No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Rhabdomyosarcoma*

PURPOSE: The pressure-flow study is only objective study that can determine the presence or absence of bladder outlet obstruction and impaired detrusor contractility. Although many results of pressure-flow study are reported in diseased state such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, but are rarely evaluated in adult male patients without voiding symptoms as control group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the findings of pressure-flow study in asymptomatic male patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three male patients without voiding symptom were recruited for this study. Mean age of these patients was 49.8 years(range 21-70). Mean AUA symptom score was 1.1(range 0-4) and mean prostatic volume was 27.3gm(range 20-35) on digital rectal examination. The study was done by using 7 Fr. urethral catheter on sitting or standing position. RESULTS: Mean values were followed; PdetQmax was 48.1cmH2O(range 25-94), Qmax was 15.7ml/sec(range 3-23), and postvoid residual urine was 14.5ml(range 0-80). According to the Abrams-Griffiths nomogram, 8 were unobstructed and 4 were obstructed, the remaining 11 falling in the equivocal zone. In each types, mean group specific urethral resistance factor (URA) was 12.8cmH2O in unobstructive type, 51.5 in obstructive type, and 22.1 in equivocal type. CONCLUSIONS: The results were maybe guessed as following; First, the values of defining obstrucion were set too low. Second, obstruction was less relevance in the development of symptoms than had been suggested previosly by some observers. Therefore, we thought that interpretations of pressure-flow finding were carefully considered to method of test, and/or uncomfortable voiding.
Adult* ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Male* ; Nomograms ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Catheters

Hemorrhage or cystic rupture of adrenal gland is uncommonly reported in infants. However, spontaneously ruptured nonfunctioning adrenocortical carcinoma has not been yet reported in Korean literature We describe a 65-year-old woman who developed unilateral spontaneous adrenal rupture in coexisting nonfunctioning adrenocortical carcinoma without trauma or infection. And our preoperative impression was suspicious ruptured renal cell carcinoma.
Adrenal Glands ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous*

PURPOSE: The onlay island flap urethroplasty, a variation of the transverse preputial island flap, was originally introduced as an alternative to the meatal-based flap urethroplasty for anterior hypospadias. Recently, the indications for use of the onlay island flap urethroplasty have been extended to include repair of more proximal hypospadias with/without moderate degrees of chordee. We evaluated application and outcome of onlay island flap hypospadias repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed medical records of 126 patients who underwent primary hapospadias repair at our hospital during recent 10 years with respect to age at surgery, type of hypospadias, surgical technique and outcome. A minimum follow-up of 6 months was necessary for inclusion of the study. RESULTS: Age ranged from 7 months to 32 years(mean 6.7 years). For 59 patients with anterior hypospadias, 14 onlay island flap, 21 MAGPI, 14 pyramid, 8 Mathieu and 2 tubularized incised plate urethroplasties were performed. For 67 patients with mid to posterior hypospadias, 31 onlay island flap, 29 transverse island flap, 3 King, 3 augmented Duckett (Transverse island flap+hiersch-Duplay) and 1 tubularized incised plate urethroplasty were performed. Out of total 129 patients, 45 patients underwent onlay island flap repairs including combined with 7 dorsal penile plications. Out of 31 patients who underwent onlay island flap repairs, 3 patients developed complications. Out of 29 patients who underwent transverse preputial island flap repair, 13 patients developed complications. During the period of first 5 years, we performed 10 onlay island flap and 21 transverse island flap repairs for 37 mid to posterior hypospadias, whereas during the second 5 years, we did 21 onlay island and 8 transverse island flap repairs for 30 mid to posterior hypospadias. CONCLUSIONS: The onlay island flap hypospadias repair with/without dorsal penile plication was even applied to mid and posterior hypospadias as well as anterior hypospadias. The onlay island flap hypospadias repair maintained its technical advantages and lower complication rate compared to transverse island flap. More favorable results were obtained through as possible as preservation of urethral plate in hypospadias repair.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Inlays* ; Male ; Medical Records

