequelae are extremely uncommon. So these patient may be discharged home with parental supervision and education for dose observation.
Adult ; Child* ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medicine* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Enuresis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Head Injuries, Closed ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Organization and Administration ; Parents ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: We are in the edge of some human made disasters such as hazardous materials and air pollution, for example, the world news reported that the city of Bhopal, India had serious victims related with a leaking out of the chemical materials, Methyl Isocyanate and many people in India were killed by. These situations many people who live in this world are worrying about are not others, but just ours and people consider about that kind of the disasters are the possible situation to happen to all the people. Therefore, we performed this basic study to recognize the risk of Methyl Isocyanate leak accident and to prepare local disaster plan with EMS system. METHOD: Trace 8.0, a simulation software made by the U.S. company Safer System was used as a tool to estimate the diffusion distance, area and its victims at the concentrations of 0.02 ppm, 0.2 ppm, 5 ppm respectively for an assumed B-city of 2 hundred thousands population count in which was presumed 500 kg Methyl Isocyanate gas to leak out. RESULTS: 1. During 1 hour, maximum diffusion distances of 0.02 ppm, 0.2 ppm, and 5 ppm were 5.41 km, 1.61 km and 0.29 km respectively on the plume impact. 2. Maximum population counts influenced by Methyl Isocyanate gas at the concentrations of 0.02 ppm, 0.2 ppm, and 5 ppm were 40,838, 4,346 and 222 on the plume impact, while those were 138,238, 17,261, and 1,588 on the vulnerability impact, respectively. 3. Therefore, 17,261 persons must put on respiratory device and 138,283 persons must be evacuated to safety place within 1 hour. CONCLUSIONS: Only small amount leak of Methyl Isocyanate may cause tremendous chemical disaster in urban area, so its disaster plan must be prepared with an accident simulation program and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Especially, nearby emergency center of an industrial complex must have a strong position about preparation of chemical disaster plan and perform a disaster drill of hazardous material accident annually.
Air Pollution ; Diffusion ; Disasters* ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; India ; Material Safety Data Sheets

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) on osteotomy site as an adjunctive therapy for dacryocystorhinostomy, the effect of MMC on cultured human osteoblasts was tested. METHODS: Cultured osteoblasts which was obtained from the human iliac crest, were treated with four different concentrations of MMC (0 mg/ml, 0.2 mg/ml, 0.02 mg/ml, 0.002 mg/ml) and cultured for 24hours. To observe the effect of exposed time dependency, cells were treated with MMC during 5, 30minutes, and 24hours and washed and changed with fresh osteogenic media, and then cultured for 24 hours. The effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta) on the MMC-treated cells was evaluated. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue staining method and MTT assay. RESULTS: As compared with control group, the lowest growth rate of osteoblasts was 6.8% in 0.2 mg/ml MMC-treated cells. There were no significant differences in the growth rate between 5 minutes and 30 minutes MMC treatment groups, but in case of 24 hours treatment group with MMC (0.2 mg/ml) the growth rate was suppressed to 77.5% of control group with statistical significance. Both growth factors had promotive effect on the growth of in 0.02 mg/ml MMC-treated osteoblasts, but not in 0.2 mg/ml MMC-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoblasts which were treated for longer time and with higher concentration of MMC showed more suppression in growth rate. These results suggest that intraoperative application of MMC during dacryocystirhinostomy could have a positive effect of mucosal ostium with suppression of osteoblasts proliferation.
Cell Survival ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Humans* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mitomycin* ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteotomy ; Trypan Blue

Purpose: Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been evaluated to provide a new diagnostic and therapeutic modality hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other tumors. They are small non-coding RNA molecules that function as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by silencing target genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of microRNA-18a, 221 (miR-18a, miR-221) expression in HCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. Methods: miR-18a and miR-221 expressions were assessed by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 50 pairs of FFPE HCC and the adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. And we evaluated the expression level in HCC tissues as compared with their adjacent noncancerous counterparts. And the relationship between miR-18a, miR-221 level and clinicopathological data and survival rates were analyzed. Results: miR-221 and miR-18a were overexpressed in HCC tissue as compared with their adjacent noncancerous liver tissue (P<0.001). miR221 expression was found to be correlated with larger tumor size (P=0.048). miR-18a expression was correlated with modified Union for International Cancer Control stage (P=0.05). The overall survival (P=0.02) of HCC patients with high miR-221 expression was significantly poorer compared to those patients with low expression. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that miR-221 may be a poor prognostic factor of HCC patients. Conclusion High expression of miR-221 in FFPE tissues could provide significance for prognosis of HCC patients. Although, miR-18a expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, they are not correlated with prognosis. Further large prospective studies are needed to determine their clinical significance.