PURPOSE: The management of patients with superficially invasive, stage T1N0M0 bladder cancer remains controversial. While some physicians advocated early cystectomy, others believe that with initial TURB and effective intravesical BCG, local disease control can be achieved in most patients. We evaluated the outcome of stage T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with TURB and intravesical BCG therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviwed records of 109 patients with stage T1 bladder tumor who treated with BCG between February 1986 and January 1997 with respect to age, grade, interval of progression and recurrence and current status. Each course of BCG consisted of 6 weekly and subsequent 3 monthly treatments. RSEULTS: Forty five of 109 patients(41.3%) had initial grade I tumors, including 13 patients (28.9%) who had at least one or more local recurrences and 2 patients(4.4%) had disease progression. Fifty seven of 109 patients(52.3%) had grade II tumors, with local recurrence in 23 patients(40.4%) and disease progression in 4 patients(7.0%). Among remaining 7 patients (6.4%) who had grade III tumors had local recurrence in 1 patient(14.3%) and disease progression in 4 patients(57.1%). The median intervals of progression on patients with initial grade I, II and III were 20.5, 15.3 and 16.9 months, respectively. Five of 10 patients who had progressed died because of the metastasis despite salvage therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical BCG was appropriately treated for patients with initial grade I or II stage T1 tumor because of low risk of disease progression. Patients with initial grade 3 stage T1 tumor had high risk for disease progression and BCG did not seem to decrease this risk. Therefore, grade 3 stage T1 tumor was regarded as high risk of disease progression and should be treated to more aggressive modality like invasive tumor.
Bacillus* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence* ; Salvage Therapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: In many centers, voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) is routinely performed to identify some abnormalities which may compromise the success of transplantation and assess the abnormality of lower urinary tract. To evaluate the value of VCUG as routine pretransplatation workup, we retrospectively reviewed this investigation for renal transplant candidates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 251 patients underwent transplantation at our center over a 7-year period from August 1990 to July 1996. 229 patients were fully evaluable excluding 22 patients due to incomplete records. All of them were taken VCUG. We tried to find an abnormal VCUG including vesicoureteral reflux, postvoid residual urine(PVR>50ml) and decreased bladder capacity(<100ml). RESULTS: An urological abnormality is identified by VCUG in 29 of 229 patients(12.7%). These abnormalities include 20 patients with VUR alone, 5 patients with increased PVR due to urethral stricture(1), benign prostatic hyperplasia(1), and unknown(3), 1 patient with decreased bladder capacity, 2 patients with unilateral VUR combined PVR, and 1 patient with bilateral VUR combined decreased bladder capacity. 4 of 29 patients had a known urological abnormality as the etiology of end stage renal disease. 41 of 229 patients evaluated had a previous urological history such as frequency, nocturia, urgency, incontinence and dysuria, recurrent UTI and pyelonephritis. But all 29 patients with abnormal VCUGs had a previous those history. 4 of 29 patients were managed due to increased PVR after transplantation as followings: clean intermittent catheterization(3), medication of alpha-blocker for BPH(1). Others were not required further managements. Hence, abnormal findings on VCUG did not lead to a surgical procedure for the abnormality before and/or after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that VCUG may be not essential for the routine evaluation for renal transplantation. Therefore, it will necessary in selected individuals with a previous urological history.
Dysuria ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Nocturia ; Pyelonephritis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Elevations of serum PSA concentrations have been widely reported due to prostatic cancer, but other causes haute not been formally characterized or quantified. So that, we evaluated the causes of elevated serum PSA concentrations in men whose prostate biopsy showed no cancer. The effects of prostate volume, inflammation, echogenecity on ultrasound and calculi were examined in 43 men that serum PSA concentrations greater than 4.0 ng/ml with negative biopsy. These men were compared with 16 men who had suspicious rectal examinations, negative biopsy and serum PSA concentrations of 4.0 ng/ml. or less. Prostate volume (22.5%, p<0.005) and inflammation (3%, p<.05) were significantly associated with elevated serum PSA concentrations (>4.0 ng/ml) than control group (< or = 4.0 ng/ml) and age echogenecity on ultrasound and calculi were statistically less significant (p> or =0.05). In summary, prostate volume and inflammation were the most important factors contributing to increase serum PSA concentration in men that clinically undetectable prostatic cancer.
Biopsy ; Calculi ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to establish a birth defects monitoring system in Korea by multi-center study. This novel study was initiated in 1999, and extended to detect the frequencies and trends of birth defects in Korea. METHODS: Six centers participated in this study. The actively ascertained surveillance data was collected from May 1999 to November 2001. RESULTS: Of the 65,653 births included in this study, 1,143 (1.7%) had birth defects. About one third of them were terminated. While disease of the genitourinary tract was more frequent in isolated defects, cardiovascular disease was more frequent in combined defects (19.7% and 21.7%, respectively). Chromosomal anomalies were detected 23.5 per 10,000 births. And it showed increasing tendency for 3 years. CONCLUSION: We could establish multi-center monitoring system for birth defects successfully. But, many of the problems arising in the collection of accurate, valid, and comparable epidemiological data about birth defects have not yet been overcome. It appears that the development of joint projects at national level is essential for upgrading the quality and usefulness of this study.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Joints ; Korea* ; Parturition*

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to establish a multi-center birth defects monitoring system for evaluating the prevalence and serial occurrence of birth defects in Korea. METHODS: Seven centers participated in this monitoring system. Trained nurses actively collected the 42,015 delivery records obtained from delivery units and pediatric clinics in the participating hospitals every month. RESULTS: We observed 722 birth defects among 42,015 births including live births and stillbirths. The prevalence of birth defect was 1.7%. About one thirds of birth defects were terminated. The most frequent congenital anomalies were cleft lip and Down syndrome. The highest proportion of birth defects was 20.1% in urogenital system. The proportion of birth defects in cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal system were 17.1% and 14.1% respectively. Chromosomal anomalies and genetic syndromes represent 13.4% and 3.3% among birth defects respectively. Among chromosomal anomalies Down syndrome was at the first rank. CONCLUSION: We could establish multi-center active monitoring system for birth defects successfully. To check serial occurrence of birth defects, it is necessary to increase participating hospitals and to launch the nationwide multi-center study.
Cardiovascular System ; Cleft Lip ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Down Syndrome ; Korea* ; Live Birth ; Parturition* ; Prevalence ; Stillbirth ; Urogenital System

The aim of this study was to establish a multi-center birth defects monitoring system to evaluate the prevalence and the serial occurrence of birth defects in Korea. Ten medical centers participated in this program. A trained nurse collected relevant records from delivery units and pediatric clinics in participating hospitals on a monthly basis. We observed 1,537 cases of birth defects among 86,622 deliveries, which included live births and stillbirths. The prevalence of birth defects was 1.8%, and the sex distribution of the birth defect cases was 55.2% male and 41.6% female. The highest proportion of birth defects was in the cardiovascular system (17.5%), followed by birth defects involving in the genitourinary system (15.6%). Chromosomal anomalies were detected 30.0 per 10,000 births. Of these chromosomal anomalies, Down syndrome was most frequently observed. This study led to an establishment of a multi-center active monitoring system for birth defects. To better understand the serial occurrence of birth defects in Korea, it is necessary to increase the number of participating hospitals and to launch on a nation-wide multi-center study.
Abnormalities/*epidemiology ; Child ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; *Population Surveillance ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't